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Several Demographic (several + demographic)
Selected AbstractsButterflies and black lacy patterns: the prevalence and characteristics of Charles Bonnet hallucinations in an Australian populationCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Meri Vukicevic PhD Abstract Background:, Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is characterized by vivid, elaborate and recurrent visual hallucinations in psychologically normal people. It most often occurs in older, visually impaired persons. The prevalence of the syndrome has been reported at 1,40% in Asia, Europe and North America. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of CBS in the older aged, visually impaired population in Australia. Methods:, Two hundred consecutive patients attending ophthalmology clinics aged more than 60 years with best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or less were screened for CBS. Those who reported experiencing visual hallucinations were asked to participate in the project. They were then interviewed and asked demographic, general health and visual hallucination-related questions. A group of 30 non-hallucinating participants was chosen for comparison of demographic data. Results:, The prevalence was found to be 17.5%. Participants experiencing hallucinations were predominantly female with a mean age of 77.7 years. Correlations were found between the living situation, level of education and characteristics of the hallucinations such as the duration, length of time the participant had been experiencing them and their frequency. Conclusion:, The prevalence of CBS in the older-aged, low-vision population is 17.5%. Several demographic and syndrome-specific characteristics were found to be consistent enabling a profile of a CBS sufferer in this group of participants to be compiled. [source] Financial behaviours of consumers in credit counsellingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 2 2006Jing Jian Xiao Abstract Positive financial behaviours of consumers are examined using a national sample of consumers who use credit counselling services in the US from a behavioural economic perspective. The findings indicate that consumers in credit counselling may follow a hierarchical pattern in their financial behaviours, paying off debts and adjusting spending before considering saving. Consumers who are older, have a part-time job (vs. the unemployed), and report a more secure retirement, a better family relationship, and a higher score of self-evaluation of financial behaviours are likely to report more positive financial behaviours. Reporting more financial behaviours and a higher score of self-evaluation of financial behaviours, along with several demographic and perception variables, tend to reduce financial stress and increase financial satisfaction among consumers who use credit counselling services. [source] Young Jamaicans' attitudes toward mental illness: Experimental and demographic factors associated with social distance and stigmatizing opinionsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Dahra Jackson Two large-scale studies assessed the nature and correlates of young Jamaicans' attitudes toward mental illness. In study 1, students viewed a videotaped job interview for a teacher whose history was manipulated to include a history of mental illness, or not. Students desired significantly less social distance (i.e., more contact) with the "normal" confederate, followed by those with a mental illness history. The putative cause of the mental illness (biomedical vs. psychosocial) made no difference. Study 2, a survey study, revealed the presence of negative attitudes toward people with mental illness and several demographic (age, gender, social class, and rural vs. urban location) differences. Implications of the results for community public health, education, and stigma-reduction programs, as well as a comparison with research on stigma and attitudes toward mental illness in American culture, are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Demographic and life-history correlates for Amazonian treesJOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005Henrique E.M. Nascimento Abstract Questions: Which demographic and life-history differences are found among 95 sympatric tree species? Are there correlations among demographic parameters within this assemblage? Location: Central Amazonian rain forest. Methods: Using long-term data from 24 1,ha permanent plots, eight characteristics were estimated for each species: wood density, annual mortality rate, annual recruitment rate, mean stem diameter, maximum stem diameter, mean stem-growth rate, maximum stem-growth rate, population density. Results: An ordination analysis revealed that tree characteristics varied along two major axes of variation, the major gradient expressing light requirements and successional status, and the second gradient related to tree size. Along these gradients, four relatively discrete tree guilds could be distinguished: fast-growing pioneer species, shade-tolerant sub-canopy species, canopy trees, and emergent species. Pioneers were uncommon and most trees were canopy or emergent species, which frequently had low mortality and recruitment. Wood density was negatively associated with tree mortality, recruitment, and growth rates when all species were considered. Growth rates varied markedly among and within species, with pioneers exhibiting far faster and less variable growth rates than did the other species. Slow growth in subcanopy species relative to canopy and emergent trees was not a simple consequence of mean tree size, but apparently resulted from physiological constraints imposed by low-light and other conditions in the forest understorey. Conclusions: Trees of Amazonian rain forests could be classified with some success into four relatively distinctive guilds. However, several demographic and life-history traits, such as those that distinguish early and late successional species, probably vary along a continuum, rather than being naturally grouped into relatively discrete categories. [source] Dietary and health supplement use among older Australians: results from a national surveyAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 4 2003Sonya Brownie Objectives: To measure the extent of dietary and health supplement use among older Australians and to contrast older supplement users from older non-supplement users. Method: Survey participants (n= 1,263) provided information related to demographic, health and lifestyle features. The target population were Australians aged 65 years and over, randomly chosen from the Australian Electoral Commission. Data was obtained using a 12-page self-administered, mail questionnaire. Results: Forty-three percent (n=548) of the sample reported using at least one dietary and health supplement, 52% of females and 35% of males. Supplement use was significantly related to several demographic and lifestyle features including: gender, educational level, smoking status and number of visits to complementary health therapists. Conclusions: Clearly, supplements were chosen more for their perceived ability to attenuate or modify ailments, rather than their role in correcting nutritional deficiencies. Older Australians appear intent on taking health matters in their own hands. Approximately one third of them rarely inform their doctor about the supplements they use, which raises concerns about the safety and appropriateness of this action. [source] Self-esteem in children and adolescents with mobility impairment: impact on well-being and coping strategiesACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2009L Jemtå Abstract Aim: The first aim was to investigate dimension-specific and global self-esteem in children and adolescents with mobility impairment and to analyse the relation between self-esteem and demographic data and disability characteristics. The second aim was to identify the impact of five self-esteem dimensions on well-being and coping strategies. Methods: A total of 138 children and adolescents aged 7,18 years with mobility impairment took part in a semi-structured interview. Demographic and disability characteristics were recorded and motor function was assessed. Self-esteem was measured by the ,I think I am' inventory. Perceived overall well-being was measured by a nine-grade visual scale, the Snoopy scale, and coping strategies by the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist. Results: Although a majority estimated a relatively high level of dimension-specific and global self-esteem, several demographic and disability factors for lower self-esteem were identified. Those who estimated their ,physical characteristics' lower used the coping strategy ,distraction' more often. Three out of five dimensions of self-esteem were positively associated with perceived overall well-being: ,physical characteristics', ,psychological well-being' and ,relationships with others'. Conclusion: Awareness of vulnerability factors for lower self-esteem in children and adolescents with mobility impairment offer health care professionals specific opportunities to enhance self-esteem in this group. [source] | ||||||||||