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Several Disciplines (several + discipline)
Selected AbstractsWeberian perspectives on science, technology and the economyTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Ralph Schroeder ABSTRACT Several disciplines have contributed to the understanding of the relationship between science, technology, and economic change. Weber's perspective on this relationship, however, has not been properly explored. In the first part of this paper, we give an account of Weber's perspective. In the second part, we critically assess Weber's ideas, indicating those that are useful and those that deserve to be abandoned. We also confront a revised Weberian perspective with those of the main contemporary competitors, the key ideas of economists and economic historians on one side and social constructivists on the other. We conclude that a Weberian comparative-historical approach compares favourably with these competitors, and suggest where his approach still requires further work. [source] Parent-of-origin and trans-generational germline influences on behavioral development: The interacting roles of mothers, fathers, and grandparentsDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010J.P. Curley Abstract Mothers and fathers do not contribute equally to the development of their offspring. In addition to the differential investment of mothers versus fathers in the rearing of offspring, there are also a number of germline factors that are transmitted unequally from one parent or the other that contribute significantly to offspring development. This article shall review four major sources of such parent-of-origin effects. Firstly, there is increasing evidence that genes inherited on the sex chromosomes including the nonpseudoautosomal part of the Y chromosome that is only inherited from fathers to sons, contribute to brain development and behavior independently of the organizing effects of sex hormones. Secondly, recent work has demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA that is primarily inherited only from mothers may play a much greater than anticipated role in neurobehavioral development. Thirdly, there exists a class of genes known as imprinted genes that are epigenetically silenced when passed on in a parent-of-origin specific manner and have been shown to regulate brain development and a variety of behaviors. Finally, there is converging evidence from several disciplines that environmental variations experienced by mothers and fathers may lead to plasticity in the development and behavior of offspring and that this phenotypic inheritance can be solely transmitted through the germline. Mechanistically, this may be achieved through altered programming within germ cells of the epigenetic status of particular genes such as retrotransposons and imprinted genes or potentially through altered expression of RNAs within gametes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 312,330, 2010. [source] Elder Self-Neglect and the Justice System: An Essay from an Interdisciplinary PerspectiveJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 2008Marie-Therese Connolly JD Elder self-neglect is a complex issue for the legal system,one not always easily distinguished from other types of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation. The issue inherently implicates several disciplines, and although self-neglect is not prosecuted per se, prosecutions of other types of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation may affect self-neglect as well. In addition, other types of legal intervention, such as guardianship actions, may serve to protect vulnerable older people, but it is critical to ensure that such interventions do not inappropriately infringe on the older person's civil liberties or result in exploitation or worse. There are daunting challenges to doing work in this field,death; ageism; medical, legal, and ethical complexities; and a chronic paucity of funding. It is nevertheless imperative that researchers expand their efforts to elucidate the nature and scope of elder self-neglect; its interplay with other forms of abuse, neglect, and exploitation; and the most effective mechanisms for intervention and prevention. Such efforts, and in particular interdisciplinary approaches to these common problems, are critical to improving care for the nation's older people and assisting millions of families and practitioners. [source] Therapeutic approaches to fibromyalgia in the Netherlands: a comparison between 1998 and 2005JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2008Mariëlle E. A. L. Kroese MSc Abstract Rationale, In this study, information was gathered from five disciplines on their usual management methods for fibromyalgia (FM) in order to asses whether treatment regimens have changed in the Netherlands during a period of 6 years. In addition, insight was gained into the therapeutic motives of the professionals. Method, A questionnaire was sent to a sample of 150 persons per discipline: general practitioners (GPs), rheumatologists (RMTs), rehabilitation specialists (RS), physical therapists and psychologists. Results, The overall response rate was 40.4%. The referral behaviour changed (significantly), especially between GPs and RMTs. An increased choice for aerobic exercise (RS: P = 0.023) and multidisciplinary therapy (RMT: P = 0.046) was found. RMTs and RS showed decreased medication prescribing (RMT: P = 0.024). Preferences of treatment for FM differ per discipline. The choice is principally made on the basis of subjective, professional group-bound factors. Particularly for GPs, dynamic patient factors are an important motive in the management of FM. Conclusions, Despite the fact that most changes found are in conformity with the literature, the absolute application percentages of recommended therapies are still very low. The differences in practice between the several disciplines seem explicable on the basis of the factors that have a prominent role in the choice of a therapy for FM. This study underlines the need for further research into methods and processes of the management of FM, and their clinical effectiveness. An effective way of dissemination, especially of guidelines, is essential. [source] The place of serials in referencing practices: Comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanitiesJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Vincent Larivière Journal articles constitute the core documents for the diffusion of knowledge in the natural sciences. It has been argued