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Selected AbstractsObstacles to instructional innovation according to college science and mathematics facultyJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 1 2007Jeffrey J. Walczyk Numerous studies have documented the infrequent use of learner-centered instruction in college science and mathematics classrooms and its negative effects on undergraduate learning and motivation. The present research deepened understanding of why. Specifically, an Internet survey was constructed that explored obstacles, supports, and incentives for instructional innovation in the classroom and was sent out to college science and mathematics faculty of Louisiana. Results revealed that colleges generally were perceived to assign little or an indeterminate weight to instruction in personnel decision making. Faculty members generally have little training in pedagogy; but when they do, they are more likely to consult sources of instructional innovation and consider teaching an important part of their professional identities. Data concerning the most common sources of instructional innovation information are presented. Several suggestions are made for institutional reform that if enacted might contribute to systemic improvement in the quality of instruction undergraduates receive. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach [source] Peaks and troughs,an exploration of patient perspectives of dangerous and severe personality disorder assessment (Peaks Unit, Rampton Hospital)PERSONALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2008Lisa Maltman Rationale,Although accessing user-perspectives is a key National Health Service initiative, the literature reporting user's views of forensic services, particularly dangerous and severe personality disorder (DSPD) services, is in its infancy. Aim and Design,This qualitative study applied thematic analysis to 12 semi-structured interviews aimed to enhance professional understanding of how Peaks Unit treatment-ward participants retrospectively perceive their experience of being admitted and assessed at the unit. Findings,Reported themes include ,fear' associated with participants' personal safety concerns and apprehensions regarding inhumane treatment and prolonged detention. The local metaphor of the DSPD Unit as the ,dark side' exacerbated such fears. ,Shock' also emerged as a primary theme resulting from unexpected admissions, security measures and some staff responses. ,Offering hope' provided a further theme with many participants reporting a climate of therapeutic optimism within staff teams and ,refreshing' opportunities for change. Reservations were also expressed about the service potentially offering ,false hope'. Several suggestions are proposed for future assessment strategy including escalating user-involvement activity, managing expectations, promoting therapeutic optimism and helping patients to attain a realistic sense of hope in order to maximise therapeutic engagement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Analysis of time-resolved X-ray scattering data from solution-state systemsACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A, Issue 2 2010Kristoffer Haldrup As ultrafast time-resolved studies of liquid systems with the laser pump/X-ray scattering probe method have come of age over the past decade, several groups have developed methods for the analysis of such X-ray scattering data. The present article describes a method developed primarily with a focus on determining structural parameters in the excited states of medium-sized molecules (~30 atoms) in solution. The general methodology is set in a maximum-likelihood framework and is introduced through the analysis of the photoactive platinum compound PtPOP, in particular the structure of its lowest triplet excited state (3A2u). Emphasis is put on structure determination in terms of model comparisons and on the information content of difference scattering signals as well as the related experimental variables. Several suggestions for improving the accuracy of these types of measurements are presented. [source] Comparative micromorphology of nectariferous and nectarless labellar spurs in selected clades of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae)BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009ALEXANDRA K. BELL Floral nectar spurs are widely considered to influence pollinator behaviour in orchids. Spurs of 21 orchid species selected from within four molecularly circumscribed clades of subtribe Orchidinae (based on Platanthera s.l., Gymnadenia,Dactylorhiza s.l., Anacamptis s.l., Orchis s.s.) were examined under light and scanning electron microscopes in order to estimate correlations between nectar production (categorized as absent, trace, reservoir), interior epidermal papillae (categorized as absent, short, medium, long) and epidermal cell striations (categorized as apparently absent, weak, moderate, strong). Closely related congeneric species scored similarly, but more divergent species showed less evidence of phylogenetic constraints. Nectar secretion was negatively correlated with striations and positively correlated with papillae, which were especially frequent and large in species producing substantial reservoirs of nectar. We speculate that the primary function of the papillae is conserving energy through nectar resorption and explain the presence of large papillae in a minority of deceit-pollinated species by arguing that the papillae improve pollination because they are a tactile expectation of pollinating insects. In contrast, the prominence of striations may be a ,spandrel', simply reflecting the thickness of the overlying cuticle. Developmentally, the spur is an invagination of the labellum; it is primarily vascularized by a single ,U'-shaped primary strand, with smaller strands present in some species. Several suggestions are made for developing further, more targeted research programmes. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160, 369,387 [source] Data mining: proprietary rights, people and proposalsBUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Dinah Payne This article focuses on the issue of data mining as it relates to the consumer and to the issue of whether the consumer's private information has any proprietary status. A brief review of data mining is provided as a background for a better understanding of the purposes and uses of data mining. Also examined are several issues of the ethics of data mining, including a review of stakeholders, who they are and which may be most seriously affected by unethical data mining practices. Several suggestions for the improvement of data mining as it relates to the consumer are further presented: suggestions that would allow for data mining that would be beneficial to both the business community and the consumer. [source] Adverse health effects of children's exposure to pesticides: What do we really know and what can be done about itACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2006JOANNA JUREWICZ Abstract Children may be exposed to pesticides in several ways, such as by transplacental transfer during foetal life, by intake of contaminated breast milk and other nutrients, or by contact with contaminated subjects and areas in the environment such as pets treated with insecticides, house dust, carpets and chemically treated lawns and gardens. Exposure early in life, and particularly during periods of rapid development, such as during foetal life and infancy, may have severe effects on child