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Silicate Glasses (silicate + glasses)
Selected AbstractsComposition-Induced Variations in SIMS Instrumental Mass Fractionation during Boron Isotope Ratio Measurements of Silicate GlassesGEOSTANDARDS & GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008Martin Rosner isotopes du bore; SIMS; effet de matrice; matériaux vitreux de référence; fractionnement de masse instrumental An analytical artefact is reported here related to differences in instrumental mass fractionation between NIST SRM glasses and natural geological glasses during SIMS boron isotope determinations. The data presented demonstrated an average 3.4, difference between the NIST glasses and natural basaltic to rhyolitic glasses mainly in terms of their sputtering-induced fractionation of boron isotopes. As no matrix effect was found among basaltic to rhyolitic glasses, instrumental mass fractionation of most natural glass samples can be corrected by using appropriate glass reference materials. In order to confirm the existence of the compositionally induced variations in boron SIMS instrumental mass bias, the observed offset in SIMS instrumental mass bias has been independently reproduced in two laboratories and the phenomenon has been found to be stable over a period of more than one year. This study highlights the need for a close match between the chemical composition of the reference material and the samples being investigated. Nous montrons l'existence d'un artefact analytique reliéà différents fractionnements de masse instrumentaux, observés sur les verres NIST SRM et des verres naturels durant des mesures des isotopes de bore par SIMS. Les données montrent une différence d'environ 3.4, entre les verres NIST et les verres naturels, de composition variant de basaltique à rhyolitique, en termes de fractionnement des isotopes du bore principalement induit par le phénomène de dispersion. Comme aucun effet de matrice n'a été observé entre les verres basaltiques et les verres rhyolitiques, le fractionnement de masse instrumental de la plupart des verres naturels peut être corrigé en utilisant des verres de références appropriés. Dans le but de confirmer l'existence de biais de masse liéà la composition lors de mesure du bore par SIMS, nous avons reproduit indépendamment le décalage observé entre deux laboratoires et ce phénomène s'est révélé stable sur une période de plus d'un an. Cette étude met en lumière le besoin d'ajuster précisément les compositions chimiques des matériaux de référence et des échantillons à analyser. [source] Structure of Silicate Glasses and Melts at High Pressure: Quantum Chemical Calculations and Solid-State NMR.CHEMINFORM, Issue 28 2004Sung Keun Lee No abstract is available for this article. [source] Alumina/Alumina and Alumina-Zirconia/Alumina-Zirconia Joints Through Glass Interlayers, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Residual StressesADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 6 2005G. Faga As alternative to traditional joining methods, Ca-Al silicate glasses were used to self-bond alumina and alumina-zirconia ceramics under different processing conditions. Microstructures, mechanical properties and residual stress studies have shown glassy interlayer characteristics to be correlated with the chemistry of the starting glasses and of the ceramics. [source] Plasmonic Enhancement or Energy Transfer?ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 13 2009Its Potential for Light-Emitting Devices, Lanthanide-Doped Silicate Glasses, On the Luminescence of Gold-, Silver- Abstract With the technique of synchrotron X-ray activation, molecule-like, non-plasmonic gold and silver particles in soda-lime silicate glasses can be generated. The luminescence energy transfer between these species and lanthanide(III) ions is studied. As a result, a significant lanthanide luminescence enhancement by a factor of up to 250 under non-resonant UV excitation is observed. The absence of a distinct gold and silver plasmon resonance absorption, respectively, the missing nanoparticle signals in previous SAXS and TEM experiments, the unaltered luminescence lifetime of the lanthanide ions compared to the non-enhanced case, and an excitation maximum at 300,350,nm (equivalent to the absorption range of small noble metal particles) indicate unambiguously that the observed enhancement is due to a classical energy transfer between small noble metal particles and lanthanide ions, and not to a plasmonic field enhancement effect. It is proposed that very small, molecule-like noble metal particles (such as dimers, trimers, and tetramers) first absorb the excitation light, undergo a singlet-triplet intersystem