that the same is not true for the social sciences and humanities where knowledge is more often disseminated in monographs that are not indexed in the journal-based databases used for bibliometric analysis. Previous studies have made only partial assessments of the role played by both serials and other types of literature. The importance of journal literature in the various scientific fields has therefore not been systematically characterized. The authors address this issue by providing a systematic measurement of the role played by journal literature in the building of knowledge in both the natural sciences and engineering and the social sciences and humanities. Using citation data from the CD-ROM versions of the Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) databases from 1981 to 2000 (Thomson ISI, Philadelphia, PA), the authors quantify the share of citations to both serials and other types of literature. Variations in time and between fields are also analyzed. The results show that journal literature is increasingly important in the natural and social sciences, but that its role in the humanities is stagnant and has even tended to diminish slightly in the 1990s. Journal literature accounts for less than 50% of the citations in several disciplines of the social sciences and humanities; hence, special care should be used when using bibliometric indicators that rely only on journal literature. [source] The Family of GFP-Like Proteins: Structure, Function, Photophysics and Biosensor Applications.PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Introduction, Perspective ABSTRACT In this issue, we offer a symposium-in-print that is focused on several new advancements in fundamental research related to the family of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-like proteins. A few applied aspects are also included to illustrate the impact this amazing set of colored proteins has made on our understanding of cell biology at the molecular level. The six articles presented here cut across several disciplines ranging from biological function to protein structure to photophysical aspects. These highly original pieces of work include both experimental and computational approaches, and will provide the reader with significant insight into current, state-of-the-art research activities in this very dynamic and fast-paced field. In the first part of this perspective, I will give a brief overview of the history and salient features of GFPs, cite some examples that illustrate their impact on biotechnology, and provide a brief review of the structural and chemical features that lend these proteins their fascinating appearance. In the second part, I will introduce each of the peer-reviewed contributions of the participating authors. [source] The Role of the Nurse on a Transdisciplinary Early Intervention Assessment TeamPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 4 2002Mary Beth Stepans Ph.D. Assessing young children with disabilities is a complex process requiring the expertise of a team of professionals from several disciplines. Team members often include the child's family members, early childhood special educators, clinical psychologists, speech-language pathologists, social workers, physical and occupational therapists, pediatricians, and nurses. A team approach meets standards of best practice in early childhood intervention and encourages full family participation in the assessment process. This article explores the process of team building, role release through a transdisciplinary approach, and a nurse's role on a transdisciplinary assessment team. [source] Cancer research with non-coding RNACANCER SCIENCE, Issue 12 2006Yasuhiro Tomaru Cancer research is not limited to medical research; it expands over several disciplines, incorporating molecular bioscience at both the macro and micro levels. All stages and aspects of cells, from development and differentiation, apoptosis, cell adhesion and many more, are research fields with a connection to cancer. Cancer research in itself is the research of cancer cures. Recently, not only cancer but also bioscience research has surfed on the new wave of RNA knowledge. Most of those RNAs are non-protein-coding RNAs and are connected to cell development and differentiation, and thereby with cancer differentiation and treatment. Here we would like to introduce the latest in cancer research that has emerged from the field of molecular biology research. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 1285,1290) [source] 3142: Radiation-induced lens opacities: towards a new strategy to address the low dose risk research with the European network DoReMiACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010P GOURMELON In 2010, a Network of Excellence called DoReMi was launched by the EURATOM FP7 programme. DoReMi will act during the next six years as an operational tool for the development of a research platform devoted to low dose risk research in Europe. The research activities of DoReMi are implemented within three work packages: WP5, WP6, and WP7, which are respectively concerned with the shape of the dose effect relationship, individual radiation sensitivity and non-cancer effects. The overarching objective of WP7 is to implement a long-term, integrated approach involving several disciplines, namely, epidemiology, radiobiology and toxicology, for the purpose of risk evaluation for radiation-induced non-cancer effects. One of the operational objectives of the DoReMi WP7 consists of undertaking feasibility studies addressing the issues of vascular effects, lens opacities and cognitive effects. The presentation to be given will provide the assembly with (i) information about the European low dose risk research strategy; (ii) latest knowledge about the epidemiological evidence of radiation-induced lens opacities; (iii) information about the feasibility study of lens opacities to be launched in a group of interventional cardiologists (iv) most promising mechanistic hypotheses for the development of radiation-induced lens opacities recognizing that while posterior subcapsular cataracts are characteristic of an exposure to ionizing radiation, several sets of data suggest that the broader category of posterior cortical cataracts may also be regarded as radiation-associated. Eventually the presentation will discuss the issue of a threshold for the development of radiation-induced lens opacities and list the scientific questions raised by the radiation protection community to the vision and eye research community. [source] | |||||||||||||