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Similar Demographics (similar + demographic)
Terms modified by Similar Demographics Selected AbstractsThe dependent patient in a psychiatric inpatient setting: Relationship of interpersonal dependency to consultation and medication frequenciesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Richard M. O'Neill To examine the relationship between interpersonal dependency and medical service use in a hospital setting, the number of medical consultations and psychotropic medication prescriptions were compared in matched, mixed-sex samples of 40 dependent and 40 nondependent psychiatric inpatients. Results indicated that dependent patients received more medical consultations and a greater number of medications than did nondependent patients with similar demographic and diagnostic profiles. Implications of these results for theoretical models of interpersonal dependency and for previous research on the dependency,help-seeking relationship are discussed. Practical implications of these findings for work with dependent patients are summarized. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 289,298, 2001. [source] Ursodeoxycholic acid and artesunate in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria patients with jaundiceJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Sombat Treeprasertsuk Abstract Background and Aims:,Plasmodium falciparum (PF) infection can lead to severe complications. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is increasingly used for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. The present study aims to determine the effects of combined UDCA and artesunate compared to placebo and artesunate on the improvement of liver tests in severe PF jaundiced patients. Methods:, All severe PF jaundiced patients, aged , 15 years and diagnosed as having severe malaria according to WHO 2000 criteria, were enrolled. Patients with evidence of biliary obstruction, other cholestatic liver diseases and those who were pregnant were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive either oral UDCA or placebo for 2 weeks in additional to artesunate. All patients were admitted for at least 14 days to monitor the result of the treatment. Results:, Seventy-four severe PF malaria patients with jaundice were enrolled. Both groups had similar demographic and laboratory tests, with the exception being more males in the UDCA group than in the placebo group (P = 0.04). The median of percentage change of total bilirubin and aminotransferase levels at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed no difference between the two groups. Only the median of percentage change of alkaline phosphatase at the end of week one compared with the baseline values showed less increment in the UDCA group than in the placebo group (P = 0.04). No serious adverse events were seen during the 4 weeks of follow up. Conclusions:, In severe PF malaria patients with jaundice, combined therapy with UDCA and artesunate is safe, but does not significantly improve liver tests compared to placebo and artesunate. [source] Complications of radiotherapy in laryngopharyngeal cancer,CANCER, Issue 19 2009Effects of a prospective smoking cessation program Abstract BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy (XRT) is effective as the primary treatment modality for laryngopharyngeal cancer; however, complications of XRT can result in significant morbidity. Few previous studies have examined the effect of continued smoking on complications of XRT. The authors of this report hypothesized that patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer who successfully quit smoking would have fewer complications of primary XRT. METHODS: All patients with head and neck cancer who were smokers at the time of diagnosis were referred prospectively to the Tobacco Treatment Program (TTP). From this group, the patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer who received XRT as the primary treatment modality were retrospectively selected and studied. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were identified and were divided into 3 groups: Seventeen patients attended TTP and quit smoking before the start of XRT (Group 1), 33 patients attended TTP but continued to smoke during XRT (Group 2), and 37 patients refused TTP (Group 3). On the basis of a review of medical records for patients in Group 3, 20 patients quit smoking before starting XRT and were included in Group 1 (abstainers), 11 patients continued to smoke and were included in Group 2 (continued smokers), and 6 patients had incomplete data and were omitted from further analysis. Analyses both with and without Group 3 patients yielded similar results. Abstainers and continued smokers had similar demographic and clinical characteristics. With the exception of skin changes, all complications (mucositis, need for feeding tube, duration of feeding tube, need for hospitalization, pharyngeal stricture, and osteoradionecrosis) were more common in the patients who continued to smoke, although the only complications that were significantly more common were the need for hospitalization (P = .04) and osteoradionecrosis (P = .03). Patients who continued to smoke were more likely to develop osteoradionecrosis (relative risk [RR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.6; P = .03) and to require hospitalization during treatment (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-2.02; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Continued smoking during treatment appeared to increase the risk for complications of XRT for patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer and possibly increased hospitalizations. This hypothesis-generating study emphasized the importance of smoking cessation programs in the management of patients with head and neck cancer patients who receive XRT. