Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Significant Events (significant + event)
Selected AbstractsSuspended sediment transport regime in a debris-flow gully on Vancouver Island, British ColumbiaHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Issue 4 2005Craig J. Nistor Abstract In debris-flow-prone channels, normal fluvial sediment transport occurs (nearly exclusively in suspended mode) between episodic debris-flow events. Observations of suspended sediment transport through a winter season in a steepland gully in logged terrain revealed two event types. When flows exceeded a threshold of 270 l s,1, events yielded significant quantities of sediment and suspended sediment concentration increased with flow. Smaller events were strongly ,supply limited'; sediment concentration decreased as flow increased. Overall, there is no consistent correlation between runoff and sediment yield. Within the season, three subseasons were identified (demarcated by periods of freezing weather) within which a pattern of fine sediment replenishment and evacuation occurred. Finally, a signature of fine sediment mobilization and exhaustion was observed within individual events. Fine sediment transport occurred in discrete pulses within storm periods, most of the yield occurring within 5 to 15% of storm runoff duration, so that it is unlikely that scheduled sampling programs would identify significant transport. Significant events are, however, generally forecastable on the basis of regional heavy rainfall warnings, providing a basis for targeted observations. Radiative snowmelt events and rain-on-snow remain difficult to forecast, since the projection of temperatures from the nearest regular weather station yields variable results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Involvement of fumarate hydratase in nonsyndromic uterine leiomyomas: Genetic linkage analysis and FISH studiesGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 3 2004Karen L. Gross Recently, germline mutations of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene, in 1q42.1, have been found to be involved in syndromes associated with uterine leiomyomas (ULs). Compelling evidence also supports a genetic liability to develop nonsyndromic UL, although susceptibility genes have not been reported to date. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies have found no or rare evidence of LOH of FH in nonsyndromic UL. However, the karyotypes of these tumors were not reported, and cytogenetic aberrations of 1q42,44 have been observed infrequently in UL. To determine whether FH mutations also may predispose women to developing nonsyndromic UL, we performed a genetic linkage study with DNA from 123 families containing at least one affected sister pair. In addition, to assess the frequency of FH loss specifically in UL with 1q rearrangements, we performed a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of UL with 1q rearrangements. Analysis of the genotyping data revealed evidence suggestive of linkage to the FH region among study participants who were less than 40 years of age at diagnosis (Zlr 1.7 at D1S547, P = 0.04). FISH results showed that one copy of FH was absent in 9 of 11 ULs. These data indicate that loss of FH might be a significant event in the pathogenesis of a subset of nonsyndromic ULs. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Deformation during exhumation of medium- and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Variscan chain in northern Sardinia (Italy)GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Rodolfo Carosi Abstract The Anglona and SW Gallura regions represent key places to investigate the tectonic evolution of medium- and high-grade metamorphic rocks cropping out in northern Sardinia (Italy). From south to north we distinguish two different metamorphic complexes recording similar deformation histories but different metamorphic evolution: the Medium Grade Metamorphic Complex (MGMC) and the High Grade Metamorphic Complex (HGMC). After the initial collisional stage (D1 deformation phase), both complexes were affected by three contractional deformational phases (D2, D3 and D4) followed by later extensional tectonics. The D2 deformation phase was the most significant event producing an important deformation partitioning that produced localized shearing and folding domains at the boundary between the two metamorphic complexes. We highlight the presence of two previously undocumented systems of shear belts with different kinematics but analogous orientation in the axial zone of Sardinia. They became active at the boundary between the MGMC and HGMC from the beginning of D2. They formed a transpressive regime responsible for the exhumation of the medium- and high-grade metamorphic rocks, and overall represent a change from orthogonal to orogen-parallel tectonic transport. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Tectonic and stratigraphic significance of the Middle Ordovician carbonate breccias in the Ogcheon Belt, South KoreaISLAND ARC, Issue 3 2002In-Chang Ryu Abstract Carbonate breccias occur sporadically in the Lower,Middle Ordovician Maggol Limestone exposed in the Taebacksan Basin in the northeastern part of the northeast,southwest-trending Ogcheon Belt, South Korea. These carbonate breccias have been previously interpreted as intraformational or fault-related breccias. Thus, little attention has been focused on tectonic and stratigraphic significance of these carbonate breccias. The present study, however, indicates that the majority of these carbonate breccias are solution,collapse breccias, which are causally linked to paleokarstification. Carbonate facies analysis in conjunction with conodont biostratigraphy suggests that an overall regression toward the top of the Maggol Limestone probably culminated in subaerial exposure of platform carbonates during the early Middle Ordovician (earliest Darriwilian). Extensive subaerial exposure of platform carbonates resulted in paleokarst-related solution,collapse breccias in the upper Maggol Limestone. This subaerial exposure event is manifested as a major paleokarst unconformity at the Sauk,Tippecanoe sequence boundary elsewhere beneath the Middle Ordovician succession and its equivalents, most notably North America and North China. Due to its global extent, this paleokarst unconformity has been viewed as a product of second- or third-order eustatic sealevel drop during the early Middle Ordovician. Although a paleokarst breccia zone is recognized beneath the Middle Ordovician succession in South Korea, the Sauk,Tippecanoe sequence boundary appears to be a conformable transgressive surface on the top of the paleokarst breccia zone in the upper Maggol Limestone. The paleokarst breccia zone beneath the conformable transgressive surface is represented by a thinning-upward stack of exposure-capped tidal flat-dominated cycles that are closely associated with multiple occurrences of paleokarst-related solution,collapse breccias. This paleokarst breccia zone was a likely consequence of repeated fourth- and fifth-order sealevel fluctuations. It suggests that second- and third-order eustatic sealevel drop may have been significantly tempered by substantial tectonic subsidence near the end of the Maggol deposition. The tectonic subsidence in the basin is also evidenced by the occurrence of coeval off-platform lowstand siliciclastic quartzite lenses as well as debris flow carbonate breccias (i.e. the Yemi Breccia). With the continued tectonic subsidence, subsequent rise in the eustatic cycle caused drowning and deep flooding of carbonate platform, forming a transgressive surface on the top of the paleokarst breccia zone. This tectonic implication contrasts notably with the slowly subsiding carbonate platform model for the basin as has been previously interpreted. Thus, it is proposed that the Taebacksan Basin in the northeastern part of the Ogcheon Belt evolved from a slowly subsiding carbonate platform to a rapidly subsiding intracontinental rift basin during the early Middle Ordovician. The proposed tectonic model in the basin gives much better insight to unravel the stratigraphic response to tectonic evolution of the Ogcheon Belt, which remains an enigmatic feature in formulating a tectonic framework of the Korean peninsula. The present study also provides a good example that the falling part of the eustatic sealevel cycle may not produce a significant event in a rapidly subsiding basin where the rate of eustatic fall always remained lower than the rate of subsidence. [source] HEALTH AND THE 1999 REGIONAL AUSTRALIA SUMMITAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2000John S. Humphreys The Regional Australia Summit brought together 282 invited delegates from all parts of Australia. The aim of the Summit was to develop partnerships between the government, business and community sectors to deliver a better future for regional, rural and remote areas facing significant change. Health was one of 12 themes discussed at the Summit. Five key health priorities were identified; the need to change the dominant metropolitan mind-set, improve access to health-care services, improve service provision and workforce training, ensure equitable resource allocation, and adopt a population health approach. The ultimate success of the Regional Australia Summit will be gauged over time by the extent to which the health, wellbeing and prosperity of rural, remote and regional Australians has been improved, and existing problems and issues addressed. Nonetheless, the Summit is a significant event because it addresses issues at the highest level of government, emphasises coordination and the adoption of an intersectoral approach, and recognises the need to empower local communities and build partnerships between the government, corporate and community sectors. [source] Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 6q correlates with decreased thrombospondin-2 expression in human salivary gland carcinomasCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2003Munehiro Kishi Since loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the long arm of chromosome 6q is frequently observed in salivary gland carcinomas, we examined 28 salivary gland carcinomas using 24 microsat-ellite markers mapping to 6q15,27 to identify the commonly deleted region that we felt might contain one or more tumor suppressor genes. LOH was detected in at least one locus in 10 of 28 tumors (35.7%). The most frequently deleted regions occurred between D6S1581 and D6S305 (LOH cluster region 1 (LCR1) and between D6S297 and D6S1590 (LCR2). LOH was observed in 60% of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and in 57.1% of mucoepider-moid carcinomas (MEC), but was not observed in any locus in any other histological subtypes studied. The gene encoding for thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) is located in LCR2 and 8 of 9 tumors demonstrating LOH in this region