crossing, and finally transfer the energy to an excited multiplet state of adjacent lanthanide(III) ions. X-ray lithographic microstructuring and excitation with a commercial UV LED show the potential of the activated glass samples as bright light-emitting devices with tunable emission colors. [source] Quantitative Raman spectroscopy: speciation of cesium silicate glassesJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 12 2009Wim J. Malfait Abstract The silicate speciation forms an important aspect of the structure of silicate melts, a subject of interest to both the earth- and materials science communities. In this study, the Qn speciation of binary cesium silicate glasses was studied by Raman spectroscopy. A method to extract the equilibrium constant from a set of Raman spectra is presented, and the least-squares optimization algorithm is given (in Supporting Information). Log(K), the equilibrium constant of the speciation reaction, 2Q3 = Q4 + Q2, equals ,2.72 ± 0.11 at the glass transition. This extends the previously established correlation between log(K) and the inverse of the ionic radius of the network modifier to cesium. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Boson Peak, Elastic Properties, and Rigidification Induced by the Substitution of Nitrogen for Oxygen in Oxynitride GlassesJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 10 2010Nicolas F. Richet The effects of the substitution of nitrogen for oxygen on the heat capacity and vibrational entropy of three yttrium aluminosilicate glasses with 0, 3.4, and 7.4 mol% Si3N4 have been investigated from 10 to 300 K. The partial molar heat capacity and entropy of Si3N4 calculated from these and previous measurements indicate stronger average bonding than for SiO2 units, whereas the values derived for Y2O3 are consistent with the dual network modifying and Al3+ charge-compensating role of yttrium. The low-frequency part of the vibrational densities of states g(,) and the boson peaks g(,)/,2 derived from the inversion of the heat capacities indicate that nitrogen rigidifies the TO4 (T=Si, Al) tetrahedral network and that yttrium hampers the librational motion of the AlO4 tetrahedra, which contribute to the excitations associated with the boson peak. Along with data reported previously for borate and silicate glasses, these results for oxynitrides show a general monotonically increasing relation between transverse acoustic velocities and the temperature of the calorimetric boson peak. Illustrating the universal phenomenology of the boson peak, all these data collapse on the same master curve when plotted in a reduced form. [source] Characterization of Phase Separation and Thermal History Effects in Magnesium Silicate Glass Fibers by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 1 2009Jonathan F. Stebbins Liquid,liquid immiscibility, leading to the separation of silica-rich and silica-poor domains, is a common phenomenon in binary silicate glasses, but can be difficult to detect and characterize when rapid cooling results in nano-scale domain dimensions. 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be very useful for detecting such phase separation, because the exclusion of paramagnetic impurity ions from the silica-rich regions can greatly slow their spin-lattice relaxation rates. Properly designed experiments can therefore largely isolate the NMR signals from high-silica and low-silica domains, and thus provide information about their proportions, compositions, and short- to intermediate-range structures. We demonstrate this approach here for fiber glasses that are predominantly magnesium, or calcium-magnesium silicates, with minor contents of alumina. For bulk compositions within the known region of stable liquid immiscibility, phase separation occurs even when extremely rapid cooling yields fibers less than 1 ,m in mean diameter. Slower cooling increases the extent of separation, while the addition of small amounts of alumina reduces it. [source] Saturated absorption and reverse saturated absorption of Cu:SiO2 at , = 532 nmPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 3 2004R. A. Ganeev Abstract Nonlinear absorption in copper-doped silicate glasses was investigated by the Z-scan technique using second harmonic radiation of a Nd:YAG laser (, = 532 nm, , = 55 ps). The simultaneous influence of saturated and reverse saturated nonlinear absorption processes was analyzed. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and the saturation intensity of copper-doped glasses at laser intensity of 5.4 × 109 W cm,2 were measured to be 6 × 10,6 cm W,1 and 4.3 × 108 W cm,2, respectively. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | |||||||||||||