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Self-regulation Processes (self-regulation + process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Psychology75%

Selected Abstracts

Atom transfer radical polymerization of n -butyl acrylate catalyzed by CuBr/N -(n -hexyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 21 2002
Huiqi Zhang
Abstract The homogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n -butyl acrylate with CuBr/N -(n -hexyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine as a catalyst and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate as an initiator was investigated. The kinetic plots of ln([M]0/[M]) versus the reaction time for the ATRP systems in different solvents such as toluene, anisole, N,N -dimethylformamide, and 1-butanol were linear throughout the reactions, and the experimental molecular weights increased linearly with increasing monomer conversion and were very close to the theoretical values. These, together with the relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index , 1.40 in most cases with monomer conversion > 50%), indicated that the polymerization was living and controlled. Toluene appeared to be the best solvent for the studied ATRP system in terms of the polymerization rate and molecular weight distribution among the solvents used. The polymerization showed zero order with respect to both the initiator and the catalyst, probably because of the presence of a self-regulation process at the beginning of the reaction. The reaction temperature had a positive effect on the polymerization rate, and the optimum reaction temperature was found to be 100 °C. An apparent enthalpy of activation of 81.2 kJ/mol was determined for the ATRP of n -butyl acrylate, corresponding to an enthalpy of equilibrium of 63.6 kJ/mol. An apparent enthalpy of activation of 52.8 kJ/mol was also obtained for the ATRP of methyl methacrylate under similar reaction conditions. Moreover, the CuBr/N -(n -hexyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine-based system was proven to be applicable to living block copolymerization and living random copolymerization of n -butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3549,3561, 2002 [source]

Expertise and self-regulation processes in a professional task

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2009
Nathalie Huet
This study investigated self-regulation processes in a professional task, a beverage service task, using the model of self-regulated study. The main purpose was to explore how self-regulatory activity changes both with professional experience and with memory task demands. In a simulated beverage service task, 22 beginner waiters and 22 experienced waiters were asked to request the drink ordered by each customer until they were sure they knew the entire order. Then, they had to execute an immediate recall of the customer-beverage pairs and a delayed recall. Results showed that globally beginners did not modify their self-regulation processes as a function of task demands. By contrast to beginners, experienced waiters increased their self-regulatory activity when they had to face with a more demanding task. Besides, experts showed higher recall performance than beginners under all conditions. In the conclusion, results from this more naturalistic task were compared to those obtained in experimental studies and discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Self-Regulation Research in Work and I/O Psychology

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
Ruth Kanfer
Les recherches de psychologie industrielle/organisationnelle (I/O) sur les objectifs et l'autorégulation ont prospéré durant les trois dernières décennies. Initiés par le travail fécond de Locke, Latham et de leurs collègues qui ont souligné l'influence positive d'objectifs elairs et sollicitants sur les performances, de nombreux courants de recherche sont apparus pour étudier à la fois les déterminants et les conséquences des objectifs et des processus d'autorégulation sur les conduites et les variables dépendantes relatives au travail (voir par exemple Locke, Shaw, Saari, & Latham, 1981; Vancouver, 2000 pour une revue de questions). Vancouver et Day (2005) constatent que si les chercheurs en organisations ont tenté d'évaluer la validité externe et critérielle, ils se sont moins intéressés à la validité interne et de construction des variables-clés et de concepts tels que les objectifs, la rétroaction, la divergence et l'efficacité personnelle. Dans le même ordre d'idées, Vancouver et Day (2004) concluent que les validations des interventions I/O fondées sur la perspective objectif/autorégulation détectent généralement des effcts positifs, mais que ces travaux sont insuffisants pour déterminer les dimensions spécifiques du processus objectif/autorégulation qui sont en rapport avec l'amélioration de la performance. Dans ce court article, j'aborde ces problèmes concemant la recherche sur les objectifs et l'autorégulation d'un triple point de vue: le progrès scientifique, les applications et les buts des investigations I/O. Over the past three decades, industrial/organisational (I/O) research on goals and self-regulation has flourished. Beginning with the seminal work by Locke, Latham, and their colleagues showing the positive influence of difficult and specific goals on task performance, multiple streams of research have emerged to investigate both the determinants and consequences of goals and self-regulation processes on work-related behaviors and outcomes (see, e.g. Locke, Shaw, Saari, & Latham, 1981; Vancouver, 2000, for reviews). In a review of this work, Vancouver and Day (2005) suggest that although organisational researchers have sought evidence for external and criterion-related validity, less attention has been given to the construct and internal validity of key variables and concepts, such as goals, self-efficacy, feedback, discrepancy, and self-efficacy. In a related vein, Vancouver and Day (2005) conclude that although I/O intervention studies based on the goal/self-regulation perspective show generally positive effects, such studies are insufficient for understanding how specific aspects of the goal/self-regulation process relate to enhanced performance. In this short note, I consider these concerns about goal/self-regulation research in I/O psychology from three perspectives: (1) scientific progress, (2) applications, and (3) the goals of I/O research. [source]