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source] Kidney graft survival in patients with hepatitis C: a single center experienceCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2008J Arango Abstract:, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent in renal transplant candidates; however, its effect on the transplant outcome is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of HCV infection in the outcome of kidney transplantation in a single transplant center. The study population 144 HCV, randomized selected patients and 64 HCV+ patients transplanted from 1973 to 2000, followed for up to 60 months post-transplantation. This retrospective study included the following variables: type of dialysis, time on renal replacement therapy, number of transfusions before and after transplantation, number of transplants, type of donor, immunosuppression, and rejection episodes. The Kaplan,Meier method was used to estimate graft and patient survival. Log-rank test was used to assess the difference in survival between HCV+ and HCV,. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relation between graft and patient survival. HCV+ and HCV, patients had similar demographic and clinical characteristics; however, a higher number of HCV+ patients received blood transfusions after transplantation. Patient survival was not significantly different in 39 HCV+ and 96 HCV, patients transplanted with living-related donors (71% and 77% at five yr, respectively). Similarly, there was not significant difference in 25 HCV+ and 48 HCV, patients transplanted with kidneys from deceased donors, although there was a tendency to better outcome in HCV, patients (55% and 72% at five yr respectively). Regarding graft survival, there was also no differences in HCV+ and HCV, recipients of living-related grafts (61% and 66% at five yr post-transplant, respectively) and recipients of kidneys from deceases donors (44% and 41%, respectively). The results show that HCV+ patients can be transplanted with the same success than HCV, patients. [source] Large-scale stopping and switching treatment with COX-2 inhibitors after the rofecoxib withdrawal,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 1 2008Myrthe P. P. Sukel MSc Abstract Purpose To compare treatment changes after the rofecoxib withdrawal with changes occurring normally and to re-assess 12 months afterwards. Methods The PHARMO database comprised medication and hospital discharge records of over 3 million inhabitants in the Netherlands. The Study cohort included chronic coxib users with a coxib prescription on 30th September 2004; the Reference cohort others with a coxib prescription on 1st June 2004. Initial treatment changes were based on first new prescription since cohort entry. Twelve-month changes were studied within the Study cohort only. Results The Study cohort (n,=,6974) and Reference cohort (n,=,5393) had similar demographics, stratified on type of coxib. In the Study cohort, 3341 (48%) initially stopped coxibs, of whom 1121 (16%) stopped all analgesic, versus 13 and 5% in the Reference cohort (p,<,0.001). Among ,other coxib' users 32% stopped coxibs, and 15% stopped all analgesics, versus 14% and 4%, p,<,0.001 in the Reference cohort. Among those who stopped coxibs, 34% switched to non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsNSAID) without PPI, 21% to nsNSAID with PPI, and 45% stopped NSAID treatment (Reference cohort: 35, 20, and 44%, respectively). These rates for ,other coxib users' were: switching to nsNSAID without PPI 23% (Study Cohort) versus 35% (Reference Cohort), 13 versus 28%, and 64 versus 37% respectively (p,<,0.001). Twelve months later, stopping NSAID increased to 43%, stopping all analgesics to 32%. Rheumatologists continued coxibs more frequently than other caregivers (87, 65, 54%, respectively). Conclusions The rofecoxib withdrawal resulted in a large proportion of patients who discontinued analgesic treatment altogether regardless of original coxib therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Is laparoscopic colectomy as cost beneficial as open colectomy?ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 4 2009Asim Shabbir Abstract Background:, Laparoscopic colectomy has yet to gain widespread acceptance in cost-conscious health-care institutions. The aim of the present study was to define the cost,benefit relationship of laparoscopic versus open colectomy. Methods:, Thirty-two consecutive patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy (LC) by a single colorectal surgeon between August 2004 and September 2005 were reviewed. Cases were matched with a historical cohort undergoing elective open colectomy (OC) between June 2003 and July 2004. Demography, perioperative data, histopathology and cost were compared. Results:, Both groups had similar demographics. Most resections (90.6%) were for cancer. Operative time was significantly longer for LC compared to OC (180 min vs 110 min, P < 0.001). Four patients (12.5%) in the LC group required conversion. LC patients, however, had lower median pain scores (3, 2 and 1 vs 6, 4 and 2 at 24, 48 and 72 h postoperatively, P < 0.001), faster resolution of ileus (3 vs 4 days, P < 0.001) and earlier discharge (6 vs 9 days, P < 0.001) compared to the OC group. As a result, overall hospital cost for both procedures was not significantly different (US$7943 vs US$7253, P = 0.41). Conclusion:, Laparoscopic colectomy is as cost-beneficial in the short term as open colectomy. [source] Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pamapimod, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, in a double-blind, methotrexate-controlled study of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis,ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2009Stanley B. Cohen Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of pamapimod (a selective inhibitor of the ,-isoform of p38 MAP kinase) as monotherapy in comparison with methotrexate (MTX) treatment in adult patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and received 12 weeks of double-blind treatment. One group received MTX (7.5 mg/week with planned escalation to 20 mg/week), and 3 groups received pamapimod (50, 150, or 300 mg) once daily. