Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Signalling Theory (signalling + theory)
Selected AbstractsOn the Information Content of Bank Loan-loss Disclosures: A Theory and Evidence from JapanINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCE, Issue 1 2000Scott Gibson We develop a model in which banks use loan-loss disclosures to signal private information about the credit quality of their loan portfolios. The cross-sectional predictions generated by the model are shown to help to explain previously documented counterintuitive empirical regularities for US banks. We also take advantage of a recent Japanese regulatory policy shift, which first forbade the reporting of restructured loan balances and then forced full disclosure. This policy shift allows us to address a common difficulty in testing signalling theories, in that we are able to construct a timely proxy for the private information that we allege is being signalled. Consistent with our signalling model, we find that banks taking the largest write-offs turn out later to be the strongest banks, with the fewest restructured loans. [source] Daily energy expenditure of singing great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceusJOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Dennis Hasselquist According to honest signalling theory, signals must be costly to produce to retain information about the signaller's quality. The song produced by male birds during breeding is a vocal "ornament" used for intra- and inter-sexual purposes. The energetic cost of this vocal signal remains a contentious issue. We used the doubly labelled water method to measure field metabolic rate by estimating CO2 production and then convert this to daily energy expenditure (DEE) in great reed warbler males singing under natural conditions (10 at low to moderate intensity and 7 at very high intensity from dawn to dusk). There was a significant positive relationship between singing intensity and DEE. From this relationship we extrapolated the average DEE for intensely singing males (i.e., males producing song sounds 50% of the time and hence sitting at their elevated song post in the top of a reed stem more or less continuously throughout the ,20 h of daylight) to 3.3×BMR (basal metabolic rate) and for non-singing males to 2.2×BMR. The mean DEE measured for the seven males singing with very high intensity was 3.1×BMR. The maximum measured DEE for a single male was 3.9×BMR, i.e. close to the maximum sustainable DEE (4×BMR), and the minimum DEE was 2.1×BMR for a male singing at very low intensity. These results imply that producing intensive advertising song in birds may incur a substantial cost in terms of increased energy expenditure. [source] Creating a High-Trust Organization: An Exploration into Organizational Policies that Stimulate Interpersonal Trust BuildingJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 5 2008Frédérique Six abstract We examine empirically how an organization that deliberately enhances interpersonal trust to become a significant organizational phenomenon, is different from a similar organization without explicit trust enhancement policies. The point of departure is relational signalling theory, which says that trust is a function of consistently giving off signals that indicate credible concern, to potential trustors. A matched pair of two consulting organizations, with different trust policies but otherwise similar characteristics, were studied intensively, using survey research, participant observation and half-open interviewing, focused on the generation of trust and the handling of trouble when trust was threatened or destroyed. A higher stage of trust can be reached by an inter-related set of policies: promoting a relationship-oriented culture, facilitation of unambiguous signalling, consistent induction training, creating opportunities for meeting informally, and the day-to-day management of competencies. Such policies are in principle independent of recognized contextual contingencies. [source] Foot-thumping as an alarm signal in macropodoid marsupials: prevalence and hypotheses of functionMAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 4 2006TANIA A. ROSE ABSTRACT 1Alarm signalling as a means to reduce predation risk is an important component of the behavioural repertoire of many species. It has previously been noted that many of the macropodoid marsupials (kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos) produce a foot-thump, an audible signal created by striking the ground with one or both feet, that is most likely an alarm signal. 2The prevalence of foot-thumping within the macropodoids and hypotheses of its function as an alarm signal have been poorly documented. To address this issue, we investigate the prevalence of foot-thumping in macropodoids and interpret possible function according to current alarm signalling theory. Evidence for foot-thumping was found in almost all macropodoids. In light of this, the behaviour appears to be a conservative trait that may have arisen alongside or followed the evolution of bipedal locomotion, and suggests that this trait carries significant benefits that transcend ecological and predation differences among species. 3Nine alarm signal hypotheses were explored in order to determine the function of foot-thumping in macropodoid marsupials. However, the existing evidence for consistent function remains inconclusive. Therefore, a series of predictions were developed to provide the foundation for future research to investigate more thoroughly the function of foot-thumping in macropodoid marsupials. [source] | |||||||||||||