also showed significantly decreased TSP-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. As TSP-2 is a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis, we examined whether TSP-2 expression correlated to microvascular angiogenesis in these tumors and discovered that microvessel counts were significantly higher in lesions with decreased TSP-2 expression (P=0.02). Our results suggest that 6q LOH may be a significant event in salivary gland carcinogenesis, particularly in ACC and MEC, and that the correlated decrease of TSP-2 expression also plays a critical role. [source] Sirolimus-induced signaling modifications in Kaposi's sarcoma with resolution in a liver transplant recipientCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2010Cheng-Maw Ho Ho C-M, Huang S-F, Hu R-H, Ho M-C, Wu Y-M, Lee P-H. Sirolimus-induced signaling modifications in Kaposi's sarcoma with resolution in a liver transplant recipient. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 127,132. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:, Sirolimus is one treatment option in transplant recipients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which involves dysregulation of Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Signal modifications after sirolimus therapy in organ recipients with KS are largely unknown and not verified. We reported a case of KS found two yr after liver transplantation in which the immunosuppression was changed from tacrolimus, MMF, and steroid to sirolimus alone. In skin, which was found to have persistent KS after a two-month treatment of sirolimus and was removed completely one yr later, KS was no longer present. The patient went well without graft rejection. Tumor biopsies were performed before, two months, and one yr after the start of sirolimus. Immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p70 S6 kinase, and Western blot for p-tuberin/ tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2 was performed. VEGF was suppressed thoroughly in two-month use of sirolimus. In addition, p-Akt and p-mTOR, which were decreased at two months, could not be detected after one yr of treatment. Moreover, p-p70 S6 kinase, expressed strongly in overlying epidermis initially, was suppressed completely after two months of treatment. However, p-tuberin/TSC2, contrary to suggested theoretically, was not detected through all specimens, implying not to be a significant event. Suppressed expression of VEGF, p-Akt, and p-mTOR was the major event of signaling modification through the long-term use of sirolimus. [source] Past Times: Temporal Structuring of History and MemoryETHOS, Issue 2 2006Kevin Birth In On Collective Memory, Maurice Halbwachs asks, "Why does society establish landmarks in time that are placed close together,and usually in a very irregular manner, since for certain periods they are almost entirely lacking,whereas around such salient events sometimes many other equally salient events seem to gather, just as street signs and other signposts multiply as a tourist attraction approaches?" (1992:175). The recognition of the "irregular manner" of history and memory only emerges in contrast to a concept of the regularity of time implied by objectifying chronologies. Furthermore, such irregularity suggests that concepts of time other than chronology are crucial for understanding representations of the past, and experiences of the past in the present. This article draws on nondirected interviews conducted in rural Trinidad in which subjects discussed significant events in their lives. In examining this material, I address Halbwachs's question by emphasizing nonchronological, cultural models of time that organize autobiographical narratives. These cultural models position autobiographical narratives in space and connect them to events of historical significance. [time, memory, intersubjectivity, labor, Trinidad] [source] Putting the Five-Factor Model Into Context: Evidence Linking Big Five Traits to Narrative IdentityJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2006Peter Raggatt ABSTRACT The study examined relationships between the Big Five personality traits and thematic content extracted from self-reports of life history data. One hundred and five "mature age" university students (M=30.1 years) completed the NEO PI-R trait measure, and the Personality Web Protocol. The protocol examines constituents of identity by asking participants to describe 24 key "attachments" from their life histories (significant events, people, places, objects, and possessions). Participants sorted these attachments into clusters and provided a self-descriptive label for each cluster (e.g., "adventurous self"). It was predicted that the thematic content of these cluster labels would be systematically related to Big Five trait scores (e.g., that labels referring to strength or positive emotions would be linked to Extraversion). The hypothesized links were obtained for each of the Big Five trait domains except Conscientiousness. Results are discussed with a view to broadening our understanding of the Five-Factor Model in relation to units of personality other than traits. [source] Systematic review: adverse event reports for oral sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycolALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 1 2009J. BELSEY Summary Background, Screening colonoscopy exposes healthy patients to the risk of serious adverse events associated with bowel preparation. Randomized