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Several Microorganisms (several + microorganism)
Selected AbstractsAbdominal aortic aneurysm and cytomegalovirus infectionJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2008Anders Nyberg Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is regarded traditionally as a consequence of atherosclerosis. Several microorganisms have been suggested as possible contributing factors for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The relevance of CMV in the processes underlying the development, expansion, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CMV infection is related to abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. One hundred nineteen patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and 36 matched controls without abdominal aortic aneurysm were investigated prospectively by CMV serology. Patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm have similar levels of IgG antibodies against CMV as patients with nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, small abdominal aortic aneurysm, and controls without abdominal aortic aneurysm. In conclusion, this study fails to demonstrate a connection between CMV infection and abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. J. Med. Virol. 80:667,669, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Degradation of alkanes by bacteriaENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 10 2009Fernando Rojo Summary Pollution of soil and water environments by crude oil has been, and is still today, an important problem. Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. Among them, alkanes constitute the major fraction. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons of different sizes and structures. Although they are chemically very inert, most of them can be efficiently degraded by several microorganisms. This review summarizes current knowledge on how microorganisms degrade alkanes, focusing on the biochemical pathways used and on how the expression of pathway genes is regulated and integrated within cell physiology. [source] Autophagy: A Pathogen Driven ProcessIUBMB LIFE, Issue 4-5 2007Marķa Isabel Colombo Abstract Host cell recognition and eradication of invading pathogens is crucial for the control of microbial infections. However, several microorganisms develop tactics that allow them to survive intracellularly. Autophagy, a process involved in protein turnover and in charge of the removal of aged organelles by degradation of engulfed cytoplasmic portions, was recently shown to play a clear role in the detection and elimination of intracellular pathogens. Yet, some pathogens employ elegant strategies to elude entrapment in autophagosomes, and thus to avoid lysosomal degradation, whereas others utilize the autophagy pathway for their own benefit. In this review some recent findings on the relationship between microorganisms and autophagy are summarized, the underlying assumption being that intracellular infection models may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the autophagic process. IUBMB Life, 59: 238-242, 2007 [source] Multilayered antimicrobial polyethylene films applied to the packaging of ground beefPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 2 2001Jung-Uk Ha Abstract A natural antimicrobial agent, grapefruit seed extract (GFSE), was incorporated in a 0.5% or 1.0% concentration on the food-contact surface of multilayered polyethylene (PE) film by a co-extrusion or solution-coating process. The fabricated films were tested in their antimicrobial activity against several food spoilage microorganisms, and then applied to the packaging of ground beef. During the storage of the packaged beef at 3°C, changes in microbial counts, pH, TBA value and meat colour were monitored in order to see the effect of the packaging film on meat quality changes. Coating the PE film with GFSE with the aid of a polyamide binder resulted in a more effective level of antimicrobial activity on the agar plate medium than did its incorporation by a co-extrusion process. The film co-extruded with a 1.0% GFSE layer showed antimicrobial activity only against Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240, while the film coated with 1.0% GFSE showed activity against several microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli IFO 3301, Staphylococcus aureus IFO 3060 and Bacillus subtilis IFO 12113. Both types of GFSE-incorporated multilayer PE films contributed to a reduction of the growth rates of aerobic and coliform bacteria on the ground beef, when compared to plain PE film. The film coated with a higher concentration (1.0%) of GFSE had a more pronounced effect than did the other films in inhibiting spoilage bacterial growth. They could also slow down chemical changes of the packaged beef. The GFSE-coated film was more effective in preserving beef quality, but the level of GFSE addition did not affect the quality changes of the beef. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Distribution of several microorganisms and activity of alkaline phosphatase in sediments from Baihua LakeASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009Jia-jun Deng Abstract The distribution characteristics of ammonifiers, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifiers, and activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in sediments from Baihua Lake (a man-made deep plateau canyon reservoir in Guizhou Province, China) were studied. The results suggested that the population number of ammonifiers in the sediments was higher at sampling sites Pingpu, Laojiutu, Yapengzhai, and Jiangjiapu than at the other sites. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria had the highest population number at sampling site Meituwan. The population number of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the upper and middle sections of the lake was higher than that in the lower section. The population of denitrifiers was the highest at sampling site Jiangjiapu, and all the other sampling sites gave lower population numbers. Change in the activity of ALP was of a strong regularity, and the basic tendency was that the activity increased from the upper to the lower portion of the lake. Specifically, the activity at sampling site Yapengzhai was the strongest. The statistical analysis for four groups of bacteria, ALP, organic matter, and so on were carried out to shed more light on their correlativity. This research will likely provide relevant data useful for establishment of bacteriological and zymological indicator systems for environmental monitoring. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Bacterial pathogens and the autophagic responseCELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Marķa C. Lerena Summary The host cell recognition and removal of invading pathogens are crucial for the control of microbial infections. However, several microorganisms have developed mechanisms that allow them to survive and replicate intracellularly. Autophagy is an ubiquitous physiological pathway in eukaryotic cells, which maintains the cellular homeostasis and acts as a cell quality control mechanism to eliminate aged organelles and unnecessary structures. In addition, autophagy has an important role as a housekeeper since cells that have to get rid of invading pathogens use this pathway to assist this eradication. In this review we will summarize some strategies employed by bacterial pathogens to modulate autophagy to their own benefit and, on the other hand, the role of autophagy as a protective process of the host cell. In addition, we will discuss here recent studies that show the association of LC3 to a pathogen-containing compartment without a classical autophagic sequestering process (i.e. formation of a double membrane structure). [source] | ||||||||||