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Significant Volume (significant + volume)
Selected AbstractsUNITED KINGDOM-AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND TRADE RELATIONSECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 4 2006MALCOLM ABBOTT The United Kingdom has had a long and important history of trade relations with Australia and New Zealand. Although trade declined, both in absolute and relative importance, during the late 1960s and 1970s there still exists a large and significant volume of trade between them, and the relative and absolute decline in this trade does appear to have been halted. In this paper the trading relationship between the United Kingdom on the one hand and New Zealand and Australia on the other is analysed and the prospects of future trade between them is examined. Overall it is expected that the United Kingdom and Australia/New Zealand trade relations will grow in importance rather than decline as they did before 1985. [source] The Relationship between Hospital Volume and Mortality in Mechanical Ventilation: An Instrumental Variable AnalysisHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009Jeremy M. Kahn Objective. To examine the relationship between hospital volume and mortality for nonsurgical patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Data Sources. Pennsylvania state discharge records from July 1, 2004, to June 30, 2006, linked to the Pennsylvania Department of Health death records and the 2000 United States Census. Study Design. We categorized all general acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania (n=169) by the annual number of nonsurgical, mechanically ventilated discharges according to previous criteria. To estimate the relationship between annual volume and 30-day mortality, we fit linear probability models using administrative risk adjustment, clinical risk adjustment, and an instrumental variable approach. Principle Findings. Using a clinical measure of risk adjustment, we observed a significant reduction in the probability of 30-day mortality at higher volume hospitals (,300 admissions per year) compared with lower volume hospitals (<300 patients per year; absolute risk reduction: 3.4%, p=.04). No significant volume,outcome relationship was observed using only administrative risk adjustment. Using the distance from the patient's home to the nearest higher volume hospital as an instrument, the volume,outcome relationship was greater than observed using clinical risk adjustment (absolute risk reduction: 7.0%, p=.01). Conclusions. Care in higher volume hospitals is independently associated with a reduction in mortality for patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Adequate risk adjustment is essential in order to obtained unbiased estimates of the volume,outcome relationship. [source] Characterization of the Products Formed by the Reaction of Trichlorocyanuric Acid with 2-PropanolJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 6 2009P. Mark L. Sandercock Ph.D. Abstract:, We report a recent investigation into the death of a cat that was initially thought to involve intentionally burning the animal via the use of an ignitable liquid. The exposure of the animal to flame was ruled out. Instead, forensic investigation revealed the intentional mixing together of a common outdoor swimming pool chlorinator, trichlorocyanuric acid (TCCA), and 2-propanol (aka, isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol). The reaction of these two chemicals resulted in the formation of cyanuric acid residue, hydrochloric acid, and the evolution of a significant volume of chlorine gas. Further ,-chlorination side reactions also occurred between 2-propanol and TCCA to produce a variety of chlorinated 2-propanone species that were detected on the submitted evidence. The identification of the products of both the main reaction and the side reactions allowed the authors to determine what chemicals were originally mixed together by the culprit. [source] Solubilisation of proteins from rayfish residues by endogenous and commercial enzymesJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2004Laura Pastoriza Abstract The aim of the present study was to design methods for the digestion of fish proteins from processing wastes, leading to new possibilities for little-used species or those generating a significant volume of residues. Residues of rayfish (Raja clavata) were used for the solubilisation of protein by hydrolysis treatment. The kinetics of hydrolysis was studied using rayfish enzymes, either by autolysis of the protein in a triturate of the raw material or by application of a multi-enzyme preparation previously extracted from the viscera of the species. Their effectiveness was compared with that of two commercial enzymes, papain and pepsin. Optimum conditions of hydrolysis and enzymatic activity for digestion with rayfish enzymes were ascertained. The yield of material and the efficiency of digestion in each of the hydrolysis processes are reported. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||