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Shape Evolution (shape + evolution)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	25%
Physics and Astronomy	16%
Life Sciences	16%

Selected Abstracts

Nonclassical Crystallization: Facile Synthesis and Shape Evolution of Single-Crystal Cuprous Oxide (Adv. Mater.

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2009
20/2009)
Lian Gao and co-workers discuss on p. 2068 the synergic effect of oriented attachment and ripening mechanism with face-selective additive adsorption for the formation of various morphologies of single-crystal Cu2O. The frontispiece shows an SEM image of self-assembled microcubic Cu2O mesocrystals, clearly revealing the rarely observed combination of a nonclassical-particle-based crystallization process and subsequent classical crystallization process. [source]

Facile Synthesis and Shape Evolution of Single-Crystal Cuprous Oxide

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2009
Xudong Liang
Various morphologies of single-crystal Cu2O such as cube, octahedron, {110} truncated octahedron, and microrhombic dodecahedron with {110} surfaces are prepared in high yield through a facile solution-based one-step reduction method in an alkaline H2O/ethanol/oleic acid system in the presence of d-(+)-glucose. The formation mechanism of these microcrystals has been clarified as the synergic effect of oriented attachment and ripening mechanism. [source]

Electrochemical Crystallization of Cuprous Oxide with Systematic Shape Evolution,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 19 2004
J. Siegfried
The growth of Cu2O crystals that are electrochemically deposited as micrometer-size crystals with systematically varying fractions of {100} and {111} faces is reported (the Figure depicts cubic crystals). The methodical and homogeneous shape evolution is achieved by tuning the degree of preferential adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the {111} faces of growing Cu2O crystals through pH variation. Scale bar: 1,,m. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Shape Evolution of Layer-Structured Bismuth Oxychloride Nanostructure via Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Transport.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 17 2009
Hailin Peng
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Hydrothermal synthesis of nano-crystalline BaMoO4 under mild conditions using simple additive

CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Guangru Tian
Abstract Large-scale high-quality BaMoO4 nanocrystals have been synthesized in aqueous solutions under mild conditions with citrate as a simple additive. The crystals have bone-like, spindle-like and wheatear-like morphologies assembled from nanoparticles, nanofibers and have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results showed that experimental parameters had great influences on the shape evolution of products. The adjustment of these parameters such as room temperature stirring time, reaction temperature and reaction time of hydrothermal reaction, can lead to obvious morphology changes of products, and the growth mechanism has been proposed. Room-temperature photoluminescence indicated that the as-prepared BaMoO4 nanocrystals had a strong blue emission peak at 481.5 nm. This facile route could be employed to synthesize more promising nanomaterials with interesting self-assembly structures. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF PLASTRON SHAPE IN SLIDER TURTLES (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA)

EVOLUTION, Issue 3 2006
Erin M. Myers
Abstract Shape variation is widespread in nature and embodies both a response to and a source for evolution and natural selection. To detect patterns of shape evolution, one must assess the quantitative genetic underpinnings of shape variation as well as the selective environment that the organisms have experienced. Here we used geometric morphometrics to assess variation in plastron shell shape in 1314 neonatal slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) from 162 clutches of laboratory-incubated eggs from two nesting areas. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that nesting area has a limited role in describing plastron shape variation among clutches, whereas differences between individual clutches were highly significant, suggesting a prominent clutch effect. The covariation between plastron shape and several possible maternal effect variables (yolk hormone levels and egg dimensions) was assessed for a subset of clutches and found to be negligible. We subsequently employed several recently proposed methods for estimating heritability from shape variables, and generalized a univariate approach to accommodate unequal sample sizes. Univariate estimates of shape heritability based on Procrustes distances yielded large values for both nesting populations (h2, 0.86), and multivariate estimates of maximal additive heritability were also large for both nesting populations (h2max, 0.57). We also estimated the dominant trend in heritable shape change for each nesting population and found that the direction of shape evolution was not the same for the two sites. Therefore, although the magnitude of shape evolution was similar between nesting populations, the manner in which plastron shape is evolving is not. We conclude that the univariate approach for assessing quantitative genetic parameters from geometric morphometric data has limited utility, because it is unable to accurately describe how shape is evolving. [source]

Nonspherical Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Colloid-Chemical Synthesis and Morphology Control

