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Several Subtypes (several + subtype)
Selected AbstractsLymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of early metastasis from sweat gland carcinoma,CANCER, Issue 9 2003Paul N. Bogner M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Several subtypes of sweat gland carcinoma have been found to demonstrate a propensity to metastasize systemically and to regional lymph nodes. The predictive value and benefit of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been established in numerous other malignancies, but to the authors' knowledge there is little literature published to date regarding the use of SLN biopsy in patients with sweat gland carcinoma. In the current study, the authors demonstrated the utility of SLN biopsy in detecting subclinical metastases of sweat gland carcinoma, which may result in early treatment. METHODS The authors identified five patients with malignant eccrine tumors in whom SLN biopsy was performed at the study institution. Clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed. RESULTS The five study cases included two cases of aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (both occurring on upper extremity digits), two cases of hidradenocarcinoma (occurring on the knee and foot, respectively), and an eccrine carcinoma (occurring on the scalp). In each biopsy-established case, there was no clinical evidence of metastatic disease, and a wide local excision or amputation was performed with concurrent SLN biopsy. Four of 18 SLNs in 3 of the 5 patients (60%) were found to be positive for metastatic carcinoma, as identified in hematoxylin and eosin stains and/or cytokeratin immunohistochemical stains. All three lymph node-positive patients subsequently underwent regional lymphadenectomy and were found to have no evidence of additional metastases. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrate that SLN biopsy detects subclinical metastases from sweat gland carcinomas to regional lymph nodes. SLN mapping and biopsy at the time of resection can provide useful information with which to guide early treatment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this procedure results in a survival benefit in patients with sweat gland carcinomas. Cancer 2003;97:2285,9. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11328 [source] Gephyrin, a major postsynaptic protein of GABAergic synapsesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 7 2000Marco Sassoč-Pognetto Abstract ,-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are located at the majority of inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain. However, the mechanisms by which GABAA receptor subunits are targeted to, and clustered in, the postsynaptic membrane are poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that gephyrin, a protein first identified as a component of the glycine receptor (GlyR) complex, is colocalized with several subtypes of GABAA receptors and is involved in the stabilization of postsynaptic GABAA receptor clusters. Thus, gephyrin functions as a clustering protein for major subtypes of inhibitory ion channel receptors. [source] ANTI-SULFATIDE IgM ANTIBODIES DETECTED IN A PATIENT DIAGNOSIS OF MOTOR NEURON DISEASEJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 1 2002Article first published online: 11 MAR 200 D'Avino C., Del Corona A., Bacci A., Calabrese R., Siciliano G. Department of Neuroscience-Clinical Neurology-University of Pisa-Italy Case report. The patient, a 66-year-old man with a 5-year diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, in Sep. 2000 started complaining of language disturbances as rhinolalia. In Jan. 2001, because of generalized fatigue and difficulties in walking, he was hospitalized in Internal Medicine and a diagnosis of diabetic angiopathy and neuropathy was made. Since discharge patient clinical conditions gradually deteriorated and a neurological evaluation showed tongue atrophy, dysarthria, dysphagia, fasciculations in the four limbs, increased deep tendon reflexes with bilateral foot clonus and paraparetic spastic deambulation. He underwent spinal MRI that showed mild arthrosic abnormalities in cervical spinal cord and limb EMG that showed denervation spontaneous activity with neurogenic MUAP modifications, with normal sensory and motor conduction velocity. MEP showed bilateral pyramidal track involvement. A significantly increased anti-sulphatide IgM antibodies titer (1:32,000) in the serum was detected. The diagnosis at discharge was "probable motor neuron disease" and the patient is under riluzole therapy at the moment. Discussion. Anti-sulfatide IgM antibodies are currently associated with several subtypes of peripheral neuropathy. In most cases it is a chronic dysimmune sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy in which electrophysiological and morphological studies are usually con- sistent with a predominant demyelination frequently associated with prominent axonal loss. Although rare, an association between motor neuron disease and IgM anti-sulfatide has been described in a recent paper by Latov and coworkers that reviewed electrophysiologic, morphologic and laboratory data of 25 patients with elevated antisulfatide antibodies. It seems interesting to follow-up the clinical course of the patient, the response to therapy and its correlation to antibodies titer, while the opportunity