controlled trials are not an effective method for evaluating this risk. Aim, To search published literature in order to characterize the risk of adverse events associated with oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) or sodium phosphate (NaP). Methods, A systematic review identified case reports of any serious events associated with PEG or NaP. Reports to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were also examined. Results, Fifty-eight publications of significant events in 109 patients using NaP and 22 patients using PEG were identified. As the total number of prescriptions issued is unknown, rates for the two agents cannot be directly compared. Most commonly reported were electrolyte disturbances, renal failure and colonic ulceration for NaP and Mallory,Weiss tear, electrolyte disturbances and allergic reactions for PEG between January 2006 and December 2007; there were 171 cases of renal failure reported to the FDA following use of NaP and 10 following PEG. Conclusions, Adverse events following bowel preparation are uncommon, but potentially serious. Given that many of these patients are healthy individuals undergoing screening, the benefit/risk ratio must be carefully considered when deciding which preparation to prescribe in individual patients. [source] The hepatotoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2004J. H. Rubenstein Summary Background :,Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been implicated in reports of liver injury. However, the precise risk of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for this rare complication is unknown. Aim :,To review systematically the published literature of population-based epidemiological studies reporting the incidence or comparative risk of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for liver injury resulting in clinically significant events, defined as hospitalization or death. Data extraction :,Duplicate extraction of the methodological quality, design, source, population, years studied, particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs studied, definitions, patient counts and follow-up, and the adjustment for confounders. Results :,Seven articles met inclusion criteria. The comparative risk of liver injury resulting in hospitalization for current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users compared with past non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users ranged from 1.2 to 1.7, but none was statistically significant. The incidence of liver injury resulting in hospitalization ranged from 3.1 to 23.4/100 000 patient-years of current use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with an excess risk compared with past non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs users of 4.8,8.6/100 000 patient-years of exposure. There were zero deaths from liver injury associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in over 396 392 patient-years of cumulative exposure. Conclusion :,These findings allow for the possibility of a small increase in the risk of clinically relevant hepatotoxicity with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, but do not document that such a risk occurs. [source] Anthropology in the Public Sphere, 2008: Emerging Trends and Significant ImpactsAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2009Melissa Checker ABSTRACT The themes, trends, and significant events of 2008 demonstrate that anthropology has established a new foothold in the public sphere,one that makes the most of novel forms of communication to reach far beyond the ivory tower to disseminate knowledge widely and freely. This review focuses on six topical areas of robust anthropological research in 2008 that also addressed some of the year's most pressing problems and issues, including the following: (1) war and peace; (2) climate change; (3) natural, industrial, and development-induced disaster recovery; (4) human rights; (5) health disparities; and (6) racial understanding, politics, and equity in the United States. It concludes by addressing some emerging issues in 2009 that especially require anthropological attention and insight, if we are to move beyond "business as usual."[Keywords: practicing anthropology, public anthropology, 2009 trends, anthropological impacts] [source] Rosuvastatin safety: a comprehensive, international pharmacoepidemiology programme,,§PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 7 2006Saga Johansson MD Abstract Results from clinical trials and clinical practice have shown statins to be generally well tolerated with a low frequency of clinically relevant side effects. Nevertheless, there are rare occasions when adverse events (AEs), sometimes serious, may occur. Rosuvastatin is the newest statin to be approved in the USA and many other countries. As part of the continued assessment of the benefit-risk profile of rosuvastatin, AstraZeneca has developed a progressive, comprehensive pharmacoepidemiology programme to complement safety data obtained from randomised clinical trials and spontaneous reporting systems, which have demonstrated that rosuvastatin has a safety profile in line with comparator statins. This programme comprises nine studies conducted in recognised centres of excellence assessing over 50,000 patients treated with rosuvastatin. It consists of three components: patient characteristics studies (four studies), safety evaluation studies (four studies); and review of data generated from the Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM) study, designed and run by an independent third party. Patient characteristics studies are designed to describe the characteristics and drug utilisation patterns of new users of rosuvastatin compared with new users of other statins in automated databases. Safety evaluation studies will examine the rates of specific AEs in different cohorts of statin users and determine risk factors for these events using data recorded prospectively in automated databases with case adjudication via medical record review. The independent PEM study will monitor any significant events recorded by general practitioners since starting rosuvastatin treatment. This article is an overview of the rationale and methodology of the rosuvastatin pharmacoepidemiology programme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] To PE or not to PE: A P3-like ERP component reflecting the processing of response errorsPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009K. Richard Ridderinkhof Abstract ERP studies have highlighted several electrocortical components that can be observed when people make errors. We propose that the PE reflects processes functionally similar to those reflected in the P3 and that the PE and P3 should covary. We speculate that these processes refer to the motivational significance of rare target stimuli in case of the P3 and of salient performance errors in case of the PE. Here we investigated whether PE amplitude after errors in a Simon task is correlated specifically to varying target,target intervals in a visual oddball task, a factor known to parametrically affect P3 amplitude. The amplitude of the PE, but not the NE, was observed to covary with the effect of target,target interval on P3 amplitude. The specificity of this novel finding supports the notion that the PE and P3 reflect similar neurocognitive processes as possibly involved in the conscious processing of motivationally significant events. [source] PRICE-SETTING BEHAVIOR IN TURKISH INDUSTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM SURVEY DATATHE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, Issue 4 2008E30; D40 This study investigates the price-setting behavior of Turkish industries based on the results of a survey that was conducted by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The results show that, under normal conditions, the majority of the firms follow a time-dependent pricing rule but when significant events occur a substantial fraction of them alter their behavior to state-dependent reviewing. The median Turkish firm reviews its prices every month, but changes its prices four times a year. Price reviews and changes are affected by: the market share, price discrimination, customer type, firm size, and the existence of regulated prices. [source] Príncipe eclipsed: Commemorating the confirmation of Einstein's Theory of General RelativityANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 5 2009Gisa Weszkalnys This article reflects on the West African island of Príncipe as the venue of one of the most significant events in 20th century science, the confirmation of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity during an eclipse expedition led by Arthur Eddington. It takes as its starting point the 2009 commemoration of the event, involving international institutions promoting scientific knowledge and tourism, and overlays this with another, colonial history of Príncipe as the focus of a controversy around the alleged use of slave labour in its early 20th century cocoa plantations. What is the anthropologist's license in problematising the commemoration, and what are the specific ethnographic insights afforded by this unique event? [source] The South Pacific Stock Exchange: Is it a Market or Status Symbol?AUSTRALIAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Rajni Mala Listing on a stock exchange is one of the most significant events in a company's life cycle. Using a case study approach we examine why companies in Fiji list on a stock exchange. The various factors that have been found to motivate companies to list include enhancing their image and reputation, increasing the firm's value and introducing better financial and managerial practices. Importantly, the accessing of new sources of finance has not been a determinant of a company's listing decision. The findings imply that in emerging economies, stock exchange listing can be perceived as a status symbol. [source] THE EUROMARKETS AND THE NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT IN THE 1960SAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009John Singleton Euromarkets; New Zealand; city of London; globalisation The rapid development of the Euromarkets and the more gradual opening of the West German and other capital markets to external borrowers were significant events in the reglobalisation of financial markets beginning in the 1960s. Finding it increasingly difficult to borrow in the domestic British and US capital markets, the New Zealand government sought to take advantage of the Euromarkets. As well as providing an antipodean perspective on the early Euromarkets, this paper comments on developments in the City of London in the 1960s, and outlines the process by which a relatively inexperienced borrower set about building a communicating infrastructure that enabled relationships to be forged with overseas financial institutions. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||