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Shopping

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	52%
Humanities and Social Sciences	18%
Medical Sciences	10%
Information Science and Computing	5%
Engineering	3%
4 Other Domains	12%

Distribution within Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting

Introductory Marketing	30%
General & Introductory Business & Management	17%
General & Introductory Economics	5%

Kinds of Shopping

online shopping

opinion shopping

Terms modified by Shopping

shopping behaviour

shopping environment

shopping experience

Selected Abstracts

Television Shopping for Apparel in the United States: Effects of Perceived Amount of Information on Perceived Risks and Purchase Intentions

FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2000
Minjeong Kim
In a two-part study, the amount and types of information available in television-shopping segments selling apparel were examined. In Phase 1, a content analysis of 60 segments selling apparel was conducted. In Phase 2, using an experimental format, a convenience sample of 128 middle-aged women (M = 46 years) viewed a 6-minute television-shopping segment selling apparel and assessed perceived risk, perceived amount of information available in the segment, and purchase intentions, and they answered some open-ended questions about their information-searching activities. Taken together, results of Phases 1 and 2 revealed that when making apparel purchases, participants needed product and customer service information; however, in some segments, that information was never available or was available in less than half the segments coded. Results also revealed that the amount of information perceived from a television-shopping segment selling apparel was negatively related to perceived risk and positively related to purchase intent. [source]

Auditor Opinion Shopping and the Audit Committee: An Analysis of Suspicious Auditor Switches

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDITING, Issue 1 2001
Deborah Archambeault
This study examines whether audit committee effectiveness characteristics are related to suspicious auditor switching. Using the agency and audit committee literature, we hypothesize that audit committee existence, the proportion of independent directors, member experience in accounting, auditing, and finance, number of committee meetings, and number of committee members should be inversely related to suspicious auditor switching. A sample of 60 matched U.S. firms was evaluated along the hypothesized dimensions after controlling for company size, industry, stock exchange, financial health, and management stock ownership. Collectively, univariate and logistic regression results provide support for our predictions. The findings indicate that suspicious switchers: (1) are less likely to have an audit committee, (2) have a smaller percentage of independent directors on the audit committee, (3) have fewer members with experience in accounting, auditing, or finance, (4) hold fewer audit committee meetings, and (5) have smaller audit committees than nonsuspicious switching companies. Exploratory analyses also reveal that audit committees for companies with suspicious switches had younger members, and fewer members with no stock ownership in the company served. [source]

European Integration and Migration Policy: Vertical Policy-making as Venue Shopping

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 2 2000
Virginie Guiraudon
Since the beginning of the 1980s, migration and asylum policy in Europe has increasingly been elaborated in supranational forums and implemented by transnational actors. I argue that a venue-shopping framework is best suited to account for the timing, form and content of European co-operation in this area. The venues less amenable to restrictive migration control policy are national high courts, other ministries and migrant-aid organizations. Building upon pre-existing policy settings and developing new policy frames, governments have circumvented national constraints on migration control by creating transnational co-operation mechanisms dominated by law and order officials, with EU institutions playing a minor role. European transgovernmental working groups have avoided judicial scrutiny, eliminated other national adversaries and enlisted the help of transnational actors such as transit countries and carriers. [source]

Does Opinion Shopping Impair Auditor Independence and Audit Quality?

JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
TONG LU
ABSTRACT This study investigates how companies' threats to dismiss auditors and their engagement in opinion shopping influence auditor independence and audit quality, which in turn affect misstatements in financial statements. It also examines how outsiders' reactions to auditor switching influence opinion shopping. The results indicate that neither the predecessor auditor's nor the successor auditor's independence is compromised by dismissal threats and opinion shopping. Further, the successor auditor's audit quality exceeds the predecessor auditor's audit quality. In addition, auditor switching decreases potential understatements and increases potential overstatements in financial statements, and the capital market's and the successor auditor's reactions to auditor switching reduce the benefits of opinion shopping to companies. Additionally, the study sheds some light on the potential effects of both the Sarbanes-Oxley's restriction on non-audit services and mandatory auditor rotation or retention. The paper also derives a rich set of empirical implications. [source]

Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security Risks for Online Shopping

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2001
ANTHONY D. MIYAZAKI
Government and industry organizations have declared information privacy and security to be major obstacles in the development of consumer-related e-commerce. Risk perceptions regarding Internet privacy and security have been identified as issues for both new and experienced users of Internet technology. This paper explores risk perceptions among consumers of varying levels of Internet experience and how these perceptions relate to online shopping activity. Findings provide evidence of hypothesized relationships among consumers' levels of Internet experience, the use of alternate remote purchasing methods (such as telephone and mail-order shopping), the perceived risks of online shopping, and online purchasing activity. Implications for online commerce and consumer welfare are discussed. [source]

