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Simplex Encephalitis (simplex + encephalitis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences58%
Life Sciences41%

Kinds of Simplex Encephalitis

  • herpes simplex encephalitis
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    Selected Abstracts

    HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS IN OLDER ADULTS

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2010
    Antoni Riera-Mestre MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Rapid determination of acyclovir in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with direct sample injection and its clinical application

    ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 4 2006
    Hsin-Hua Yeh
    Abstract A simple MEKC with UV detection at 254,nm for analysis of acyclovir in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by direct injection without any sample pretreatment is described. The separation of acyclovir from biological matrix was performed at 25°C using a BGE consisting of Tris buffer with SDS as the electrolyte solution. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drug from biological matrix were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. Using dyphylline as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for the determination of acyclovir in plasma and in CSF all exceeded the range of 2,50,,g/mL; the detection limit of the drug in plasma and in CSF (S/N = 3; injection 3.45,kPa, 5,s) was 1.0,,g/mL. The applicability of the proposed method for determination of acyclovir in plasma and CSF collected at 8,h after intravenous administration of 500,mg acyclovir (Zovirax®) in two patients with herpes simplex encephalitis was demonstrated. [source]

    Epidemiological study of acute encephalitis in Tottori Prefecture, Japan

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 10 2008
    K. Wada-Isoe
    Background and purpose:, To conduct an epidemiological survey of acute encephalitis focusing on non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE) in Tottori Prefecture, western area of Japan. Methods:, A questionnaire survey on the annual number of patients aged 16 years or more with acute encephalitis from 2001 to 2005 was undertaken in 2006. Results:, During the study period, 49 patients were diagnosed with acute encephalitis. The subtype of acute encephalitis was as follows: 10 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), 12 patients with NHALE, 4 patients with paraneoplastic encephalitis, 2 patients with encephalitis associated with collagen disease, one patient with viral encephalitis other than HSE, 20 patients with encephalitis with unknown causes. The service-based incidence rate of acute encephalitis was 19.0 per million person-years. The incidence rate of NHALE subtype was 4.7 per million person-years. Conclusions:, Our epidemiological survey indicated an estimated 550 patients would develop NHALE per year in Japan, suggesting that NHALE may not be a rare disorder. [source]

    Extra temporal involvement in herpes simplex encephalitis

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2005
    M. Wasay
    Temporal lobe abnormalities on brain imaging have been described as strong evidence for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in appropriate clinical settings. Extra temporal abnormalities are less well described in these patients. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients of HSE and found extra temporal involvement in 11 (55%) patients. Three patients (15 %) had pure extra temporal abnormalities. Twelve patients (60%) had temporal lobe involvement, four patients (20%) had pure temporal lobe involvement and five patients (25%) had normal CT/MRI scans. Our study suggests that extra temporal involvement on brain imaging is common in HSE and in a significant minority of the patients this can even be the sole abnormality. [source]

    Differential impact of brain damage on the access mode to memory representations: an information theoretic approach

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 10 2007
    Rosapia Lauro-Grotto
    Abstract Different access modes to information stored in long-term memory can lead to different distributions of errors in classification tasks. We have designed a famous faces memory classification task that allows for the extraction of a measure of metric content, an index of the relevance of semantic cues for classification performance. High levels of metric content are indicative of a relatively preferred semantic access mode, while low levels, and similar correct performance, suggest a preferential episodic access mode. Compared with normal controls, the metric content index was increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), decreased in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, and unvaried in patients with insult in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the metric content index was found to correlate with a measure of the severity of dementia in patients with AD, and to track the progression of the disease. These results underline the role of the medial-temporal lobes and of the temporal cortex, respectively, for the episodic and semantic routes to memory retrieval. Moreover, they confirm the reliability of information theoretic measures for characterizing the structure of the surviving memory representations in memory-impaired patient populations. [source]

