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Self-image
Selected AbstractsSelf-Image of People in Their FiftiesNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002Laiad Jamjan People in their fifties experience a transitional phase in aging. The impact of physical and emotional change is considerable due to deteriorated health and economic status. With the onset of aging, self-image of the pre-senescent provides an understanding of one's perceptions and thoughts on aging. Therefore, increased awareness of the pre-senescents' needs has resulted in further development of the nurse's role in health promotion. The main aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of self-image, a key factor of health promotion in the pre-senescent. The study participants consisted of 10 women in their fifties from the Aging Club at 43rd Health Center, Bangkok, Thailand. Focus group interview was used to explore self-image. The interview focused on the concept of health, aging, retirement, and the impact of change. Health results: The majority (80%) of the participants agreed that the definition of health was the equilibrium of basic needs. The definition of good health to them was a delightful mood. They described the concept of good health as either the balance of excretion, sleep and rest, or being free of disease and personal illness. Three participants complained of health problems because they had to take care of their husbands. Deteriorated health was found to be the stimulus to such aging states as blurred vision, hearing loss, menopause, and osteoporosis. Aging: The participants accepted that aging was a naturally occurring phenomenon. ,Age is only a number', ,If our minds are still young, our bodies will be youthful.' They did not want to be called ,old'. Retirement: Represents a time when they will be lonely and lack financial support. This also was described as the autumn of life. It was seen as the time to enjoy the golden years of life. The impact of changes: The participants experienced emotional changes such as increased sensitivity of feelings and needed family support. They also complained of physical changes (i.e. loss of appetite, teeth and agility). Only one participant, who had improved her emotional maturity, was proud of aging. Conclusion: For the pre-senescent, the aging transition begins with the changes in one's physical and mental condition. An optimistic attitude towards this process enables the pre-senescent to approach and better accept the process of aging. Nurses therefore need to continue to develop holistic approaches in caring for the aging. [source] Self-image and burnout in psychiatric staffJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2000M. Jeanneau phd Burnout was tested for in 754 mental health workers and related to self-image as assessed with Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB, Benjamin 1974). A positive relation was found between burnout and negative self-image, and between the experience of personal accomplishment and positive self-image. Compared to self-image, gender, age and work setting did not explain any variance in burnout. Highly burned-out persons had a significantly more negative self-image than staff who had rated themselves as low burnout. Finally, the relation between self-image and burnout was studied in 210 subjects who had completed their self-image ratings one year before burnout was measured, with the same results: a negative self-image was related to higher burnout one year later. One general conclusion is that a tendency in staff to treat themselves in negative ways may function as a negative filter for coping with difficulties at work and thus be a risk factor for burnout. [source] Change of self-image in patients with neurotic, borderline and psychotic disturbancesCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 4 2003Åke Granberg Changes in the self-image of severely disturbed psychiatric patients diagnosed with Kernberg's (1981) structural interview as having neurotic, borderline and psychotic personality organization (NPO, BPO and PPO) were studied in a naturalistic 5-year follow-up programme of milieu treatment. Self-image was measured with Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, 1974) introject ratings. After treatment all patients had changed in the affiliation dimension of the self-image, while there was almost no change in the interdependence dimension. A more detailed analysis showed that for the NPO and PPO patients the higher overall affiliation was due to a less attacking self-image, while for the BPO patients it was due to more self-love. Both at intake and follow-up the PPO patients' ratings showed a positive self-image and those of the BPO patients showed high self-control. These ratings contrast with the diagnostic descriptions of such patients. It is suggested that these differences in perspective might lead to interpersonal problems.,Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Juvenile sexual delinquents: contrasting child abusers with peer abusersCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2004J. Hendriks MA Background There is growing concern regarding juvenile sex offenders, and concomitant interest in a more scientific database which could help direct management and treatment resources. Aims To investigate whether juveniles who sexually offend against children (or those at least five years younger than themselves) differ from those who sexually assault their peers or older victims. Method The study is based on data from psychological screenings conducted for the juvenile courts in the Netherlands. Results As hypothesized, juvenile child molesters scored higher on neuroticism, had experienced more social problems, and had been bullied more often at school than their peers who sexually assaulted same-age or older victims. Child molesters also reported a more negative self-image. When referred for screening, they were younger but had committed more sex offences, more often against males than females. Conclusions The results were suggestive of greater need for psychological interventions in the child molester group, although in both groups substantial minorities had had experience of early childhood deprivation or abuse. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Childhood predictors of adult criminality: are all risk factors reflected in childhood aggressiveness?CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2002L. Rowell Huesmann Background Early aggressive behaviour is one of the best predictors of adult criminality. Aim To assess the degree to which family background variables, parental beliefs and behaviour and child intelligence predict child aggression and adult criminality. Method Data were used from the Colombia County Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal study of 856 children in third grade in New York, in 1959,60. Adult measures of criminal behaviour, child measures taken at age eight, child peer-nominated aggression, child's peer-nominated popularity, child's IQ and parental measures at eight years were used. Results Aggressive children were less intelligent, less popular, rejected more by their parents, had parents who believed in punishment, were less identified with their parents' self-image and were less likely to express guilt. As adults, more aggressive children with parents who were less well educated, experienced more marital disharmony and who seldom attended church were most at risk for arrest. However, after the effect of early aggression was controlled, most effects disappeared and only parents having a strong belief in punishment added significantly to risk of arrest by age 30; the only fact that then reduced the risk of arrest was having parents who attended church often. Both parental authoritarianism and child IQ reduced the risk of conviction for arrested children. Discussion Level of aggression at age eight is the best predictor of criminal events over the next 22 years. A clear implication is that the risk for criminality is affected by much that happens to a boy before he is eight years old. Preventive interventions need to target risk factors that appear to influence the development of early aggression. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Living with anorexia nervosa: the experience of a cohort of sufferers from anorexia nervosa 7.5 years after initial presentation to a specialized eating disorders serviceEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2001Eric J. Button Abstract Objective The main aim of the present study was to further understand how sufferers from anorexia nervosa view the disorder, how it affects their lives and how they experience treatment and help. Method A cohort of anorectic patients were followed up 7.5 years after presentation at a specialist locally-based eating disorders service for adults. All subjects were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview and complete a series of questionnaires. Results Thirty-six subjects were interviewed and the group as a whole showed marked improvement compared with initial presentation, but only 14 per cent were judged to be free of the disorder and about one-quarter remained entrenched in the world of anorexia nervosa. The main results focus on common themes which emerged from the interview and extensive quotes from subjects are used for illustrative purposes. Although each person expressed a very individual experience of the disorder, a common theme was of it emerging as a response to a sense of loss of control in one or more areas of their lives, often centering on their self-image and problems in relationships with others. Although the disorder was commonly experienced as having a devastating effect on their lives, the focus on weight and eating at least offered them some semblance of control. A wide range of experiences of treatment were reported, but there was considerable consensus regarding the importance of individual psychotherapy/counselling and of the quality of relationship with a therapist. Discussion This study confirms the often long-term psychological problems experienced by sufferers from anorexia nervosa and helps to illuminate the client's perspective on the disorder and other people's attempts to help. The individual views of the sufferer are an important consideration for those involved in the planning and delivery of services for these vulnerable people. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] ,Die Neue Frau' in the Correspondence of Johanna Kinkel, Malwida von Meysenbug and Fanny LewaldGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 3 2004Ruth Whittle Johanna Kinkel (1810,58), Malwida von Meysenbug (1816,1903) and Fanny Lewald (1811,89) were three key female thinkers in Germany at the time of the Revolution of 1848/49. This article establishes the significance of their little known, in part unpublished, early correspondence and demonstrates the difficulty of any generalising account of ,women's history' and ,women's writing'. The exchanges between the three correspondents are shaped by a series of conflicting attitudes and pressures. On the one hand the correspondents wanted to help create a politically enlightened Germany and thus tended to project images of their addressees or themselves as ,new women'. On the other hand they were concerned to present, even to one another, a self-image that conformed to current, rather conservative, social norms and prescriptions. All three women found it difficult to sustain either image under pressure from the conflicts in their daily lives. Some of the reasons for the ultimate disappointment of their hopes for rapid change can be traced in this correspondence. [source] China's Minorities, Cultural Change, and Ethnic IdentityHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2005Donald S. Sutton China's non-Han ethnic groups have been precipitated both through assimilation and territorial expulsion at the hands of the agriculturalists who gradually formed the Han Chinese majority and became the basis of empire, and by the last dynasty's incorporation of the thinly populated regions to the west and north. Recent research distinguishes assimilation from acculturation, indicating that both may occur at local initiative on local terms, and in the non-Han as well as the Han direction. New ethnicities have emerged through ecological adaptation and isolation. China's recognized minorities continue to play an important role in defining both the self-image of Han Chinese and China's identity as a modern nation-state. [source] Emotions and self-esteem as indicators of somatic complaints in childrenINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2006Mark Meerum Terwogt Abstract The literature on somatic complaints in children without a clear physical medical cause often demonstrates connections with various psychological factors, such as negative emotions and problems handling them, poor self-image, and coping potential. We entered these elements into a structural model to elucidate the relationships among them and tested it on 330 children (mean age 10 years and 9 months). The results showed that mood balance contributed most to the prediction of self-reported somatic complaints. Moreover, mood (in combination with anxiety and depression problems) had an indirect impact on children's somatic complaints by influencing self-esteem. The influence and position of coping was less clear. The results are discussed in terms of the ,symptom perception theory'. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Self-expression and the negotiation of identity in a foreign language1INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, Issue 3 2006Philip RileyArticle first published online: 24 OCT 200 analyse de discours; expression de soi; negociation d'identité; ethos; pratiques communicatives This article sets out an approach to the architecture, perception and negotiation of personal identity in relation to a number of issues in the fields of social interaction, communication and language teaching. In part one, particular attention is paid to the concept of ethos, a collaborative construct resulting from mutually influencing communcative behaviours: a speaker's projected self-image as assessed and perceived by hearers. In part two a variety of communicative practices involved in the negotiation of identity are exemplified and analysed, including membershipping, anecdote and pragmatic failure, and their relevance to applied linguistics is discussed. Cet article expose une approche de l'architecture, de la perception et de la negociation de l'identité personnelle par rapport à un certain nombre de questions d'ordre interactif, communicatif et didactique. La première partie concerne particulièrement la notion de l'ethos, une construction collaborative qui est le fruit de comportements communicatifs qui s'influent réciproquement: l'image de soi du locuteur telle qu'elle est perçue et évaluée par un interlocuteur. La deuxième partie illustre et analyse certaines pratiques communicatives courantes qui participent à la négociation de l'identité, y compris les stratégies d'identification, l'anecdote et l'échec pragmatique, et examine leurs implications pour la linguistique appliquée. [source] Spirituality and clinical care in eating disorders: A qualitative studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2007Patricia Marsden MA Abstract Objective: Historical and contemporary research has posited links between eating disorders and religious asceticism. This study aimed to examine relationships between eating disorders, religion, and treatment. Method: Qualitative study using purposeful sampling, applying audiotaped and transcribed depth interview, subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Participants were 10 adult Christian women receiving inpatient treatment for anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Five dominant categories emerged: locus of control, sacrifice, self-image, salvation, maturation. Appetitive control held moral connotations. Negative self-image was common, based more on sin than body-image. Medical treatment could be seen as salvation, with religious conversion manifesting a quest for healing, but treatment failure threatened faith. Beliefs matured during treatment, with prayer, providing a healing relationship. Conclusion: Religious beliefs impact on attitudes and motivation in eating disorders. Clinicians' sensitivity determines how beliefs influence clinical outcome. Treatment modifies beliefs such that theological constructs of illness cannot be ignored. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006 [source] The patient's view on quality of life and eating disordersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2007Simone de la Rie MA Abstract Objective: This study investigated the personal views of eating disorder (ED) patients on their quality of life (QOL). Method: The views of 146 current ED patients and 146 former ED patients on their QOL were studied using a self-report questionnaire. Patients were requested to name the most important aspects of their life and they subsequently rated themselves on these aspects. Qualitative analysis clustered items into meaningful categories. Results: A sense of belonging was mentioned most often (93.0%) by the participants. Work or education, health and well-being were also mentioned frequently. Furthermore, participants stated a sense of self, disease-specific psychopathology, life skills, leisure activities, a sense of purpose, financial situation, living condition, and pets. Current ED patients more frequently mentioned disease-specific psychopathology than former ED patients. Current ED patients reported poor QOL on most domains, particularly on self-image and well-being. Former ED patients reported better QOL than current ED patients, but ratings were just above average. Conclusion: The views on QOL of ED patients broadens the scope of relevant domains of QOL. The assessment of these views may be a useful adjunct to the use of standardized QOL measures. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006 [source] Turkish Student Attitudes about the United StatesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2003Results from a Survey of 112 International Relations Majors at Two Universities in Ankara Abstract The survey evolved as part of a deliberate and systematic attempt by a Fulbright Senior Lecturer to ascertain her Turkish students' assumptions about the United States in the world. Such information would not only have implications for teaching the content of international relations and U.S. foreign policy courses, it also would prove useful in making cultural connections. The survey's results generally portray an aggressive, dominating, interventionist United States, a view that belies the benign self-image held by most U.S. citizens and their leaders. [source] Experiences of loss and chronic sorrow in persons with severe chronic illnessJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3a 2007Gerd Ahlström PhD Aims and objectives., The aims of the present study were to describe losses narrated by persons afflicted with severe chronic physical illness and to identify the concomitant occurrence of chronic sorrow. Background., Reactions connected with repeated losses are referred to in the literature as chronic sorrow, which has recently been described in conjunction with chronic illness. Design., A qualitative study with an abductive approach of analysis, including both inductive and deductive interpretations. Method., The study is based on 30 persons of working age with average disease duration of 18 years. The average age was 51 years. All of the persons had personal assistance for at least three months because of considerable need for help in daily life due to physical disability. Each person was interviewed twice. There was also an independent assessment of the deductive results concerning chronic sorrow. Results., The inductive findings show that all persons had experienced repeated physical, emotional and social losses. Most common were ,Loss of bodily function', ,Loss of relationship', ,Loss of autonomous life' and ,Loss of the life imagined'. ,Loss of identity' included the loss of human worth, dignity and a changed self-image. In addition, the deductive findings suggest that chronic sorrow exists in the study population. Sixteen of 30 participating subjects were assessed by both assessors to be in a state of chronic sorrow and there was an especially high agreement with respect to one criterion of chronic sorrow ,Loss experience, ongoing or single event' (28 of 30 subjects). Conclusions., This study shows that persons with severe chronic illness often experience recurring losses. These experiences are consistent with the phenomenon of chronic sorrow. Relevance to clinical practice., Knowledge of the existence of chronic sorrow in persons with chronic illness will enable nurses to support these persons in a more sensitive and appropriate way. [source] Dimensions of brand purchasing behaviour: consumers in the 18,24 age groupJOURNAL OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, Issue 1 2004Lisa Wood Abstract This paper reports the results of a study of brand selection and loyalty within the 18,24 age group. The study explores brand loyalty behaviour across different product categories, and investigates the dimensions that drive loyalty behaviour within this age group. First, the construct of brand loyalty is defined, followed by an overview of key research in the area. Finally, the study itself is detailed. The study concludes that there is a significant difference in the degree of brand loyalty exhibited by the 18,24-year-old respondents across product categories. The dimensions of brand selection also vary by product type. Brand heritage in terms of parental influence was evident in coffee and toothpaste purchase, with brand as a reflection of self-image being something that is important to clothing brands. Value and variety are important attributes of cereal brand selection. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd. [source] Psychological aspects of hair diseaseJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Ramon Grimalt Summary Balding men are viewed as less desirable in a physical, personal, and social sense. Given the stereotype, it is not surprising that some men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) appear to have a lower self-image, depression resulting in increased introversion, and increased feelings of unattractiveness. Ours is a culture that places a premium on physical appearance. In this context, appearance-altering conditions can be psychosocially insidious, especially conditions such as AGA with an uncertain course and a negative social meaning. To date, little or no data have been available regarding the psychosocial and quality-of-life aspects of AGA in a representative sample of community men. It is unknown whether AGA is a causal factor in the development of low self-esteem, depression, introversion, and feeling of unattractiveness, or whether there are underlying problems in certain patients prior to hair loss. Longitudinal studies will be important to investigate the temporal relationships between the degree of hair loss and psychosocial variables associated with AGA. A patient with male pattern baldness will be better treated and consequently more satisfied (better quality of life) if he receives effective anti-alopecia agents and simultaneously is evaluated and treated, if needed, for his psychological disorder. [source] Numeracy for adults with Down syndrome: it's a matter of quality of lifeJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2005R. Faragher Abstract Background Numeracy development is widely accepted as critical for adults in the general community which is equally the case for adults with Down syndrome. This paper reports some of the findings of a study including the research question: What is the justification for numeracy development for adults with Down syndrome? Investigating this question led to the search for a framework to support the ongoing development of numeracy. Method The research used a case study methodology. Five adults were observed and interviewed in two contexts each. The data were analyzed to identify links to the quality of life model. Results The research illustrates how a quality of life approach can be used to justify and guide the lifelong development of numeracy. Data from the case studies linked numeracy to quality of life under the principles of personal contexts, variability, life-span perspective, values, choices and personal control, perceptions and self-image. Conclusions The principles of quality of life can provide a framework for the development of numeracy in the context of adulthood and Down syndrome. Preparation for the numeracy needs of a long and satisfying adulthood should begin in early childhood, continue in schools with the teaching of underlying mathematics concepts and skills, and be modified and refined throughout adulthood by the use of a numeracy development plan. Carers and professionals interacting in the contexts need to adopt a teaching role for numeracy. [source] Struggling with an unfamiliar and unreliable body: the experience of irritable bowel syndromeJOURNAL OF NURSING AND HEALTHCARE OF CHRONIC ILLNE SS: AN INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Cecilia Håkanson MSc Aim., To describe the phenomenon living with irritable bowel syndrome from a life-world perspective. Background., Ten to twenty per cent of the adult population in the world is known to live with irritable bowel syndrome. The life-world experience of people with irritable bowel syndrome has been paid little attention. A deeper understanding about the phenomenon living with irritable bowel syndrome is of interest for the future development of care. Design and methods., The study was performed using a phenomenological method. Data was collected by in-depth, open interviews performed in 2006, with nine persons between 25,55 years, diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. The interviews were analysed according to the method of Giorgi. Results., Six interrelated key constituents have been identified: Having an altered self-image, feeling ashamed, distrusting the body, feeling tired, blaming oneself, and finding solutions. A structure has been formulated, describing that living with irritable bowel syndrome means struggling with an unfamiliar and unreliable body. Tiredness, distrust, and feelings of shame towards the body bring about limitations in everyday life. At the same time, living with irritable bowel syndrome means having a strong will to exceed the limitations and become familiar with one self. Conclusion., This study suggests that living with irritable bowel syndrome means to struggle with an unfamiliar and unreliable body that brings about changes of self-image and limitations in every day life. Feelings of distrust, shame and embarrassment towards troublesome symptoms, are important contributions to the limitations experienced. Relevance to clinical practice., Nurses have a major role to play in the care for people with irritable bowel syndrome. A caring perspective, in which the life-world is central, is an important approach to care for these persons. Using the dialogue as a forum where patients can share their unique life-world experiences lets nurses gather knowledge that is essential in helping patients identify and acknowledge new and positive