health and development by elevating the risk of congenital malformations, cancer, malabsorption, immunological dysfunction, endocrine disease, and neurobehavioural deficiencies. As pesticides can also interfere with parental reproductive health, exposure of parents may have consequences for the offspring leading to reduced chance of male birth and increased risk of childhood cancer. Conclusions: Current knowledge about tolerable levels and consequences of toxic exposure to pesticides during human development is rather scarce. Owing to the high risk of exposure to pesticides, particularly in less developed countries, further elucidation by well-controlled epidemiological studies in this field it is urgently needed. The Policy Interpretation Network on Children's Health and Environment (PINCHE), which is financed by the EU DG research has suggested actions against pesticide exposure. They have been presented and discussed in this paper. Several suggestions of PINCHE concerning action needed regarding pesticides were presented in the paper. [source] ADAPTATION KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION: A CASE STUDY FOR CASE-BASED DECISION SUPPORT IN ONCOLOGYCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3-4 2006Mathieu D'Aquin Kasimir is a case-based decision support system in the domain of breast cancer treatment. For this system, a problem is given by the description of a patient and a solution is a set of therapeutic decisions. Given a target problem, Kasimir provides several suggestions of solutions, based on several justified adaptations of source cases. Such adaptation processes are based on adaptation knowledge. The acquisition of this kind of knowledge from experts is presented in this paper. It is shown how the decomposition of adaptation processes by introduction of intermediate problems can highlight simple and generalizable adaptation steps. Moreover, some adaptation knowledge units that are generalized from those acquired for Kasimir are presented. This knowledge can be instantiated in other case-based decision support systems, in particular in medicine. [source] Growth curve analyses are best suited to examine the relation between developmental pathways and selective breeding: Comment on Hofer, Shair, Masmela, & Brunelli, "Developmental effects of selective breeding for an infantile trait: The rat pup ultrasonic isolation call"DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2001George F. Michel Abstract Hofer, Brunelli, Shair, & Masmela (2001) provide valuable information about the effects of selective breeding on rat-pup behaviors and physiology. Although the design and statistical analytic techniques employed are typical of those used to evaluate behavioral development in animals, I offer several suggestions about how to evaluate the influence of selective breeding on developmental pathways using modern statistical techniques. As Hofer et al. demonstrate, the development of rat behavior and physiology can be an excellent model for examining the relation between selection and development. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 247,250, 2001 [source] Bipolar disorder: What can psychotherapists learn from the cognitive research?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Sheri Johnson Randomized controlled trials of psychological treatment, principally cognitive therapy, for bipolar disorder have yielded inconsistent results. Given the status of this evidentiary base, we provide a more fine-grained analysis of the cognitive profiles associated with bipolar disorder to inform clinical practice. In this practice-friendly review, we consider evidence that both negative and positive cognitive styles are related to bipolar disorder. Cross-sectional and prospective evidence suggest that negative cognitive styles are related to depression within bipolar disorder, but there also is evidence that bipolar disorder is related to an elevated focus on goals as well as to increases in confidence during manic states. With such findings as backdrop, we consider the outcomes of psychological treatments for bipolar disorder and advance several suggestions for clinical practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 425,432, 2007. [source] Schwellenwerte im Arbeitsrecht: Höhere Transparenz und Effizienz durch Vereinheitlichung,PERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 3 2007Lena Koller The existing 160 thresholds are complex and defined inconsistently, making it difficult for firms to obey the law. Moreover, exceeding a threshold may result in costs for the firm such as establishing a works council or paying a penalty for not employing disabled persons. Although the empirical evidence is mixed, some studies suggest that employment growth is dampened by firms trying not to exceed thresholds. In order to minimize these transaction costs and side effects, we make several suggestions to simplify and unify the threshold regulations. [source] Ethics commentary: subjects of knowledge and control in field primatologyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2010N.M. Malone Abstract Our primate kin are routinely displaced from their habitats, hunted for meat, captured for trade, housed in zoos, made to perform for our entertainment, and used as subjects in biomedical testing. They are also the subjects of research inquiries by field primatologists. In this article, we place primate field studies on a continuum of human and alloprimate relationships as a heuristic device to explore the unifying ethical implications of such inter-relationships, as well as address specific ethical challenges arising from common research protocols "in the field" (e.g. risks associated with habituation, disease transmission, invasive collection of biological samples, etc.). Additionally, we question the widespread deployment of conservation- and/or local economic development-based justifications for field-based primatological pursuits. Informed by decades of combined fieldwork experience in Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, we demonstrate the process by which the adherence to a particular ethical calculus can lead to unregulated and ethically problematic research agendas. In conclusion, we offer several suggestions to consider in the establishment of a formalized code of ethics for field primatology. Am. J. Primatol. 72:779,784, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Global Financial Stability Architecture Fails Again: sub-prime crisis lessons for policymakersASIAN-PACIFIC ECONOMIC LITERATURE, Issue 1 2009Sitikantha Pattanaik Every financial crisis leaves behind important lessons, while exposing the limitations of the policy framework for preventing a systemic crisis. The sub-prime crisis has seriously dented the credibility of every institution vested with the responsibility for promoting financial stability. Besides the immediate global policy accent on crisis management in the form of unprecedented bailouts and massive liquidity injections, considerable analysis and policy emphasis has been directed at understanding the crisis in order to identify why and where the international financial stability architecture failed, and how it could be restructured to make it more effective in preventing another major financial crisis in future. The paper outlines the causes of the crisis, highlights the important policy issues that the global policy making community has to address, and discusses several suggestions for improving the global financial stability architecture. [source] | ||||||||||||||||