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Several Other Variables (several + other_variable)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Factors Associated with Helmet Use among Motorcycle Users in Karachi, Pakistan

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 4 2008
Imran Khan MBBS
Abstract Objectives:, Wearing a helmet is the single most effective measure for preventing head injuries in motorcycle users. The authors undertook this study to estimate compliance and determine reasons for noncompliance with helmet use among motorcyclists in their community. Methods:, This was a cross-sectional survey of motorcyclists in three large randomly selected public-access parking spaces across Karachi, Pakistan's largest city. Questions covered personal demographics, frequency of helmet use, reasons for use or nonuse, and knowledge of local helmet laws. Analysis was based on frequencies and group comparisons using chi-square test or independent sample t-test. Results:, Of the 300 (100% male) subjects, 169 (56%) reported using helmets regularly. Users listed injury prevention (78%) as the major reason for compliance, while nonusers listed physical discomfort (44%) and limited vision (25%) as the leading reasons for noncompliance. In univariate analysis, helmet users were significantly better educated than nonusers and were more likely to believe that helmets are protective (p = 0.002) and that passengers should also wear helmets (p < 0.001). The significance of these variables persisted in multivariate analysis. Several other variables (such as mean age, marital status, and knowledge of helmet laws) did not differ between users and nonusers. Conclusions:, Helmets are underused by motorcyclists in the authors' community. This study underscores the need for improved helmet design, public understanding, intense public education, and rigorous law enforcement in raising compliance with helmet use and minimizing the risk of preventable trauma. [source]

PREDICTORS OF JOB SEARCH BEHAVIOR AMONG EMPLOYED AND UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE

PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
EDWIN A. J. VAN HOOFT
This study investigated job search behavior and its predictors among employed and unemployed people. Ajzen's (1985) theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to predict job search intention and behavior in both groups. In addition, we examined the indirect effects of several other variables (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work valence, expectancy, and financial need). Data were collected in a 2-wave longitudinal design, using a sample of employed individuals (N = 989) and a sample of unemployed individuals (N= 317). Results supported the applicability of the TPB in the 2 groups. The attitude-intention-behavior relationship was stronger in the unemployed group than in the employed group. The TPB variables partially mediated the effects of the additional variables studied. [source]

Effectiveness of rituximab treatment in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial,

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2010
J. M. Meijer
Objective To study the efficacy and safety of B cell depletion with rituximab, a chimeric murine/human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods Patients with active primary SS, as determined by the revised American,European Consensus Group criteria, and a rate of stimulated whole saliva secretion of ,0.15 ml/minute were treated with either rituximab (1,000 mg) or placebo infusions on days 1 and 15. Patients were assigned randomly to a treatment group in a ratio of 2:1 (rituximab:placebo). Followup was conducted at 5, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks. The primary end point was the stimulated whole saliva flow rate, while secondary end points included functional, laboratory, and subjective variables. Results Thirty patients with primary SS (29 female) were randomly allocated to a treatment group. The mean ± SD age of the patients receiving rituximab was 43 ± 11 years and the disease duration was 63 ± 50 months, while patients in the placebo group were age 43 ± 17 years and had a disease duration of 67 ± 63 months. In the rituximab group, significant improvements, in terms of the mean change from baseline compared with that in the placebo group, were found for the primary end point of the stimulated whole saliva flow rate (P = 0.038 versus placebo) and also for various laboratory parameters (B cell and rheumatoid factor [RF] levels), subjective parameters (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory [MFI] scores and visual analog scale [VAS] scores for sicca symptoms), and extraglandular manifestations. Moreover, in comparison with baseline values, rituximab treatment significantly improved the stimulated whole saliva flow rate (P = 0.004) and several other variables (e.g., B cell and RF levels, unstimulated whole saliva flow rate, lacrimal gland function on the lissamine green test, MFI scores, Short Form 36 health survey scores, and VAS scores for sicca symptoms). One patient in the rituximab group developed mild serum sickness,like disease. Conclusion These results indicate that rituximab is an effective and safe treatment strategy for patients with primary SS. [source]

Alfuzosin in the treatment of high leak-point pressure in children with neurogenic bladder

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2002
H. Schulte-Baukloh
Objective ,To decrease the detrusor leak-point pressure (LPP) of >,40 cmH2O in children with a neurogenic bladder, using the ,1 -adrenergic blocking agent alfuzosin. Patients and methods ,Videocystometry was used to measure the detrusor LPP and several other variables before and 3 weeks after the oral administration of alfuzosin (2.5,7.5 mg/day) in 17 children (mean age 6.3 years) with an upper motor neurone lesion. Results ,The mean (sd) detrusor LPP decreased from 68 (37) to 46 (31) cmH2O (P < 0.01), reflex volume (defined as the volume at the first uninhibited bladder contraction of >,15 cmH2O) increased from 78 (69) to 112 (118) mL (+ 44%), bladder compliance increased from 9.3 (6.1) to 19.6 (14.6) mL/cmH2O (+ 111%), maximal vesical pressure decreased from 84 (40) to 70 (47) cmH2O (, 17%), and the mean number of uninhibited bladder contractions decreased from 6.3 to 3.5 (, 44%). The therapy was well tolerated; side-effects were rare and not severe. Intermittent catheterization could be avoided in six children. Conclusion ,Alfuzosin decreases the detrusor LPP in children with a neurogenic bladder caused by an upper motor neurone lesion, significantly and therapeutically, and should be considered as an alternative or addition to intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic drugs in selected patients. [source]