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Significant Strain (significant + strain)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	50%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

The influence of strain of Holstein-Friesian dairy cow and pasture-based feeding system on grazing behaviour, intake and milk production

GRASS & FORAGE SCIENCE, Issue 1 2007
S. McCarthy
Abstract A comparative study of grazing behaviour, herbage intake and milk production of three strains of Holstein-Friesian dairy cow was conducted using three grass-based feeding systems over two years. The three strains of Holstein-Friesian cows were: high production North American (HP), high durability North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ). The three grass-based feeding systems were: high grass allowance (MP), high concentrate (HC) and high stocking rate (HS). In each year seventy-two pluriparous cows, divided equally between strains of Holstein-Friesian and feeding systems were used. Strain of Holstein-Friesian cow and feeding system had significant effects on grazing behaviour, dry matter (DM) intake and milk production. The NZ strain had the longest grazing time while the HD strain had the shortest. The grazing time of cows in the HC system was shorter than those in both the HS and MP systems. There was a significant strain of Holstein-Friesian cow by feeding system interaction for DM intake of grass herbage and milk production. The NZ strain had the highest substitution rate with the HP strain having the lowest. Hence, response in milk production to concentrate was much greater with the HP than the NZ strain. Reduction in milk yield as a consequence of a higher stocking rate (MP vs. HS system) was, however, greater for the HP and HD strains compared with the NZ strain. The results suggest that differences in grazing behaviour are important in influencing DM intake and milk production. [source]

Financial Reporting for Private Companies: The Canadian Experience,

ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2009
Morina D. Rennie
ABSTRACT The issue of whether small and/or private companies should be allowed to use simplified accounting standards in financial reports has concerned the accounting profession for decades. It has been argued that preparing financial reports in accordance with the large volume of promulgated standards contained in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), some of which are relatively complex, has put a significant strain on the resources of small/private business. Moreover, information produced and presented in accordance with at least some accounting standards within GAAP may not be relevant for the users of small/private companies' financial statements. In this paper we look at differential reporting in Canadian GAAP, which gives nonpublicly accountable enterprises the ability to opt out of certain CICA Handbook requirements with unanimous consent of the shareholders. We look at lobbying activity in response to the proposed differential reporting standard and at nonpublicly accountable company experience with the differential reporting opportunity in the period since the standard was promulgated. [source]

Economic Impacts of Technology, Population Growth And Soil Erosion At Watershed Level: The Case Of the Ginchi in Ethiopia

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2004
B.N. Okumu
A dynamic bio-economic model is used to show that, without technological and policy intervention, soil loss levels, income and nutrition could not be substantially or sustainably improved in a highland area of Ethiopia. Although cash incomes could rise by more than 40% over a twelve-year planning period, average per ha soil losses could be as high as 31 tonnes per ha. With the adoption of an integrated package of new technologies, however, results show the possibility of an average two-and-a-half-fold increase in cash incomes and a 28% decline in aggregate erosion levels even with a population growth rate of 2.3%. Moreover, a minimum daily calorie intake of 2000 per adult equivalent could be met from on-farm production with no significant increases in erosion. However, higher rates of growth in nutritional requirements and population introduce significant strains on the watershed system. From a policy perspective, there is a need for a more secure land tenure policy than currently prevailing to facilitate uptake of the new technology package, and a shift from the current livestock management strategy to one that encourages livestock keeping as a commercial enterprise. It would also imply a shift to a more site-specific approach to land management. [source]

Why are the continents just so,?

JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
M. SANDIFORD
Abstract Variations in gravitational potential energy contribute to the intraplate stress field thereby providing the means by which lithospheric density structure is communicated at the plate scale. In this light, the near equivalence in the gravitational potential energy of typical continental lithosphere with the mid-ocean ridges is particularly intriguing. Assuming this equivalence is not simply a chance outcome of continental growth, it then probably involves long-term modulation of the density configuration of the continents via stress regimes that are able to induce significant strains over geological time. Following this notion, this work explores the possibility that the emergence of a chemically, thermally and mechanically structured continental lithosphere reflects a set of thermally sensitive feedback mechanisms in response to Wilson cycle oscillatory forcing about an ambient stress state set by the mid-ocean ridge system. Such a hypothesis requires the continents are weak enough to sustain long-term (108 years) strain rates of the order of ,10,17 s,1 as suggested by observations that continental lithosphere is almost everywhere critically stressed, by estimates of seismogenic strain rates in stable continental interiors such as Australia and by the low-temperature thermochronological record of the continents that requires significant relief generation on the 108 year time-scale. Furthermore, this notion provides a mechanism that helps explain interpretations of recently published heat flow data that imply the distribution of heat-producing elements within the continents may be tuned to produce a characteristic thermal regime at Moho depths. [source]