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Significant Lowering (significant + lowering)
Selected AbstractsBudesonide delivered by dosimetric jet nebulization to preterm very low birthweight infants at high risk for development of chronic lung diseaseACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2000B Jónsson We investigated the effect of an aerosolized corticosteroid (budesonide) on the oxygen requirement of infants at high risk for developing chronic lung disease (CLD) in a randomized, double-blind study. The study objective was to attain a 30% decrease in FiO2 levels in the budesonide treatment group after 14 d of therapy. Thirty very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (median (range)) gestational age 26 wk (23,29) and birthweight 805 g (525,1227) were randomized. Inclusion criteria were mechanical ventilation on day 6 of life, or if extubated on nasal continuous positive airway pressure with FiO2± 0.3. The budesonide (PulmicortÔ dose was 500 ,g bid, or placebo. The aerosol was delivered with a dosimetric jet nebulizer, with variable inspiratory time and breath sensitivity. Inhalations were started on day 7 of life. Twenty-seven patients completed the study. A significant lowering of the FiO2 levels at 21 d of life was not detected. Infants who received budesonide were more often extubated during the study period (7/8 vs 2/9) and had a greater relative change from baseline in their oxygenation index (budesonide decreased 26% vs placebo increased 60%). Subsequent use of intravenous dexamethasone or inhaled budesonide in the treatment group was significantly less. All patients required O2 supplementation on day 28 of life. At 36 wk postconceptual age, 61% of infants in the budesonide group needed supplemental O2 as opposed to 79% in the placebo group. No side effects on growth or adrenal function were observed Conclusion: We conclude that inhaled budesonide aerosol via dosimetric jet nebulizer started on day 7 of life for infants at high risk for developing CLD decreases the need for mechanical ventilation similar to intravenous dexamethasone, but without significant side effects. [source] Guest-Induced Chirality in the Ferrimagnetic Nanoporous Diamond Framework Mn3(HCOO)6,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2007B. Zhang Abstract Chiral magnets are obtained by inclusion of chiral guest molecules into the channels of an achiral nanoporous ferrimagnet consisting of the Mn3(HCOO)6 (1) framework. Insertion of the R or the S enantiomer of 2-chloropropan-1-ol (CH3C*HClCH2OH) in the chiral pores of the previously emptied framework (space group P21/c) results in the two corresponding chiral solids (1R and 1S, space group P21), while insertion of a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers retains the achirality of the host for the meso solid (1RS, space group P21/c). The R guest is ordered in the M channels while the S guest is ordered in the P channels. In contrast, the R guests in the P channels and the S guests in the M channels are disordered on two crystallographic orientations. For the racemic mixture of the two enantiomers in 1RS, random disorder of guests in both channels is observed. Thus, the localization of the guest molecule depends on the nature of the surface to recognize the guest of a particular chirality. The guest inclusion compounds are thermally stable. The 1R and 1S compounds are optically active. All the compounds adopt a ferrimagnetic ground state. Compared to the host framework of 1 without guest, the Curie temperature decreases for both 1R and 1S but increases for 1RS. The additional interactions between the framework and the inserted guest alcohols strengthen the lattice via hydrogen bonds and other electrostatic forces, and it might account for the significant lowering of the lattice contribution as well as the magnetic component to the specific heat capacity upon guest loading. [source] Structure Characterization of HSQ Films for Low Dielectrics Uses D4 as Sacrificial Porous MaterialsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 6 2007Guiqin Yin Hydrogensilsesquioxane (HSQ) (low- k) films were prepared by spin-on deposition using D4 (octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane) as a sacrificial porous material. The dielectric constant of silica films significantly changed from 3.0 to 2.2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the network structure and cage structure of the Si,O,Si bond and other bonds that may appear. We studied the structural and electrical properties of the spin-coated films prepared by mixing HSQ and D4 films after oxygen plasma exposure for 5 min, and studied the structural recovery of the damage by annealing at 350°C for 1.5 h in a nitrogen (N2) ambient. This structure results in significant lowering of the dielectric constant (k) on annealing at 350°C for 1.5 h in an N2 ambient and improvement in the leakage current density. [source] Antihyperglycaemic flavonoids from Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and PerryPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005Ma. Hanshella C. Resurreccion-Magno Abstract 2,,4,-Dihydroxy-3,,5,-dimethyl-6,-methoxychalcone 1, its isomeric flavanone 5-O-methyl-4,-desmethoxymatteucinol 2 and 2,4,-dihydroxy-6,-methoxy-3,-methylchalcone 3 were isolated from the leaves of S. samarangense using a bioassay-directed scheme. In an oral glucose tolerance test, at a dosage of 1.0 mg[sol ]20 g mouse, 1 and 2 significantly (, = 0.05) lowered the blood glucose levels (BGLs) in glucose-hyperglycaemic mice when administered 15 min after a glucose load. When co-administered with glucose, only 1 showed a significant lowering of BGLs 45 min after its oral administration. When administered 15 min before glucose, none of the flavonoids showed a positive effect. Only 1 decreased significantly, at , = 0.05, the BGLs of alloxan-diabetic mice at t = 90,150 min. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||