Physician Shopping in Workers' Compensation: Evidence from California

JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2006
Seth A. Seabury
Physician evaluations of impairment severity have a significant impact on the size of permanent disability benefits awarded to injured workers in workers' compensation. This gives both parties in a disputed claim the incentive to "shop" for physicians who will provide them with sympathetic evaluations. In this article we use data from the California workers' compensation system on competing physician evaluations for the same injury to study the extent to which the ability to select a physician results in a more favorable disability rating. We find that disability ratings based on evaluations from physicians selected by the applicant are 23 percent higher than those based on a neutral evaluation, while ratings based on a defense physician's evaluation tend to be about 5 percent lower. Moreover, we match these data to earnings loss data and estimate the extent to which applicant, defense, or neutral ratings best predict the outcomes of injured workers. The neutral ratings appear to do the best job of predicting earnings losses overall, though not by a substantial margin. [source]

Shopping trolley-related injuries to children in New Zealand, 1988,97

JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 1 2002
ML Parry
Objective: To describe the epidemiology of shopping trolley related injuries (fatalities and hospitalizations) to children in New Zealand prior to the introduction of a voluntary standard for shopping trolleys. Methodology: To identify cases, a key word search was conducted of national mortality and hospitalization databases for the years 1988,97. Cases were limited to children under 15 years of age. Results: For the 10 year period investigated, 282 hospitalizations and no fatalities were identified. A significant increasing trend for hospitalizations was detected (,2 = 17.6, 1 d.f.; P < 0.001). Ninety-two per cent of children hospitalized were aged under 5 years and two-thirds were aged 2 years or younger. Ninety per cent of injuries resulted from falls from trolleys, 84% of injuries were to the head or face and 22% were rated serious (AIS-3) on the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Conclusions: The incidence of injuries associated with shopping trolleys increased between 1988 and 1997. Following the introduction of a voluntary standard for shopping trolleys in 1999, which included specifications for child harnesses, trends in injury should be monitored. [source]

Proper Islamic Consumption: Shopping among the Malays in Modern Malaysia by Johan Fischer

AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2010
CARLA JONES
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Global "Body Shopping": An Indian Labor System in the Information Technology Industry by Xiang Biao

AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 3 2008
MATHANGI KRISHNAMURTHY
First page of article [source]

Shopping Beyond the Parenthesis.

ORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 2 2009
An Equivalence of Books, Bottled Ketchup
Words have been made public in very many ways: spoken as improvisation, recited from memory, written down and published or read aloud to an audience. Those printed have had very many formats: draft, (broad)sheet, part and periodical. Bound single and multiple volumes are merely one option. If a Gutenberg parenthesis is to make sense at all, then it is as a perception, of the bound volume format retaining a certain sanctity , regardless of what the material history of print culture might say. The question would then be, who held this perception and when? Or more precisely, if we assume the perception, under what conditions did alternatives emerge? Of the many contexts in which the hegemony of the bound volume has been debunked,1 commodification is one. This essay2 will examine, therefore, an early example of an industrialised literary Artwork in an emergent commodity culture, George Eliot's Middlemarch, to see whether there may have been other ways of treating the volume's otherwise hegemonic unified text; other ways of interpreting, or of readers profiting from, a commodity reading. [source]

Shopping as an Entertainment Experience

THE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 2 2009
Monroe Friedman
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Inside Toyland: Working, Shopping, and Social Inequality

THE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 3 2007
Jonathan F. Lewis
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

The Savannah Hypothesis of Shopping

BUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEW, Issue 3 2005
Charles Dennis
First page of article [source]

Automated Negotiation from Declarative Contract Descriptions

COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 4 2002
Daniel M. Reeves
Our approach for automating the negotiation of business contracts proceeds in three broad steps. First, determine the structure of the negotiation process by applying general knowledge about auctions and domain,specific knowledge about the contract subject along with preferences from potential buyers and sellers. Second, translate the determined negotiation structure into an operational specification for an auction platform. Third, after the negotiation has completed, map the negotiation results to a final contract. We have implemented a prototype which supports these steps by employing a declarative specification (in courteous logic programs) of (1) high,level knowledge about alternative negotiation structures, (2) general,case rules about auction parameters, (3) rules to map the auction parameters to a specific auction platform, and (4) special,case rules for subject domains. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach by automatically generating several alternative negotiation structures for the domain of travel shopping in a trading agent competition. [source]

Applying domain knowledge and social information to product analysis and recommendations: an agent-based decision support system

EXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 3 2004
Wei-Po LeeArticle first published online: 24 JUN 200
Abstract: The advance of Internet and Web technologies has boosted the development of electronic commerce. More and more people have changed their traditional trading behaviors and started to conduct Internet shopping. However, the exponentially increasing product information provided by Internet enterprises causes the problem of information overload, and this inevitably reduces the customer's satisfaction and loyalty. To overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a multi-agent system that is capable of eliciting expert knowledge and of recommending optimal products for individual consumers. The recommendations are based on both product knowledge from domain experts and the customer's preferences from system,consumer interactions. In addition, the system also uses behavior patterns collected from previous consumers to predict what the current consumer may expect. Experiments have been conducted and the results show that our system can give sensible recommendations, and it is able to adapt to the most up-to-date preferences for the customers. [source]

Informal care: the views of people receiving care

HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 4 2002
S. McCann BA MPsychSc
Abstract Informal care is perceived to be the best option for people who require assistance to look after themselves. National and international studies of informal care have focused on the carer, not on the care provided, or the needs and experiences of the care recipients. In the present study, 55 people receiving informal care (21 males and 24 females, mean age = 67.6) were surveyed to determine the type of assistance that they receive, perceptions of the quality of their care, feelings about being looked after by a carer and their perceptions of the services which would be useful. A random sample of 531 households were selected as part of a larger study into informal care in the west of Ireland. A total of 98 carers were identified and 55 of the people they looked after were well enough to participate in the study. Over two-thirds of carers assisted with household chores (e.g. cleaning, preparing meals and shopping). Other activities which carers assisted with included keeping the person safe from household accidents (62%), personal care (42%), and dressing and undressing (31%). Whilst most were very satisfied with the quality of care, a minority reported dissatisfaction, and stated that their carer showed signs of anger and frustration. Common concerns related to the health of the carer, their safety when the carer is not available and the cost of being cared for. Financial support for the person receiving care and the carer were the main priorities for these individuals. The present study points to a need for greater involvement of care recipients in planning services relating to informal care, and support and access to health professionals for people receiving care. People receiving care are also concerned about the level of financial support for themselves and their carers. [source]

Antecedents of flow in online shopping: a test of alternative models

INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009
Yi Maggie Guo
Abstract Flow is an optimal state of experience that has been studied in various situations, including online environments. In such environments, it has been found to be positively related to exploratory behaviour, revisit and purchase intention, and positive attitude towards web sites. Based on flow theory, this study tests the complete structure of the flow model as it was originally formulated in an online shopping context. The role of the preconditions of flow is elaborated and the effect of web site complexity, an important interface design variable, on flow is examined. Results show that web site complexity affects flow through the mediating effects of the three preconditions of flow. Theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed. [source]

Consumer values, the theory of planned behaviour and online grocery shopping

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 2 2008
Torben Hansen
Abstract Taking a hierarchical value-attitude-behaviour approach, this study empirically tests relations of consumer personal values, attitude, social norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and willingness to buy groceries online. The study distinguishes three groups of consumers: consumers who have not yet bought anything on the Internet; consumers who have bought something on the Internet , but not groceries; and consumers who have bought something on the Internet , including groceries. Data were collected from an online survey of Swedish consumers (n = 1058) using self-administered questionnaires. The findings suggest that consumers may link personal values to attitude towards online grocery buying , but also that this relation may be moderated by whether the consumer previously has carried out an online purchase or an online grocery purchase. [source]

Online shoppers in Australia: dealing with problems

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 1 2008
Huong Ha
Abstract Although the Internet is a convenient platform to conduct commercial transactions, consumers are disadvantaged in the online marketplace due to insufficient information about goods and services as well as business and transaction process, lack of access to redress and several other problems. The number of complaints regarding online transactions increased in Australia from 2001 to 2005, and the number of Internet-fraud related complaints reported to Consumer Sentinel (USA) also increased from 2003 to 2006. This, in turn, has undermined consumer trust and impeded the growth of e-retailing as well as added to the fear among e-consumers of falling prey to online fraud. In spite of this, the nature and effectiveness of e-consumer protection has not been adequately studied, notwithstanding extensive research into other aspects of e-retailing. This article examines (i) the level of awareness of the respondents in the survey in Australia of the current policy framework for addressing consumer protection about online shopping in terms of redress; and (ii) the behaviour of the two groups of respondents in this survey who have and have not encountered problems with online purchases. The findings suggest that most respondents are not aware of the following issues, namely (i) which organizations are involved in e-consumer protection; (ii) government regulations and guidelines; (iii) industry codes of conduct; (iv) self-regulatory approaches adopted by business; and (v) the activities of consumer associations to protect consumers in the online marketplace. The findings also show that most respondents would seek redress if they were unhappy with their online purchases and if they knew how to proceed, and that most of them would settle disputes directly with e-retailers. Also, online shoppers who had encountered problems were more likely to continue purchasing via the Internet than online shoppers who had not encountered any problems. This suggests that respondents find that the benefits offered by e-retailing outweigh the risks associated with it. [source]

