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Simultaneous Combination (simultaneous + combination)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	40%
Life Sciences	40%

Selected Abstracts

, -hederin potentiates 5-FU antitumor activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2008
Sok-Siya Bun
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of , -hederin to improve the efficacy of widely prescribed 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a human colon adenocarcinoma model. Drug combinations of , -hederin and 5-FU using both fixed-concentration and combination index methods were performed in vitro in HT-29 cells. The results showed that , -hederin at sub-IC50 cytotoxic concentrations enhanced 5-FU cytotoxicity about 3.3-fold (p < 0.001). Simultaneous combination of , -hederin and 5-FU at their IC50 ratio showed either a synergistic effect at a moderate cytotoxic range (25% of cell growth inhibition) or an antagonistic effect at a high level of growth inhibition. The data indicate therefore that it is possible to optimize colorectal cancer cell sensitivity to 5-FU with , -hederin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Detection of activity among uncultured Actinobacteria in a drinking water reservoir

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Jeppe L. Nielsen
Abstract The abundance, identity and activity of uncultured Bacteria and Actinobacteria present in a drinking water reservoir (North Pine Dam, Brisbane, Australia) were determined using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) alone or with catalysed reporter deposition (CARD-FISH) with microautoradiography. The CARD-FISH technique was modified relative to previous described procedures and performed directly on gelatine cover slips in order to allow simultaneous combination with microautoradiography. Almost twofold higher numbers of microorganisms could be identified as either Bacteria or Actinobacteria using the CARD-FISH technique as compared with the traditional FISH technique. A combination of FISH or CARD-FISH with microautoradiography showed generally higher activity among the Actinobacteria than among all Bacteria. Another important observation was that many cells within the FISH-negative populations of both Actinobacteria and Bacteria were actively assimilating thymidine. Thus, great care should be taken when extrapolating the active fraction of a prokaryotic community to be equivalent to the FISH-detectable population in such environments. Bacterial groups within Actinobacteria produce the odours geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, which lower the quality of surface water when used for drinking. The results indicate that combined microautoradiography and CARD-FISH may serve as an effective tool when studying identity and activity of microorganisms within freshwater environments. [source]

Godunov-type adaptive grid model of wave,current interaction at cuspate beaches

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 6 2004
Benedict D. Rogers
Abstract This paper presents a second-order accurate Godunov-type numerical scheme for depth- and period-averaged wave,current interaction. A flux Jacobian is derived for the wave conservation equations and its eigensystem determined, enabling Roe's approximate Riemann solver to be used to evaluate convective fluxes. Dynamically adaptive quadtree grids are used to focus on local hydrodynamic features, where sharp gradients occur in the flow variables. Adaptation criteria based on depth-averaged vorticity, wave-height gradient, wave steepness and the magnitude of velocity gradients are found to produce accurate solutions for nearshore circulation at a half-sinusoidal beach. However, the simultaneous combination of two or more separate criteria produces numerical instability and interference unless all criteria are satisfied for mesh depletion. Simulations of wave,current interaction at a multi-cusped beach match laboratory data from the United Kingdom Coastal Research Facility (UKCRF). A parameter study demonstrates the sensitivity of nearshore flow patterns to changes in relative cusp height, angle of wave incidence, bed roughness, offshore wave height and assumed turbulent eddy viscosity. Only a small deviation from normal wave incidence is required to initiate a meandering longshore current. Nearshore circulation patterns are highly dependent on the offshore wave height. Reduction of the assumed eddy viscosity parameter causes the primary circulation cells for normally incident waves to increase in strength whilst producing rip-like currents cutting diagonally across the surf zone. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Simultaneous use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system and an etonogestrel subdermal implant for debilitating adolescent endometriosis

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Moamar AL-JEFOUT
Abstract Adolescent familial endometriosis may cause severe and persistent symptoms that are disruptive to lifestyle. Treatment may be difficult in many cases. We describe the novel and successful first use of a simultaneous combination of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system and an etonogestrel subdermal implant in a teenager with severe pain symptoms as a result of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis, which was refractory to other treatments. [source]

Synergistic effects associated with climate change and the development of rocky shore molluscs

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
R. Przeslawski
Abstract Global climate change and ozone layer thinning will simultaneously expose organisms to increasingly stressful conditions. Early life stages of marine organisms, particularly eggs and larvae, are considered most vulnerable to environmental extremes. Here, we exposed encapsulated embryos of three common rocky shore gastropods to simultaneous combinations of ecologically realistic levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), water temperature stress and salinity stress to identify potential interactions and associated impacts of climate change. We detected synergistic effects with increases in mortality and retardation in development associated with the most physiologically stressful conditions. The effects of UVR were particularly marked, with mortality increasing up to 12-fold under stressful conditions. Importantly, the complex outcomes observed on applying multiple stressors could not have been predicted from examining environmental variables in isolation. Hence, we are probably dramatically underestimating the ecological impacts of climate change by failing to consider the complex interplay of combinations of environmental variables with organisms. [source]