    Monitoring of herpes simplex virus DNA types 1 and 2 viral load in cerebrospinal fluid by real-time PCR in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 8 2009
    Lottie Schloss
    Abstract A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated retrospectively on 92 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 29 patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis with the aim to study if the concentration of HSV genomes can be used as a prognostic marker and for monitoring of antiviral therapy. The results were compared to those obtained previously by nested PCR, and the numbers of HSV genomes/ml were evaluated in correlation to patient outcome and treatment. The aims were to compare the sensitivity of a conventional nested PCR to a quantitative PCR, to investigate the range of HSV genome concentration in initial samples and to evaluate possible relationships between the HSV DNA concentrations in CSF, neopterin levels, and outcome of disease. The 29 initial samples contained between 2,×,102 and 42,×,106 HSV genomes/ml. There was no apparent correlation between the amount of HSV DNA in the initial samples and income status, initial neopterin levels, or prognosis. The number of HSV genomes/ml declined after treatment in all patients, but HSV DNA was still detectable after day 20 in 3 out of 16 patients. A long duration of genome detectability was found to correlate with poor outcome. There was no difference in sensitivity between the nested PCR and the quantitative PCR. While the quantitative PCR is more rational than a nested PCR, the quantitation of HSV genomes does not seem very useful as a prognostic marker in HSV encephalitis. J. Med. Virol. 81:1432,1437, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Acute retinal necrosis six years after herpes simplex encephalitis: An elusive immune deficit suggested by insufficient test sensitivity

    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2004
    W. Preiser
    Abstract A patient presented with acute retinal necrosis of the left eye. Demonstration of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in the aqueous humour confirmed the diagnosis. Negative results of HSV type-specific antibody tests based on gG antigens suggested a primary HSV infection. However, the patient had a past history of laboratory-confirmed herpes simplex encephalitis 6 years ago. Using antibody tests based on whole viral lysate antigens, he was seropositive from the onset, and immunoblot testing confirmed a lack of anti-gG reactivity. To be able to assess whether this might be related to the apparent inability of his immune system to suppress clinically symptomatic HSV infection, serial samples were tested by an HSV neutralisation test and a whole-blood flow cytometric assay to determine the frequency of HSV-specific CD4 lymphocytes. However, this did not yield evidence of obvious immunodeficiency; the patient reacted similarly to known positive controls by both assays. Although type-specific HSV serological tests based on gG are generally more specific than those based on whole viral lysate antigens, they have a somewhat lower sensitivity, as a certain percentage of HSV-infected individuals do not develop antibodies against gG, and others may suffer a secondary loss of anti-gG reactivity. Thus there is a risk of missing individual infected patients. Unless this potential problem is recognised, serious consequences might possibly result. We therefore urge virologists and clinicians to exercise great care if highly specific antibody assays based on recombinant proteins are employed. J. Med. Virol. 73:250,255, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex encephalitis

    ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2010
    Eva C. Schulte MD
    Herpes simplex virus type 1 is a common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis. Treatment with acyclovir is highly effective in this disease. We report the case of a 27-year-old, immunocompetent woman with acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex encephalitis. Although she had not been treated before, herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA from the cerebrospinal fluid showed a non-synonymous mutation in the thymidine kinase gene, which is likely to have caused resistance to acyclovir. Herpes simplex encephalitis resolved after treatment with foscarnet. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus encephalitis in an immunocompetent, previously therapy-naive adult. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:830,833 [source]

    Herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis associated with acute retinal necrosis syndrome in an immunocompetent patient

    ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2002
    Philippe Gain
    ABSTRACT. Purpose:, The onset of acute retinal necrosis secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis is exceptional. We report such an association in an immunocompetent patient, in whom the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was identified successively at both sites of infection. Methods:, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of HSV-1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aqueous humour. Results:, An immunocompetent patient aged 40 years presented with HSV-1 encephalitis, which was confirmed by imaging, viral serology and identification of the HSV-1 genome in the CSF. The subject's immunological profile was normal. The patient was treated with foscavir. Six weeks after clinical recovery and negative PCR, the patient presented with a unilateral acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Polymerase chain reaction of the aqueous humour was positive, while serology and PCR of the CSF remained negative. Conclusion:, Identification of the HSV-1 genome at the two successive sites of infection stresses the possibility of brain-to-eye transmission of HSV-1. [source]