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Selected AbstractsStudies on pyrolysis of vegetable market wastes in presence of heat transfer resistance and deactivationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2005Ruby Ray Abstract In the present investigation, the pyrolysis of predried vegetable market waste (dp=5.03 mm) has been studied using a cylindrical pyrolyser having diameter of 250 mm under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions within the temperature range of 523,923 K with an intention to investigate the effective contribution of different heat transfer controlling regime namely intra-particle, external along with kinetically control regime on the overall global rate of pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric method of analysis was utilized to obtain experimental data for both isothermal and non-isothermal cases by coupling a digital balance with the pyrolyser. The pyrolysis of vegetable market waste has been observed to exhibit deactivated concentration independent pyrolysis kinetics, analogous to catalytic poisoning, throughout the entire range of study. The deactivation is of 1st order up to 723 K and follows the 3rd order in the temperature range of 723 How long do the short-term violent video game effects last?AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 3 2009Christopher Barlett Abstract How long do the effects of the initial short-term increase in aggression and physiological arousal last after violent video game play? Study 1 (N=91) had participants complete pre- and postvideo game measures of aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and heart rate. Then, participants completed Time 3 measures after 4,min or 9,min of delay. Study 2 employed a similar procedure, but had participants (N=91) complete the hot sauce paradigm to assess aggressive behavior after a 0, 5, or 10,min delay. First, results indicated that aggressive feelings, aggressive thoughts, aggressive behavior, and heart rate initially increased after violent video game play. Second, results of the delay condition revealed that the increase in aggressive feelings and aggressive thoughts lasted less than 4,min, whereas heart rate and aggressive behavior lasted 4,9,min. Aggr. Behav. 35:225,236, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro degradation of thermotropic polyesters and copolyesters based on terephthalic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and glycolsJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 18 2001Minoru Nagata Abstract A new series of thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) polyesters were prepared from a diacyl chloride derivative of 4,4,-(terephthaloyldioxy)-di-4-phenylpropionic acid (PTP) and glycols with a different number of methylene groups (n) [HO(CH2)n OH, n = 6,10, 12] by high-temperature solution polycondensation in diphenyl oxide. PTP6/10 and PTP6/hydroquinone (H) LC copolyesters were also prepared according to a similar procedure. The chemical structure, LC, phase-transition behaviors, thermal stability, and solubility were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, and a polarizing light microscope. The melting and isotropization temperatures decreased in a zigzag manner as the number of n increased. All of the polyesters formed a nematic phase with the exception of PTP8. The temperature ranges of the mesophase (,T) were much wider for the polyesters with an odd number of n's than those with an even number. ,T increased markedly for the PTP6/10 and PTP6/H copolyesters. The in vitro degradations of the polymers were ascertained by enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis. The model compound, PTP dihexylester, was synthesized and found to be degraded into terephthalic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and 1-hexanol by Rhizopus delemar lipase, but PTPn homopolyesters and PTP6/10 and PTP6/H copolyesters were resistant to Rhizopus delemar hydrolysis. They were degradable in a sodium hydroxide buffer solution of pH 12 at 60 °C, depending on the number of n's and the copolymer composition. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3043,3051, 2001 [source] A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of self-administered analgesia on women's experience of outpatient treatment at colposcopyBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 12 2005M.E. Cruickshank Objective To evaluate the effect of self-administered isoflurane and desflurane on women's experience of outpatient treatment at colposcopy. Design A prospective double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Setting A colposcopy clinic serving a regional population. Population Three hundred and ninety-six women scheduled for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Methods Self-administration of trial gas during a LLETZ procedure. One hundred and ninety-eight women were randomised to use isoflurane and desflurane and 198 to use placebo. Main outcome measures Patient satisfaction, pain and anxiety. Results The mean pain score for cervical surgery was significantly lower for women using isoflurane and desflurane (22.4) than the placebo arm (29.6) (P= 0.003). There was no significant difference between arms in anxiety levels before or after treatment. More women using isoflurane and desflurane (78%) reported ,total helpfulness' of the trial gas than those using placebo (67%) (P= 0.012). A subgroup analysis of trial participants classified as anxious by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score at recruitment showed that using isoflurane and desflurane significantly increased total treatment acceptability, helpfulness of the gas and willingness to undergo a similar procedure at six-month follow up. Conclusion Satisfaction with outpatient treatment at colposcopy is generally high. The main effect of isoflurane and desflurane evaluated in this trial was to reduce pain. It appeared to be effective for women with clinically significant anxiety and could be offered as an alternative to general anaesthesia. [source] Secondary-care treatment patterns in the UK for women with urinary incontinenceBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2005Adrian Wagg OBJECTIVES To describe the treatment trends for women with urinary incontinence (UI) after their referral from primary to secondary care, as despite the high prevalence of UI within the female population, relatively few women actively seek treatment for their UI and fewer reach secondary care. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the notes of patients attending in two randomly selected months in five hospital sites in the UK. Records were identified through outpatient clinic lists, surgery lists, nursing and physiotherapy lists. Data were collated and analysed for trends RESULTS In all, 412 women (mean age 54.6 years, sd 12.6) covering 1406 visits to secondary care were covered by the study. Most women had a symptomatic diagnosis of mixed UI and mild to moderate UI, as defined by their physician. Most women had conservative therapies by either continence nurses or physiotherapists, regardless of the severity of their condition; 73% had cystometry and 39% were recommended for surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Women largely undergo similar procedures in secondary care. Most present with mixed UI. The perceived severity of disease did not preclude a trial of conservative therapies. [source]
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