understandings of the lived body. [source] Why Girls Smoke: A Proposed Community-Based Prevention ProgramJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 5 2001Mary Ann Faucher CNM Objectives: To review the literature on reasons teenage girls start smoking and to identify the role and opportunities for nurses to have an impact on this public health problem. In addition, a proposed smoking prevention program targeted to teenage girls is presented. Data Sources: Information was gathered from professional journals and texts and from MEDLINE and PROQUEST. Keywords used in the searches were smoking prevention, tobacco use, smoking and adolescents, teenage girls and smoking, health education and smoking, and smoking prevention programs. Data Synthesis and Conclusions: Smoking initiation in teenage girls is a problem with ramifications for individual health as well as for public health. Although the literature demonstrates the rising incidence of smoking in teenage girls and evidence suggests the reasons girls start smoking differ from those of their male counterparts, a dearth of information on smoking prevention programs exists for this population. It is reasonable to assume that the best practices for adolescent smoking prevention can be applied to programs specifically for girls, along with efforts to address social influences, self-image, and self-esteem, which may be particularly important to teenage girls. The theory of reasoned action provides a framework for prevention strategies that target the behavioral beliefs and attitudes that influence teenage girls to smoke. Nurses can educate themselves about contributing factors that lead teenage girls to start smoking. Implementing this knowledge into nursing practice in a variety of settings could help meet the Healthy People 2010 goals of reducing teenage smoking to 16%. [source] To prosper, organizational psychology should, expand the values of organizational psychology to match the quality of its ethics,JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2008Joel Lefkowitz The values of organizational psychology are criticized as (a) having supplanted psychology's humanist tradition and societal responsibilities with corporate economic objectives; (b) being "scientistic" in perpetuating the notion of value-free science while ignoring that it is business values that largely drive our research and practice; (c) failing to include normative perspectives of what organizations ought to be like in moral terms; (d) having a pro-management bias; and (e) having allowed ourselves to be defined largely by technocratic competence, almost to the exclusion of considering desirable societal goods. Illustrations of some adverse consequences of these values are presented. It is suggested we expand our self-image to encompass a scientist,practitioner,humanist (S-P-H) model that includes consideration of different values, advocacy of employee rights and a normative characterization of how organizations ought to be,reflecting the broader societal responsibilities of a true profession. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mothers' Attachment Style, Their Mental Health, and Their Children's Emotional Vulnerabilities: A 7-Year Study of Children With Congenital Heart DiseaseJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2008Ety Berant ABSTRACT The long-term contribution of mothers' attachment insecurities to their own and their children's psychological functioning was examined in a 7-year prospective longitudinal study of children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Sixty-three mothers of newborns with CHD participated in a three-wave study, beginning with the CHD diagnosis (T1), then 1 year later (T2), and again 7 years later (T3). At T1, the mothers reported on their attachment style and mental health. At T2, the mental health measure was administered again, along with a marital satisfaction scale. At T3, participants completed these two measures again, and their children reported on their self-concept and completed the Children's Apperception Test. Maternal avoidant attachment at T1 was the best predictor of deterioration in the mothers' mental health and marital satisfaction over the 7-year period, especially in a subgroup whose children had severe CHD. In addition, mothers' attachment insecurities (both anxiety and avoidance) at the beginning of the study were associated with their children's emotional problems and poor self-image 7 years later. [source] Self-image and burnout in psychiatric staffJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2000M. Jeanneau phd Burnout was tested for in 754 mental health workers and related to self-image as assessed with Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB, Benjamin 1974). A positive relation was found between burnout and negative self-image, and between the experience of personal accomplishment and positive self-image. Compared to self-image, gender, age and work setting did not explain any variance in burnout. Highly burned-out persons had a significantly more negative self-image than staff who had rated themselves as low burnout. Finally, the relation between self-image and burnout was studied in 210 subjects who had completed their self-image ratings one year before burnout was measured, with the same results: a negative self-image was related to higher burnout one year later. One general conclusion is that a tendency in staff to treat themselves in negative ways may function as a negative filter for