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Selling Price (selling + price)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	66%

Selected Abstracts

Listing Price, Time on Market, and Ultimate Selling Price: Causes and Effects of Listing Price Changes

REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2002
John R. Knight
Information about price changes during a home's marketing period is typically missing from data used to investigate the listing price, selling price, and selling time relationship. This paper incorporates price revision information into the study of this relationship. Using a maximum-likelihood probit model, we examine the determinants of list price changes and find evidence consistent with the theory of pricing behavior under demand uncertainty. Homes most likely to undergo list price changes are those with high initial markups and vacant homes, while homes with unusual features are the least likely to experience a price revision. We also explore the impact of missing price change information on estimating a representative model of house price and market time. Our results suggest that mispricing the home in the initial listing is costly to the seller in both time and money. Homes with large percentage changes in list price take longer to sell and ultimately sell at lower prices. [source]

Retailer's Response to Alternate Manufacturer's Incentives Under a Single-Period, Price-Dependent, Stochastic-Demand Framework,

DECISION SCIENCES, Issue 4 2005
F. J. Arcelus
ABSTRACT This article considers the joint development of the optimal pricing and ordering policies of a profit-maximizing retailer, faced with (i) a manufacturer trade incentive in the form of a price discount for itself or a rebate directly to the end customer; (ii) a stochastic consumer demand dependent upon the magnitude of the selling price and of the trade incentive, that is contrasted with a riskless demand, which is the expected value of the stochastic demand; and (iii) a single-period newsvendor-type framework. Additional analysis includes the development of equal profit policies in either form of trade incentive, an assessment of the conditions under which a one-dollar discount is more profitable than a one-dollar rebate, and an evaluation of the impact upon the retailer-expected profits of changes in either incentive or in the degree of demand uncertainty. A numerical example highlights the main features of the model. The analytical and numerical results clearly show that, as compared to the results for the riskless demand, dealing with uncertainty through a stochastic demand leads to (i) (lower) higher retail prices if additive (multiplicative) error, (ii) lower (higher) pass throughs if additive (multiplicative) error, (iii) higher claw backs in both error structures wherever applicable, and (iv) higher rebates to achieve equivalent profits in both error structures. [source]

Optimal manufacturer's pricing and lot-sizing policies under trade credit financing

INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 6 2006
Jinn-Tsair Teng
Abstract In this paper, we extend Goyal's economic order quantity (EOQ) model to allow for the following four important facts: (1) the manufacturer's selling price per unit is necessarily higher than its unit cost, (2) the interest rate charged by a bank is not necessarily higher than the manufacturer's investment return rate, (3) the demand rate is a downward-sloping function of the price, and (4) an economic production quantity (EPQ) model is a generalized EOQ model. We then establish an appropriate EPQ model accordingly, in which the manufacturer receives the supplier trade credit and provides the customer trade credit simultaneously. As a result, the proposed model is in a general framework that includes numerous previous models as special cases. Furthermore, we provide an easy-to-use closed-form optimal solution to the problem for any given price. Finally, we develop an algorithm for the manufacturer to determine its optimal price and lot size simultaneously. [source]

Potential Synergies and Challenges in Refining Cellulosic Biomass to Fuels, Chemicals, and Power

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2003
Charles E. Wyman
Lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural and forestry residues and dedicated crops provides a low-cost and uniquely sustainable resource for production of many organic fuels and chemicals that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security, improve the economy, dispose of problematic solid wastes, and improve air quality. A technoeconomic analysis of biologically processing lignocellulosics to ethanol is adapted to project the cost of making sugar intermediates for producing a range of such products, and sugar costs are predicted to drop with plant size as a result of economies of scale that outweigh increased biomass transport costs for facilities processing less than about 10,000 dry tons per day. Criteria are then reviewed for identifying promising chemicals in addition to fuel ethanol to make from these low cost cellulosic sugars. It is found that the large market for ethanol makes it possible to achieve economies of scale that reduce sugar costs, and coproducing chemicals promises greater profit margins or lower production costs for a given return on investment. Additionally, power can be sold at low prices without a significant impact on the selling price of sugars. However, manufacture of multiple products introduces additional technical, marketing, risk, scale-up, and other challenges that must be considered in refining of lignocellulosics. [source]

Petroleum product scarcity: a review of the supply and distribution of petroleum products in Nigeria

OPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 1 2006
Osi S. Akpoghomeh
Nigeria ranks high among the comity of oil producers both at the world level and among the OPEC eleven. It is, therefore, paradoxical that the supply of all petroleum products is erratic and has declined sharply in the recent past. This paper thus reviews the petroleum product supply and distribution systems in the country to ascertain the extent to which the system may have contributed to the present product scarcity in Nigeria and, by extension, identify the causes of the present regime of petroleum product scarcity. The paper observes that the network density and connectivity of petroleum product distribution pipelines are low and both indicators consequently show the inadequacy/deficiency of the network in ensuring an efficient distribution system. The supply mode, on the other hand, has, over the years, demonstrated its inability to guarantee adequate supply due to factors including sabotage, vandalism, banditry and poorly maintained infrastructure. Further, the federal government and the major and independent marketers could not sustain the importation of petroleum products because of the shortfall between the landed cost of imported products and their selling prices in Nigeria, which made the business unprofitable. Finally, the paper examines the withdrawal by the federal government of subsidies on the price of petroleum products consumed locally. All the above factors together occasioned increases in the cost of products. In conclusion, this paper supports the call for the privatization of refineries and the depot/pipeline system as a viable option to end the supply problems. [source]

Barnacle culture: background, potential and challenges

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 10 2010
Daniel A. López
Abstract There are approximately a dozen species of commercially interesting barnacles worldwide, some of which have been cultured on a semi-industrial scale. These species are listed and information is provided with regard to geographical distribution, landings and prices. Traditionally, ,goose' barnacles (four species) are considered to be the most important for consumption. World production already stands at 500 tonnes year,1, but this species has not been cultured to date. Some ,acorn' barnacles are also consumed (seven species), with harvest levels per species that do not exceed 200 tonnes year,1 and selling prices that can reach US$17/kg. ,Acorn' barnacle culture on a world scale is still developing. Nevertheless, production has occurred on a semi-industrial scale; specifically, spat have been collected from the wild and grown in suspended systems. Farming trials have focused on two species of acorn barnacles: Austromegabalanus psittacus (Molina 1782) ,picoroco' in Chile and Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry 1916) ,craca' in Portugal. The large-scale production of these crustaceans will depend on the optimization of spat collection from the wild and/or the parallel development of mass production technologies for larvae (hatcheries). In addition, further development will be achieved by opening up new markets for commercialization. [source]