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Simple Picture (simple + picture)
Selected AbstractsMalapropisms and the Simple Picture of CommunicationMIND & LANGUAGE, Issue 3 2010STEFANO PREDELLI This essay defends an analysis of malapropisms consistent with the Simple Picture of communication, namely the view that speakers communicate that P by employing expressions associated with P by the regularities appropriate for the linguistic community to which they belong. My analysis, grounded on the distinction between traces, shapes, and forms, is consistent with an intuitive assessment of the contents conveyed by instances of malapropisms, and with a standard, ,fully articulated' approach to semantic interpretation. [source] Emergence of representational activity during the early drawing stage: process analysisJAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001Kyoko Yamagata This study analyzed the process underlying the emergence of representational drawing. Eighty-seven children aged 1,3 years were asked to color or draw either a simple picture (P) or a contour for an object (DC) in a shared task. After that, they were asked to draw their mother on a blank sheet of paper in a no drawn contour task (NC). Whereas 1½- and 2-year-olds were more successful in the P task than in the DC task, the 2½- and 3-year-olds were successful in both. The 2-year-olds were better in the DC than the NC task. The results show that 1½- and 2-year-olds can extract the component parts of a drawing even though they cannot produce them and children over 2½ years old can organize these components into a drawing by themselves. These findings indicate that representational drawing is based on the extraction of the component parts and the acquisition of the drawing ability to combine the parts into a drawing and that the beginnings of representational drawing are found in 1½- and 2-year-old children. [source] Ultrahigh-Temperature Semiconductors Made from Polymer-Derived CeramicsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 6 2010Hee-Yeon Ryu We report the semiconductor behavior of polymer-derived ceramics at high temperatures extending up to 1300°C, far above that of any known material. The conductivity depends strongly on the N/O molar ratio, reaching its highest value when the ratio is approximately unity. The temperature dependence of the conductivity for these specimens, ,, shows good agreement with the Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism for three,dimensional conduction in amorphous materials as described by. The comparison yields the following range of values for the density of states, N(E)=4.9 × 1017,5.9 × 1018 (eV·cm3),1, hopping energy, W=0.017,0.047 eV, and hopping distance, R=13.4,21.8 nm. The charge carrier mobilities predicted by the VRH model are in excellent agreement with the values measured in the Hall experiment. The long hopping distances are an unusual feature of this ceramic, suggesting long-range wave functions that may arise from clusters of SiCNO atoms that can exist in the form of a nanodomain network. Specimens that are either rich in oxygen (at the expense of nitrogen) or rich in nitrogen, have conductivities that are four to eight orders of magnitude lower than the ,equimolar compositions. One oxygen-rich specimen shows band-gap controlled semiconductivity with an activation energy of 1.1 eV. Taken together, these results suggest that the electronic properties of the SiCNO ceramics are controlled by complex interactions between C and other atoms (Si, N, and O). These results are at variance with the simple picture where "free carbon" is assumed to determine the electronic behavior. [source] How to think about the Modularity of Mind-ReadingTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 199 2000Gregory Currie It has been suggested that the fixation of beliefs about people's beliefs, desires and intentions is modularized. We argue that this is unlikely. We argue that there is modularity lower down: social-intentional ,markers' are produced by an encapsulated mechanism intermediate between perception and belief-fixation, and that these markers make a distinctive contribution to the fixation of beliefs about the mental. But belief fixation itself is not modular. Finally, we suggest some complications to our simple picture, and some ways in which our thesis might shed light on pathologies of social understanding. [source] Spatial frequency content of the Cardiff and related acuity testsOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 1 2006W. N. Charman Abstract In the Cardiff acuity test, simple pictures on an otherwise neutral grey card are defined by borders consisting of a relatively broad white band flanked by black bands each half the width of the white band. Higher levels of acuity correspond to the ability to detect figures defined by narrower borders, the figure size remaining constant. It is sometimes implied that the acuity limit corresponding to each card can be equated with different levels of grating resolution, the total width of the border corresponding to the overall grating period. It is shown that although the spatial frequency spectra of the Cardiff figures, like those of other vanishing optotypes, lack very low-frequency components, they have a complex two-dimensional form. The figures have wide spatial bandwidth and no well-defined discrete frequency components. As a result, the relationship between measured Cardiff and grating acuity will vary somewhat, depending upon the particular optical, neural or other deficits of the individual being tested. [source] | ||||||||||