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Simple Alcohols (simple + alcohol)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	75%

Selected Abstracts

2-Ethyl-2-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene derivatives: Synthesis and use in fragmentation-related phosphorylations

HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2005
Helga Szelke
A 2-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene oxide (2) and a 2-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octa-5,7-diene oxide (3) with ethyl substituent on the phosphorus atom was synthesized and their fragmentation properties were studied. The phosphabicyclooctadiene oxide (3) could be utilized in both the UV light-mediated phosphorylation of simple alcohols and in the thermoinduced phosphorylation of hydroquinone giving an easy access to P-ethylphosphinates (e.g., 4 and 6). The phosphabicyclooctene oxide (2) was, however, not useful in photoinduced phosphorylations; under such conditions the precursor (2) underwent dechlorination to afford 5. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:196,199, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20093 [source]

Synthesis of morphologically different, metal absorbing aniline-formaldehyde polymers including micron-sized sphere using simple alcohols as morphology modifier

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 2 2008
Rik Rani Koner
Abstract Aniline-formaldehyde condensate (AFC) is an amine functional group containing polymer. The sticky resinous nature of the polymer limits its usefulness. Synthesis of AFC in presence of methanol, isopropanol, t -butanol, n -octanol or glycerine formed solid cakes instead of resinous material. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) picture of the polymer synthesized in presence of t -butanol shows the formation of micron sized spheroids while the presence of methanol, isopropanol, n -octanol and glycerine leads to amorphous polymer. The polymers were characterized with IR, MALDI-TOF mass and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. To probe the accessibility of the amine functional groups by external reagents and as an application, metal removal property of the polymers were tested using aqueous Cr(VI) solution. All the polymers remove Cr(VI) efficiently at pH 3 with extent of metal removal depends on their morphology. Polymer synthesized in presence of isopropanol removes , 66% Cr(VI) removal from an initial concentration of 9 mg/L. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source]

Research and Development Trends in Biodiesel

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5-6 2004
V. Rudolph
Biodiesel, a derivative from plant oils or animal fats, has gained widespread acceptance in recent years as a sustainable alternative fuel to petroleum diesel due to its environmental benefits and renewability. Although there are several different ways in which biodiesel can be used or formulated as a fuel such as direct blending, microemulsions and thermal cracking, the most widespread remains the alkyl esters of fatty acids obtained through transesterification of the oils or fats. In transesterification, triglycerides which are the main chemical in oils or fats are converted into esters through reaction with simple alcohols. The physical and chemical properties of the esters thus obtained are very similar to those of the petroleum diesel. This paper reviews the current technologies available for the transesterifications of vegetable oils and animal fats and identifies that the biggest factor deterring a greater market uptake of biodiesel is its cost. It concludes that, in addition to government policy framework, e.g. to reduce the pump price of biodiesel through fuel tax exemption, further technological development presents significant scope for improvement. At present, there are no suitable and developed transesterification technologies that can handle cheap, low-quality feedstocks including waste animal fats and spent cooking oils. These feedstocks contain high percentages of water and free fatty acids which are extremely detrimental to the yield and reaction rates of the transesterification processes. This paper also suggests some future research and development directions and requirements for more competitive biodiesel production. [source]

1,4-Butanediol as a Reducing Agent in Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions

CHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010
Hannah
Abstract 1,4-Butanediol is able to deliver two equivalents of H2 in hydrogen-transfer reactions to ketones, imines, and alkenes. Unlike simple alcohols, which establish equilibrium in the reduction of ketones, 1,4-butanediol acts essentially irreversibly owing to the formation of butyrolactone, which acts as a thermodynamic sink. It is therefore not necessary to use 1,4-butanediol in great excess in order to achieve reduction reactions. In addition, allylic alcohols are reduced to saturated alcohols through an isomerization/reduction sequence using a ruthenium catalyst with 1,4-butanediol as the reducing agent. Imines and alkenes are also reduced under similar conditions. [source]