The influence of consumer decision-making styles on online apparel consumption by college students

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 6 2007
Kelly O. Cowart
Abstract Apparel purchases now constitute one of the fastest-growing segments of e-commerce. Thus, there are strong theoretical and managerial reasons to better understand consumer characteristics associated with buying apparel online. This paper investigates motivations for online apparel consumption using the Consumer Styles Inventory. Data from a sample of 357 US college students showed that quality consciousness, brand consciousness, fashion consciousness, hedonistic shopping, impulsiveness and brand loyalty were positively correlated with online apparel shopping. Price sensitivity was negatively correlated with online spending. [source]

Shopping behaviour among gay men: issues of internalized homophobia and self-esteem

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 4 2007
Andrew Reilly
Abstract Connections among internalized homophobia, self-esteem and various shopping behaviours are investigated. Internalized homophobia, which affects nearly all gay men to some degree, and self-esteem may affect shopping behaviours such as credit card debt, venue of shopping, enjoyment from shopping, amount of time spent shopping and frequency of shopping. Data from 213 gay men were collected using an Internet-survey design. Results demonstrate that internalized homophobia has weak to moderate effects on thrift store shopping, discount store shopping and credit card debt. Although self-esteem did not predict shopping behaviour, it was correlated with shopping enjoyment. Implications, limitations and future research are discussed. [source]

Website evaluation criteria among US college student consumers with different shopping orientations and Internet channel usage

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 3 2007
Yoo-Kyoung Seock
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the website evaluation criteria among college student consumers in the US with different shopping orientations and Internet channel usage (i.e. online information searchers, online purchasers). The sample for this research was 414 college students, non-married and aged 18,22 who have experience in visiting websites selling apparel products. Five apparel website evaluation criteria were identified by factor analysis (i.e. product information, customer service, privacy/security, navigation, auditory experience/comparison shopping). Based on shopping orientation factors, cluster analysis revealed three shopping orientation clusters (i.e. Hesitant In-home Shoppers, Practical Clothing Shoppers, Involved Clothing Shoppers). Factorial manova showed that website evaluation criteria were significantly different among college student consumers with different shopping orientations and between online information searchers and online purchasers. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. [source]

Tourist shopping experiences and satisfaction

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007
Cevat Tosun
Abstract This paper examines tourists' perceived satisfaction with local shopping culture, staff service quality, product value and reliability, physical features of shops, payment methods, and other shopping and shop attributes with special reference to the region of Cappadocia, Turkey. A survey questionnaire was designed and conducted with tourists visiting the region on a guided tour. It was found that the respondents recorded different levels of satisfaction with various attributes of shops and shopping. Based on the research results, it is suggested that providing a higher level of shopping experience for tourists and increasing the contribution of shopping to the regional economy requires supporting indigenous local people via various fiscal and educational instruments to continue producing and retailing authentic handicrafts and souvenir goods. It is believed that this not only is necessary for the achievement of higher levels of tourist satisfaction and greater economic benefits for the local economy but also for achieving the ultimate goal of sustained and sustainable tourism development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Examining and identifying the determinants of travel expenditure patterns

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006
Youcheng Wang
Abstract This study examined the effects of socio-demographic, travel-related and psychographic variables on travel expenditures. The travel expenditure categories examined include lodging, meals and restaurants, attractions and festivals, entertainment, shopping, transportation and total expenditures. The results of the study provide a more comprehensive and holistic picture in the search of travel expenditure patterns based on multiple independent variables. This study reveals that, among the three groups of variables examined, income and trip-related characteristics were the most influential variables affecting tourism expenditures. Discussions and implications are also provided based on the study results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The changing profile of caravanners in Australia

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006
Bruce Prideaux
Abstract Caravanning has been a popular leisure activity in Australia for many decades. In recent years the profile of the industry has changed with a shift from family caravanning to retirees. This change has significant implications for the industry overall as well as the regional areas visited by caravanners. This paper reports on research designed to develop a profile of contemporary caravanning in Australia. One of the most significant findings was the homogeneity of the respondents. The largest groups of respondents were ,empty nesters', people who were retired or near retirement and who were attracted to three clusters of activities: nature; shopping and eating; and visiting heritage attractions. Another major finding of interest for regional areas was the relatively low daily expenditure on food and accommodation. The paper discusses a range of options that may be used by regional areas to boost their caravan sector. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Does Opinion Shopping Impair Auditor Independence and Audit Quality?