of high dose IVIg therapy is under discussion at the moment. [source] Genotype diversity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HCV-associated liver disease patients in IndonesiaLIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2010Andi Utama Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in Indonesia has been reported. However, the identification of HCV genotype was based on 5,-UTR or NS5B sequence. Aims: This study was aimed to observe HCV core sequence variation among HCV-associated liver disease patients in Jakarta, and to analyse the HCV genotype diversity based on the core sequence. Methods: Sixty-eight chronic hepatitis (CH), 48 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 34 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were included in this study. HCV core variation was analysed by direct sequencing. Results: Alignment of HCV core sequences demonstrated that the core sequence was relatively varied among the genotype. Indeed, 237 bases of the core sequence could classify the HCV subtype; however, 236 bases failed to differentiate several subtypes. Based on 237 bases of the core sequences, the HCV strains were classified into genotypes 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b and 1c), 2 (subtypes 2a, 2e and 2f) and 3 (subtypes 3a and 3k). The HCV 1b (47.3%) was the most prevalent, followed by subtypes 1c (18.7%), 3k (10.7%), 2a (10.0%), 1a (6.7%), 2e (5.3%), 2f (0.7%) and 3a (0.7%). HCV 1b was the most common in all patients, and the prevalence increased with the severity of liver disease (36.8% in CH, 54.2% in LC and 58.8% in HCC). These results were similar to a previous report based on NS5B sequence analysis. Conclusion: Hepatitis C virus core sequence (237 bases) could identify the HCV subtype and the prevalence of HCV subtype based on core sequence was similar to those based on the NS5B region. [source] Early pulmonary involvement in Niemann-Pick type B disease: Lung lavage is not usefulPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Z.S. Uyan MD Abstract Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is a rare, autosomal-recessively inherited lipid storage disease which is characterized by intracellular deposition of sphingomyelin in various body tissues. The disease is heterogeneous and classified into six groups. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement may be a feature of several subtypes of NPD, including type B. Progressive pulmonary involvement in NPD type B is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is usually diagnosed at older ages. Only a few cases with early pulmonary involvement have been reported. In this report, a patient with NPD type B, hospitalized with the diagnosis of pneumonia at age 3 months, is presented. Following treatment for pneumonia, she continued to have persistent respiratory symptoms and became oxygen-dependent. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed diffuse interstitial changes. During follow-up, the patient developed hepatosplenomegaly. Lung, liver, and bone marrow biopsies showed characteristic findings for NPD. Biochemical studies also confirmed the diagnosis, and the sphingomyelinase enzyme level of the patient was low. Unilateral lung lavage was performed in order to decrease lipid storage as a treatment modality. However, there was no clinical or radiological improvement. The patient died at age 15 months due to progressive respiratory failure. Pulmonary involvement is a rare entity in early childhood in patients with NPD type B, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent interstitial lung disease. It may cause progressive respiratory failure, but the treatment options remain limited. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:169,172. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Palmaris profundus: One name, several subtypes, and a shared potential for nerve compressionCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 6 2009Elena Pirola Abstract The palmaris profundus is a rare, but known anatomic variation which may lead to compression of the median nerve and/or its branches. Two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are presented in whom a palmaris profundus was discovered at operation. In these cases, median nerve compression at the wrist was attributed to the course of the extra tendon and its local mass effect on the nerve (i.e., the palmaris profundus and median nerve shared a common sheath); more commonly, the resultant decreased available space for the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to the presence of an accessory (10th) flexor tendon is thought to be responsible. Postoperative 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to demonstrate the full course of the variant muscle; despite variations in the size and longitudinal extent of the accessory musculotendinous unit, an important similarity was noted: the intimate relationship of the median nerve and the palmaris profundus. These two cases and our review of the literature highlight the fact that one name (i.e. palmaris profundus) reflects several anatomic subtypes. However, the close relationship of the palmaris profundus with the median nerve in the forearm and the palm is a common theme which emphasizes the potential pathoanatomic consequences of this relationship: nerve compression. Clin. Anat. 22:643,648, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||