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 16 2010
Tapan K. Sau
Abstract Metal nanoparticles have been the subject of widespread research over the past two decades. In recent years, noble metals have been the focus of numerous studies involving synthesis, characterization, and applications. Synthesis of an impressive range of noble metal nanoparticles with varied morphologies has been reported. Researchers have made a great progress in learning how to engineer materials on a nanometer length scale that has led to the understanding of the fundamental size- and shape-dependent properties of matter and to devising of new applications. In this article, we review the recent progress in the colloid-chemical synthesis of nonspherical nanoparticles of a few important noble metals (mainly Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt), highlighting the factors that influence the particle morphology and discussing the mechanisms behind the nonspherical shape evolution. The article attempts to present a thorough discussion of the basic principles as well as state-of-the-art morphology control in noble metal nanoparticles. [source]

Electrochemical Crystallization of Cuprous Oxide with Systematic Shape Evolution,

Crystal growth rate dispersion modeling using morphological population balance

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 9 2008
Cai Y. Ma
Abstract Crystal growth in solution is a surface-controlled process. The variation of growth rates of different crystal faces is considered to be due to the molecular arrangement in the crystal unit cell as well as the crystal surface structures of different faces. As a result, for some crystals, the growth rate for a specific facet is not only a function of supersaturation, but also dependent on some other factors such as its size and the lattice spread angle. This phenomenon of growth rate dispersion (GRD) or fluctuation has been described in literature to have attributed to the formation of some interesting and sophisticated crystal structures observed in experimental studies. In this article, GRD is introduced to a recently proposed morphological population balance model to simulate the dynamic evolution of crystal size distribution in each face direction for the crystallization of potash alum, a chemical that has been reported to show GRD phenomenon and sophisticated crystal structures. The GRD is modeled as a function of the effective relative supersaturation, which is directly related to crystal size, lattice spread angle, relative supersaturation, and solution temperature. The predicted results clearly demonstrated the significant effect of GRD on the shape evolution of the crystals. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008 [source]

Conduction band filling in In-rich InGaN and InN under hydrostatic pressure

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 6 2008
G. Franssen
Abstract We demonstrate the effect of conduction band shape evolution of InGaN with increasing In content and applying hydrostatic pressure. The influence of conduction band filling on the hydrostatic pressure dependence of photoluminescence in In0.7Ga0.3N and InN is investigated. It is found that the PL pressure coefficient dEPL/dp of InN changes from ,27 meV/GPa to ,21 meV/GPa when the electron concentration increases from 3.6×1017 cm,3 to 1.1×1019 cm,3. In contrast, no significant change of dEPL/dp with electron concentration was observed for In0.7Ga0.3N. We conclude that the pressure sensitivity of the Fermi level, which is responsible for the lowering of dEPL/dp with respect to dEG/dp in InN, is much less prominent in In0.7Ga0.3N than in InN. We attribute this difference to the larger band gap of In0.7Ga0.3N, which lowers the pressure sensitivity of m*. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Insect wing shape evolution: independent effects of migratory and mate guarding flight on dragonfly wings

BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 2 2009
FRANK JOHANSSON
Although, in some insect taxa, wing shape is remarkably invariant, the wings of Anisopteran dragonflies show considerable variation among genera. Because wing shape largely determines the high energetic costs of flight, it may be expected that interspecific differences are partly due to selection. In the present study, we examined the roles of long-distance migration and high-manoeuvrability mate guarding in shaping dragonfly wings, using a phylogeny-based comparative method, and geometric morphometrics to quantify wing shape. The results obtained show that migration affects the shape of both front and hind wings, and suggest that mate guarding behaviour may also have an effect, especially on the front wing. These effects on front wing shape are at least partly independent. Our findings are interesting when compared with the geographically widespread and ecologically diverse dipterans Acalyptratae (including the genus Drosophila). The wings in that group are similar in function and structure, but show strikingly low levels of interspecific variation. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 97, 362,372. [source]

3D Architectures of Iron Molybdate: Phase Selective Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Magnetic Properties

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007
Yi Ding
Abstract Monoclinic and orthorhombic Fe2(MoO4)3 microsized particles with complex 3D architectures have been selectively prepared by a template-free hydrothermal process. The pH value, reaction time, temperature, and molybdenian source have crucial influence on the phase formation, shape evolution, and microstructures. Monoclinic Fe2(MoO4)3 particles obtained at pH,1 and pH,1.65 display ferromagnetic ordering at 10.4,K and 10.5,K, respectively, and the ferromagnetic component is determined to be 0.0458,,B and 0.0349,,B per Fe-ion at 10,K, respectively. For orthorhombic ,-Fe2(MoO4)3, antiferromagnetic ordering was observed about 12,K. At higher temperatures, ,-Fe2(MoO4)3 began to follow the Curie,Weiss law with ,=,70,K. Such 3D architectures of monoclinic and orthorhombic ,-Fe2(MoO4)3 microparticles with unique shapes and structural characteristics may find applications as catalysts and as well as in other fields. [source]