Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Short Article (short + article)
Selected AbstractsComparative Effectiveness Research Priorities at Federal Agencies: The View from the Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institute on Aging, and Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 6 2010Timothy J. O'Leary MD In the last year, attention has been focused on translating federally sponsored health research into better health for Americans. Since the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) on February 17, 2009, ARRA funds to support Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) have increased this focus. A large proportion of topical areas of interest in CER affects the older segment of the population. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) have supported robust research portfolios focused on aging populations that meet the varying definitions of CER. This short article briefly describes the research missions of the AHRQ, NIA, and VA. The various definitions of CER as the Congressional Budget Office, the Institute of Medicine, and the ARRA-established Federal Coordinating Council have put forward, as well as important topics for which CER is particularly needed, are then reviewed. Finally, approaches in which the three agencies support CER involving the aging population are set forth and opportunities for future CER research outlined. [source] Précis of ,An Abductive Theory of Scientific Method'JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Brian D. HaigArticle first published online: 9 JUL 200 Abstract This short article is a précis of the author's (2005a) abductive theory of scientific method. This theory of method assembles a complex of specific strategies and methods of relevance to psychology that are employed in the detection of empirical phenomena and the subsequent construction of explanatory theories. A characterization of the nature of phenomena is given, and the process of their detection is briefly described in terms of a multistage model of data analysis. The construction of explanatory theories is shown to involve their generation through abductive, or explanatory, reasoning, their development through analogical modeling, and their fuller appraisal in terms of judgments of the best of competing explanations. The nature and limits of this theory of method are discussed in the light of relevant developments in scientific methodology. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:1,4, 2008. [source] Film and Early Medieval LiteratureLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2004Stuart D Lee ,Lights, camera, action!' These are hardly the words one would normally associate with the study of medieval literature, but this article suggests that the study of films can be a major asset to English lecturers. Using Old English literature as an example, this short article demonstrates how portrayals of the Anglo-Saxons in films can stimulate an interesting class discussion on their place in history and relevance to modern culture. Moreover, the article shows that one can draw similarities between the devices used by film directors and editors and those employed by the Old English poets, thus allowing teachers to introduce films into the classroom to illustrate the complexity of Old English literature. [source] Brain edema in liver failure: Basic physiologic principles and managementLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 11 2002Fin Stolze Larsen MD In patients with severe liver failure, brain edema is a frequent and serious complication that may result in high intracranial pressure and brain damage. This short article focuses on basic physiologic principles that determine water flux across the blood-brain barrier. Using the Starling equation, it is evident that both the osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients are imbalanced across the blood-brain barrier in patients with acute liver failure. This combination will tend to favor cerebral capillary water influx to the brain. In contrast, the disequilibration of the Starling forces seems to be less pronounced in patients with cirrhosis because the regulation of cerebral blood flow is preserved and the arterial ammonia concentration is lower compared with that of patients with acute liver failure. Treatments that are known to reverse high intracranial pressure tend to decrease the osmotic pressure gradients across the blood-brain barrier. Recent studies indicate that interventions that restrict cerebral blood flow, such as hyperventilation, hypothermia, and indomethacin, are also efficient in preventing edema and high intracranial pressure, probably by decreasing the transcapillary hydrostatic pressure gradient. In our opinion, it is important to recall that rational fluid therapy, adequate ventilation, and temperature control are of direct importance to controlling cerebral capillary water flux in patients with acute liver failure. These simple interventions should be secured before more advanced experimental technologies are instituted to treat these patients. [source] The New Cathedral of Oakland, CaliforniaNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1034 2010How Does It Pray? Abstract After an earthquake destroyed the Cathedral of Oakland, California (pop. 450,000) in 1989, it was decided to erect a new one on a different site. After much planning a new, quite striking building was constructed, but one that was to be the centre of a complex of building hosting other church ministries. The building and plan has been much admired by architects, liturgists and theologians. This short article explores how well this building complex will help parishioners to pray and serve needs of the local church. [source] Coming in From the Cold: The Role of Trade Unions on Public Policy Bodies at a Regional Level, with a Focus on London, the Southeast and the East of EnglandANTIPODE, Issue 5 2001Laurie Heselden This short article will review the comparative contribution of trade unions to the design and implementation of public policy before and after the election of the Labour government, 1 May 1997. The article will then explore those factors that have proved to be obstacles to trade union's greater or more effective engagement in public policy formulation. Finally, I will recommend possible remedies to alleviate those obstacles. [source] Capillary electrophoresis of signaling moleculesBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2007C. V. Suresh Babu Abstract The emerging field of quantitative systems biology uses high-throughput bioanalytical measurements to gain a deeper understanding of biological phenomena. With the advent of instrumentation platforms, capillary electrophoresis spans a very wide range of biological applications. This short article focuses on the exploitation of capillary electrophoresis for the systems-level analysis of cell signaling molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chirality and chemical processes: A few afterthoughtsCHIRALITY, Issue 1 2008Pedro Cintas Abstract Chirality and chiral have become terms that pervade a wide range of disciplines in physical and life sciences. Although such terms are precisely defined, their use often engenders confusion and ambiguity. Perhaps, the most improper use of chirality, yet widely accepted, is related to its association with stereodynamics and physico-chemical transformations, such as chiral discrimination, chiral resolution, chiral recognition, chiral synthesis, and so on. Even though this conceptual perversion has been highlighted by renowned stereochemists, it has become a recurring keyword and a hot message in modern literature. It is timely to renew the correct use and context in forums such as the present journal, adding further reflections that may help both beginners and practitioners. This short article is not intended to criticize or highlight errors, but rather to encourage a level of rigor and the use of statements, which should be universally correct. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and pathogen growth and survivalINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2000W HARRISON A series of short articles on topics of interest to the dairy industry. The subjects covered will include chemistry, consumer affairs, marketing, microbiology, nutrition and processing, and contributions of 1000,1500 words (including tables and figures) are invited from any member of the Society. [source] Water charges: the Mogden formula explained?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2000STEPHEN WALKER A series of short articles on topics of interest to the dairy industry. The subjects covered will include chemistry, consumer affairs, marketing, microbiology, nutrition and processing, and contributions of 1000,1500 words (including tables and figures) are invited from any member of the Society. [source] | ||||||||||||||||