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR20 response) at 12 weeks. Secondary end points included ACR50 and ACR70 responses, change from baseline in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), categorical analyses of DAS28/European League Against Rheumatism response, and change from baseline in each parameter of the ACR core set of measures. Safety monitoring included recording of adverse events (AEs), laboratory testing, immunology assessments, administration of electrocardiograms, and assessment of vital signs. Results Patients assigned to receive MTX and pamapimod had similar demographics and baseline characteristics. At week 12, fewer patients taking pamapimod had an ACR20 response (23%, 18%, and 31% in the 50-, 150-, and 300-mg groups, respectively) compared with patients taking MTX (45%). Secondary efficacy end points showed a similar pattern. AEs were typically characterized as mild and included infections, skin disorders, and dizziness. Pamapimod was generally well tolerated, but the 300-mg dose appeared to be more toxic than either the 2 lower doses or MTX. Conclusion The present results showed that pamapimod was not as effective as MTX in the treatment of active RA. [source] A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Analgesic Efficacy of Ketorolac versus Butorphanol for Patients with Suspected Biliary Colic in the Emergency DepartmentACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 8 2008Jon C. Olsen MD Abstract Objectives:, Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected biliary colic often require intravenous (IV) analgesia. The choice of IV analgesia typically includes opioids and ketorolac. Although ultrasound (US) is the initial diagnostic study in these patients, nondiagnostic scans and a high clinical suspicion may require the patient to undergo hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HIDA). Opioids such as morphine interfere with the HIDA scan and thus may limit its value as an analgesic in the ED for these patients. Analgesics that do not interfere with HIDA scanning include ketorolac and butorphanol, an opioid agonist,antagonist. This study evaluates the efficacy of IV ketorolac compared to butorphanol for the treatment of biliary colic pain in the ED. Methods:, Between June 2005 and February 2007, a convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain suspected to be biliary colic were randomized to receive either 30 mg of IV ketorolac or 1 mg of IV butorphanol. Pain level was assessed using a 1 to 10 "faces" visual analog pain scale initially, as well as 15 and 30 minutes after medication infusion. Side effect profiles and the need for rescue analgesia were also assessed. Patients and clinicians were blinded to the study drug given. Results:, Forty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Both groups had similar demographics and baseline pain scores. The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) pain score in the butorphanol group decreased from 7.1 (±1.7) to 2.1 (±2.2) after 30 minutes. The mean (±SD) pain score in the ketorolac group decreased from 7.4 (±2.0) to 3.1 (±3.3) after 30 minutes. Both groups had similar needs for rescue analgesia. Side effects included dizziness and sedation with butorphanol and nausea with ketorolac. Conclusions:, Although limited by small sample size and convenience sample, this study demonstrates that both ketorolac and butorphanol provide pain relief in biliary colic. Both agents should be considered reasonable options in the ED treatment of biliary colic, especially in patients that may undergo HIDA. [source] Oral ciprofloxacin plus colistin: prophylaxis against bacterial infection in neutropenic patients.BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2001A strategy for the prevention of emergence of antimicrobial resistance Following a 2-year study, the combination of oral ciprofloxacin and colistin has been used continuously for 10 years without the emergence of resistance. During a 2-year period (1987,1989), we compared ciprofloxacin + colistin (CIP + COL) with neomycin + colistin (NEO + COL) in a randomized trial , combinations chosen because of the potential for prophylaxis of Gram-negative infection by ciprofloxacin, with colistin given to reduce the risk of emergence of resistance. Sixty-four patients with similar demographics in each arm were evaluable for efficacy analysis. Patients on CIP + COL had a significantly lower proportion of neutropenic days with fever (P < 0·001) and neutropenic days on intravenous antibiotics (P < 0·001) than patients on NEO + COL. A total of 54 (15 bacteriologically documented) pyrexial episodes occurred in patients on CIP + COL and 77 (41 bacteriologically documented) in patients on NEO + COL. Only two Gram-negative bacterial infections occurred in the CIP + COL arm compared with 16 in the NEO + COL arm. No Staphylococcus aureus infections occurred in the CIP + COL group compared with 10 in the other patients. Two CIP-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from patients on CIP + COL compared with 13 NEO-resistant Gram-negative bacilli from patients on NEO + COL. Following a subsequent decade of unchanged use of this prophylactic strategy in neutropenic patients, a 2-year follow-up study between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 1999 showed 66 significant infections during 350,400 neutropenic episodes. Eight of the 111 (7·2%) isolates were with ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms, involving 2% of the neutropenic episodes, indicating that the strategy of combining colistin with ciprofloxacin has been effective in the prevention of Gram-negative sepsis in neutropenic patients without the emergence of significant resistance despite widespread concurrent hospital and community use of the quinolones. [source] | ||||||||||