Parking difficulty and parking information system technologies and costs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION, Issue 2 2008
Hualiang (Harry) Teng
Before the implementation of a parking information system, it is necessary to evaluate the parking difficulty, technology choice, and system costs. In this study, the parking problem was quantified by asking parkers to express their parking difficulties in five scaled levels from the least to the most difficult. An ordered Probit model was developed to identify the factors that influence a parker to feel the parking difficulty. The results indicate that the amount of parking information parkers had before their trips was directly related to their parking search time, which in turn, influenced their perceptions of parking difficulty. Parkers' preferences to parking information technologies were identified based on developing binary and multinomial probit models. The results indicate that personal business trips and older persons would like to use the kiosk, while the more educated and males would not. Trips with shopping and social/recreation purposes and the drivers who had visited the destination areas frequently would like to choose roadside display. Drivers who had planned their parking and had Internet access would use in-vehicle device. The system cost was estimated based on the cost for each component of the system. The results show that providing en-route parking search information through roadside displays is more expensive than providing pre-trip information through a web site. [source]

The Oldest Old in the Last Year of Life: Population-Based Findings from Cambridge City over-75s Cohort Study Participants Aged 85 and Older at Death

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2010
Jun Zhao MSc
OBJECTIVES: To characterize people of advanced old age in their last year of life and compare those dying in their late 80s with those dying aged 90 and older to inform policy and planning. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected population-based data from the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort (CC75C) Study, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 85 and older at death who died less than 1 year after taking part in any CC75C survey (N=321). MEASUREMENTS: Physical health, functional disability, self-rated health, cognitive status. RESULTS: Functional and cognitive impairments were markedly higher for those who died aged 90 and older, predominantly women,than for those who died aged 85 to 89. At least half (49.4,93.6%) of subjects aged 90 and older needed maximum assistance in virtually every daily activity; those aged 85 to 89 needed this only for shopping and laundry. Disability in basic and instrumental activities rose from 59.1% before to 85.4% after the age of 90 and cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score ,21) from 41.7% to 69.4%. Despite this and proximity to death, 60.5% and 67.0%, respectively, rated their health positively. Only one in five reported needing more help. CONCLUSION: This study provides new data identifying high levels of physical and cognitive disability in very old people in the year before death. As the very old population rises, so will support needs for people dying in extreme old age. The mismatch between health perceptions and functional limitations suggests that these vulnerable older adults may not seek help from which they could benefit. These findings have major policy and planning implications for end-of-life care for the oldest old. [source]

Sleep disturbance experiences among perimenopausal women in Taiwan

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 15 2009
Hsiu-Chin Hsu
Aim., To generate a descriptive theory framework regarding the experiences of sleep disturbances among perimenopausal women in Taiwan. Background., Although studies show that some perimenopausal women are troubled by sleep problems, little information was found about the subjective experiences of sleep disturbances among these women. Research is required to explore women's feelings or perceptions in dealing with their sleep problems. These understandings will be important to help alleviate perimenopausal women's sleep problems. Design., A grounded theory research design was applied. Method., Twenty-one Taiwanese sleep disturbed women, aged 46,57 years, participated in in-depth interviews. Results., ,Getting back a good night's sleep' was the core theme for describing and guiding the process of the women's sleep disturbance experiences. During the process, ,disturbed sleep' was identified as the antecedent condition that included subcategories: easy awakening, difficulty falling asleep, inner worries, physical discomfort and genetic and bodily constitution. Analyses showed five categories (some with subcategories) of the sleep disturbed women: (i) worsening health status , physical exhaustion, impaired social interactions, emotional swings and decreased work performance; (ii) living with lonely nights , self-help and endurance; (iii) a search for resources to relieve sleep difficulties , doctor shopping, trying alternative therapies, exercising and seeking support; (iv) vicious cycle and (v) acceptance of insomnia. Conclusions., Women expected to relieve their sleep disturbance by finding comprehensive counselling or by their body constitution responding to treatment. Healthcare providers need to value women's individual concerns and subjective voices. Providers must seek out sleep counselling instead of simply prescribing drugs for their sleep difficulties. Relevance to clinical practice., It is crucial to integrate perimenopausal sleep care by implementing a multidimensional approach such as sleep assessment laboratories, sleep counselling, complementary alternative medicine, sleep strategies and support groups. [source]