coping with difficulties at work and thus be a risk factor for burnout. [source] A Narrative-Based View of Coexistence EducationJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 2 2004Gavriel Salomon Collective narratives of groups in conflict,their perceived histories, beliefs, self-image, and those of their adversaries,play a central role in interpreting and fueling the conflict,and, thus, can play an equally central role in facilitating coexistence. One of their main correlates is their implied delegitimization of the "other's" collective narrative, its pains, its sufferings, its history, and its aspirations. It is this deligitimization that ought to be the main target for change if coexistence is to be promoted, including the acknowledgement of one's own contribution to the conflict. Four dilemmas are discussed: coexistence programs for the dominant versus the subordinate groups; possible counterproductive outcomes; resistance against antagonistic, dominant narratives; and the problem of short-term intervention programs. [source] Perception is reality: Parisian and Provençal perceptions of regional varieties of French1JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 1 2005Lawrence Kuiper Though spoken French has tended toward standardization and homogenization, stereotypes of regional language are maintained, and thrive. The present study explores speakers' perceptions of regional varieties, and relates those perceptions to linguistic security and prescriptivism in two regions: Ile de France (Paris) and Provence. Respondents from these two regions rated regional French varieties for correctness, pleasantness and difference from their own speech. The quantitative data, which is supported by interviews and a perceptual mapping task, reveals that speakers from these two regions have strikingly similar views about the region where French is most correct (Paris) and where it is most pleasant (Provence). Qualitative data from interviews and perceptual mapping show that respondent perceptions about normative language have little basis in empirical reality (i.e. language performance), but still may have a strong effect on speaker self-image. [source] Linguistic politeness and face-work in computer-mediated communication, Part 1: A theoretical frameworkJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 13 2008Jung-ran Park Our daily social interaction is anchored in interpersonal discourse; accordingly, the phenomenon of linguistic politeness is prevalent in daily social interaction. Such linguistic behavior underscores the fact that linguistic politeness is a critical component of human communication. Speech participants utilize linguistic politeness to avoid and reduce social friction and enhance each other's face, or public self-image, during social interaction. It is face-work that underlies the interpersonal function of language use and encompasses all verbal and nonverbal realizations that bring forth one's positive social value, namely, face. Face-work is founded in and built into dynamic social relations; these social and cultural relations and context directly affect the enactment of face-work. Analysis and a subsequent understanding of sociointerpersonal communication are critical to the fostering of successful interaction and collaboration. Linguistic politeness theory is well positioned to provide a framework for an analysis of social interaction and interpersonal variables among discourse participants inasmuch as it is applicable not only to face-to-face social interactions but also to those interactions undertaken through online communication. [source] Mental health in patients with systemic sclerosis: a controlled investigationJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2008A Mozzetta Abstract Background Despite the undeniable impact of systemic sclerosis (SS) on quality of life, only a few studies so far have focused on its psychiatric or psychological aspects. We aimed at assessing psychiatric symptoms and self-image in inpatients with SS and comparing them with patients with either a very mild skin condition or a serious skin condition. Methods Three groups were recruited: (i) 38 consecutive female inpatients with SS; (ii) 38 age-matched female outpatients with melanocytic naevi; (iii) 35 age-matched female inpatients with melanoma. All participants completed the Zung Anxiety Scale, the Zung Depression Scale and a self-report questionnaire measuring self-perceived personal qualities. Patients with SS were also clinically interviewed by a psychologist. Results The clinical interview revealed the presence of a psychiatric disorder in most (81%) patients with SS. The Zung scales corroborated the presence of mild to moderate anxiety and depression among patients with SS, who scored significantly higher than patients with either naevi or melanoma on both scales. Scores on the questionnaire assessing self-perceived personal qualities were very similar in the three groups and indicated a fairly high level of self-esteem. Conclusions This study suggested that psychosocial issues are quite relevant in patients with SS and underscored the need for a biopsychosocial approach to the clinical management of these patients. Timely detection of psychosocial difficulties and appropriate psychological or psychiatric intervention may represent important steps toward better adherence to medical treatment and improved psychological well-being and quality of life. [source] A Matter of Trust: From Social Preferences to the Strategic