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Earth and Environmental Science	50%

Selected Abstracts

Three-dimensional flow modelling and sediment transport in the River Klarälven

EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 7 2004
Bijan Dargahi
Abstract A three-dimensional ,ow model that uses the RNG k - , turbulence model and a non-equilibrium wall function was applied to the River Klarälven in the southwest part of Sweden. The objectives were to study the nature of the ,ow in the river bifurcation and to investigate the short-term sediment transport patterns in the river. The effectiveness of three-dimensional ,ow models depends upon: (1) how well the river geometry and it surface roughness are modelled; and (2) the choice of the closure model. Improvements were obtained by modelling the river in two parts: the entire river reach, and a selected part. Composite Manning coef,cients were used to account for roughness properties. The method requires a calibration process that ensures the water surface pro,les match the ,eld data. The k - , model under-predicted both the extent of ,ow separation zones and the number of secondary ,ow regions having a spiral motion, in comparison with the RNG k - , model. The 3-D model could predict with good accuracy both the general and secondary ,ow ,elds in the river. The results agreed well with the 3-D velocity measurements using an acoustic Doppler current pro,ler. A conceptual model was developed that accounts for the development of secondary ,ows in a river bifurcation having two bends. The main ,ow feature in the river cross-sections was the existence of multiple counter-rotating spiral motions. The number of spiral motions increased as the river bends were approached. The river bends also caused vorticity intensi,cation and increased the vertical velocities. The application of the 3-D ,ow model was extended by solving the sediment continuity equation. The sediment transport patterns were related to the secondary ,ow ,elds in the river. The sediment transport patterns at the river bifurcations are characterized by the growth of a sandbank. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

FishPathogens.eu/vhsv: a user-friendly viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolate and sequence database

JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 11 2009
S P Jonstrup
Abstract A database has been created, http://www.FishPathogens.eu, with the aim of providing a single repository for collating important information on significant pathogens of aquaculture, relevant to their control and management. This database will be developed, maintained and managed as part of the European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases function. This concept has been initially developed for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and will be extended in future to include information on other significant aquaculture pathogens. Information included for each isolate comprises sequence, geographical origin, host origin and useful key literature. Various search mechanisms make it easy to find specific groups of isolates. Search results can be presented in several different ways including table-based, map-based and graph-based outputs. When retrieving sequences, the user is given freedom to obtain data from any selected part of the genome of interest. The output of the sequence search can be readily retrieved as a FASTA file ready to be imported into a sequence alignment tool of choice, facilitating further molecular epidemiological study. [source]

An Approach to Interdisciplinary Training in Postgraduate Education

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2006
P Brodin
Aims, A primary goal for clinical graduate training is to provide the student with the expertise required for specialist treatment in the actual discipline. At the same time there is an increasing need for a broader perspective on specialist care and the students should be aware of the limitations inherent in own specialty. In order to plan treatment in the best interest of the patient, and to be prepared to take part in treatments involving other specialties, the students should be exposed to interdisciplinary cooperation throughout the training. An approach to joint academic and clinical training with the purpose of providing graduate students with a broader perspective on specialist care is described and discussed. Material and methods, During their first year graduate students in the 7 different disciplines complete a joint Core Curriculum consisting of 8 different courses to stimulate a scientific approach to their profession and understanding of basic biologic mechanisms. To create a learning environment focusing on the development of interdisciplinary competence, a joint clinic has been established. Teams of students from different disciplines have been organized in order to establish ,partnership' for the treatment of patients with complex problems. The students also take part in the sessions held by a faculty Team of experts for assessment and treatment planning of referred patients with complex problems. Furthermore, faculty members conduct courses and seminars for students from other disciplines and students also participate in selected parts of the regular program in other disciplines. Results, Formal evaluation has so far been conducted for the Core Curriculum. Most students respond that they are satisfied with the courses, and the curriculum has also been adjusted based on the comments. The students report that treatment of patients in need of interdisciplinary treatment has been facilitated by having ,partners' in other disciplines. Participation in the Team of expert's sessions has been appreciated, and the attendance at interdisciplinary courses and seminars has been good. Conclusions, Based on the experience over the last 5 years, the interdisciplinary aspects of graduate training should be expanded to stimulate a holistic approach also to specialist treatment. [source]

CT and Cross-sectional Anatomy of the Normal Head of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005
A. Arencibia
The objective of this study is to describe the CT anatomy of the normal loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) head using three loggerhead sea turtle heads. CT imaging was performed using the following parameters: K.v.: 120 mAs: 220, and a soft-tissue window (WW 1880, WL 465): Transverse and sagittal CT images were obtained. Detailed anatomy of the head was acquired with the sagittal and transverse series. The heads were frozen and then sectioned using an electric saw, to compare them with the CT images. In CT, the grey scale is directly related to the radiation attenuation of the head structures. The skull and hyoid bones, and the lower jaw were easily identifiable due to the high CT density image compared to adjacent or surrounding structures such as the respiratory system, oral cavity, oesophagus and cranial cavity that appeared as a low opacity. The nervous structures, salt gland, eyeball, ramphoteca structure and different muscles of the head had an intermediate CT density and appeared grey. CT images of the loggerhead sea turtle head provided excellent detail of clinically relevant anatomy and correlated well with corresponding gross specimens. CT of the head has considerable advantages over other techniques: CT provides excellent spatial resolution and good discrimination between bone and soft tissue, and the structures are viewed without superimposition. The planimetric or sectional anatomy of the head allows a correct morphologic and topographic evaluation of the anatomic structures, which is a useful tool for the identification of the CT images. With developing technology, CT imaging may soon become more readily available for exotic animals imaging. In the same way, we consider it quite useful to be able to establish some references on head, in order to scan only selected parts during a clinical or experimental approach. The information presented in this communication should serve as an initial reference to evaluate CT images of the loggerhead sea turtle head and to assist interpretation of lesions of this region. [source]