Adherence to Social NormsNEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008Joachim I. Krueger Abstract In a mathematical analysis of the trust game, we show that utility-maximizing trustees should establish equal payoffs or return nothing depending on the strength of their social preferences (benevolence and inequality aversion). Trustors may invest any amount depending on their social preferences and their expectations regarding the trustees' preferences. For both types of player, empirical distributions of transfers are rather flat, however, and players' morality, but not their rationality, is judged in proportion to the money transferred. This pattern of findings suggests that people are primarily motivated by self-interest, and that they adhere to relevant social norms inasmuch as they can enhance their self-image or reputation as a moral person. [source] Desire to survive emotional pain related to self-harm: A Norwegian hermeneutic studyNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 1 2010Anne Lise Holm rpn, mnsc Abstract The aim of this study was to explore and interpret women's desire to survive emotional pain related to self-harm. Women who suffer from borderline personality disorder describe emotional pain as intense. Previous research indicates that self-harm is a way of obtaining emotional relief and offers an escape from unwanted emotions, thoughts, and/or distressing situations. An explorative, interpretative design was employed. The data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with a sample of women resident in Norway suffering from borderline personality disorder and were analyzed using a hermeneutic approach. The findings revealed one main theme, self-sacrifice, and two other themes, self-harm (a struggle to be relieved of responsibility) and a fear of intimacy versus intrusion. This study indicates that self-sacrifice appears to imply a longing for reconnection with the self and others. To preserve their self-image, the women require courage to survive the painful state of unworthiness. [source] Self-Image of People in Their FiftiesNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002Laiad Jamjan People in their fifties experience a transitional phase in aging. The impact of physical and emotional change is considerable due to deteriorated health and economic status. With the onset of aging, self-image of the pre-senescent provides an understanding of one's perceptions and thoughts on aging. Therefore, increased awareness of the pre-senescents' needs has resulted in further development of the nurse's role in health promotion. The main aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of self-image, a key factor of health promotion in the pre-senescent. The study participants consisted of 10 women in their fifties from the Aging Club at 43rd Health Center, Bangkok, Thailand. Focus group interview was used to explore self-image. The interview focused on the concept of health, aging, retirement, and the impact of change. Health results: The majority (80%) of the participants agreed that the definition of health was the equilibrium of basic needs. The definition of good health to them was a delightful mood. They described the concept of good health as either the balance of excretion, sleep and rest, or being free of disease and personal illness. Three participants complained of health problems because they had to take care of their husbands. Deteriorated health was found to be the stimulus to such aging states as blurred vision, hearing loss, menopause, and osteoporosis. Aging: The participants accepted that aging was a naturally occurring phenomenon. ,Age is only a number', ,If our minds are still young, our bodies will be youthful.' They did not want to be called ,old'. Retirement: Represents a time when they will be lonely and lack financial support. This also was described as the autumn of life. It was seen as the time to enjoy the golden years of life. The impact of changes: The participants experienced emotional changes such as increased sensitivity of feelings and needed family support. They also complained of physical changes (i.e. loss of appetite, teeth and agility). Only one participant, who had improved her emotional maturity, was proud of aging. Conclusion: For the pre-senescent, the aging transition begins with the changes in one's physical and mental condition. An optimistic attitude towards this process enables the pre-senescent to approach and better accept the process of aging. Nurses therefore need to continue to develop holistic approaches in caring for the aging. [source] Racial Nationalism as a Paradigm in International Relations: the Kosovo Conflict as Seen by the Far Right in GermanyPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 1 2004Fabian Virchow As the German Federal Armed Forces are becoming more involved in wars since the early 1990s, the far right in Germany strengthens its propaganda on matters of war and peace. Despite its general military-friendly stance and high regard of soldiery, the far right in its majority is very critical toward the deployment of German troops because this use is seen as being in the interests of the United States and Israel. Therefore, anti-Americanism as well as anti-Semitism and racial nationalism dominate the statements of the far right that creates the self-image of being the "real peace movement" at the same time that they favor a new hegemonic position for Germany in Europe. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||