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Self-evaluation
Kinds of Self-evaluation Selected AbstractsOlder people specific health status and quality of life: a structured review of self-assessed instrumentsJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 4 2005Kirstie L. Haywood DPhil Abstract Objectives, To review evidence relating to the measurement properties of older people specific self-assessed, multi-dimensional measures of health status. Design, Systematic literature searches to identify instruments. Pre-defined criteria relating to reliability, validity, responsiveness, precision and acceptability. Results, A total of 46 articles relating to 18 instruments met the inclusion criteria. Most evidence was found for the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OMFAQ), CARE, Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) and Quality of Life Profile , Seniors Version (QOLPSV). Most instruments have been evaluated in single studies. Four instruments have evidence of internal consistency and test,retest reliability , LEIPAD, Philadelphia Geriatrics Centre Multilevel Assessment Inventory, Perceived Well-being Scale, Wellness Index (WI). Two instruments lack evidence of reliability , Brief Screening Questionnaire, Geriatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (GQLQ). Older people contributed to the content of the GQLQ, QOLPSV and WI. Most instruments were assessed for validity through comparisons with other instruments, global judgements of health, or clinical and socio-demographic variables. Limited evidence of responsiveness was found for five instruments , GQLQ, OMFAQ, PGCMAI, QOLPSV, Self-Evaluation of Life Scale (SELF). Conclusion, Although most evidence was found for the OMFAQ this was largely for the ADL domain; evidence for reliability and responsiveness is limited. Limited evidence of reliability, validity and responsiveness was found for the PGCMAI, QOLPSV and SELF. The lack of evidence for measurement properties restricts instrument recommendation. Instrument content should be assessed for relevance before application and the concurrent evaluation of specific and widely used generic instruments is recommended. Several instruments, including the BSQ and EASY-Care, were developed recently and further evidence of instrument performance is required. [source] Doing and Being Well (for the Most Part): Adaptive Patterns of Narrative Self-Evaluation During BereavementJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 3 2001Jack J. Bauer Narrative self-evaluation patterns were studied in relation to longitudinal measures of adaptation to the death of a spouse in midlife. Narrative self evaluations, identified in open-ended interview transcripts at 6 months post-loss, were coded as either positive or negative and as either doing-based (evaluations of "what one does") or being-based (evaluations of "what one is"). These narrative variables were then compared with separate, clinical-interview measures of grief at 6, 14, and 25 months post-loss. Results confirmed three predictions. First, participants who made an optimal proportion of positive to negative self-evaluations (approximately a 5:1 positive-to-negative ratio) had lower grief levels over time than did those who made either higher or lower proportions. Second, the tendency to focus on evaluations of what one does rather than what one is predicted lower grief levels over time. Third, participants who directly integrated doing-based and being-based self-evaluations had lower grief levels over time than those who did not link the two. Implications for the narrative construction of personal meaning and identity in relation to adaptation are discussed. [source] Core Self-Evaluations in Germany: Validation of a German Measure and its Relationships with Career SuccessAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Thorsten Stumpp The present study reports the results of a validation of a German version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and its relationships with career success. Data were collected in three occupational samples to address various aspects of validation. Our results confirm the proposed one-factor structure of the scale as well as convergent, discriminant, criterion, and predictive validity. Furthermore, the German CSES shows incremental validity over the individual core traits (neuroticism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control), the Big Five, and positive and negative affect. Thus, the German version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale is a reliable, valid, and economic measure for both research and practical applications. Furthermore, hypothesised relationships of core self-evaluations with objective as well as subjective career success were confirmed. Possible explanations of these relationships are discussed. On présente dans cet article une étude de validation d'une version allemande de la Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) avec son rapport au succès professionnel. Les données ont été recueillies auprès d'échantillons relevant de trois métiers pour couvrir plusieurs aspects de la validation. Nos résultats confirment la structure unifactorielle attendue ainsi que les validités convergente, discriminante, prédictive et critérielle. En outre, la CSES allemande présente une validité incrémentielle pour le Big Five, les émotions positives et négatives et les traits centraux individuels (névrotisme, estime de soi, auto-efficience et locus of control). La version allemande de la CSES est par conséquent un outil fidèle, valide et économique aussi bien pour la recherche que pour les applications pratiques. Sans compter qu'ont été confirmées les relations supposées des auto-évaluations centrales avec le succès professionnel, qu'il soit objectif ou subjectif. On analyse les raisons possibles de ces relations. [source] A State-Trait Analysis of Job Satisfaction: On the Effect of Core Self-EvaluationsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Christian Dormann Une recherche récente qui portait sur les fondements caractériels de la satisfaction au travail s'est focalisée sur le rapport entre la satisfaction professionnelle observée et le noyau central des autoévaluations (CSE). Cette étude s'est occupée d'une part de la relation entre la variance-trait de la satisfaction au travail et le CSE et d'autre part de la structure des variables CSE. En faisant le choix d'un modèle de mesure longitudinal, nous avons d'abord recherché si le CSE était suffisamment stable, cela à partir d'une analyse secondaire de quatre périodes successives. Les résultats montrent une forte stabilité du CSE (.87 sur deux ans). Nous avons ensuite opéré une scission état-trait de la satisfaction professionnelle de façon à dissocier la variance-trait de la satisfaction au travail de la variance instable. Le facteur stable de satisfaction professionnelle fut mis en rapport, par régression, avec les variables CSE, en utilisant plusieurs modèles de CSE (une sommation, un facteur latent ou un concept global). D'après les résultats, il vaut mieux traiter les variables CSE comme une sommation, et cette série rend compte de presque toute la variance stable de la satisfaction professionnelle (84%). En outre, seuls l'affectivité négative et le locus of control interne avaient un impact significatif, alors que l'estime de soi et l'efficience personnelle n'en avaient pas. On conclut que la conception actuelle du CSE comme concept supraordonné englobant quatre dimensions est défendable, mais trop générale pour les recherches sur la satisfaction professionnelle; il est plus satisfaisant et suffisant d'analyser à la fois l'affectivité négative et le locus of control. Recent research that looked into the dispositional base of job satisfaction focused on relating observed job satisfaction to core self-evaluations (CSE). This study was concerned with (a) the relation between the trait variance of job satisfaction and CSE and (b) the structure of the CSE-variables. Using a longitudinal measurement model in a secondary analysis of four waves of a longitudinal study we first tested whether CSE are sufficiently stable over time. Results indicate a high stability of CSE (.87 across 2 years). We then performed a state-trait decomposition of job satisfaction in order to separate trait variance of job satisfaction from changing variance. The stable job satisfaction factor was regressed on CSE-variables, using different models of CSE (a collective set, a latent factor, or an aggregate concept). Results were in favor of treating the CSE-variables as a collective set, and this set explained almost all stable variance of job satisfaction (84%). Moreover, only negative affectivity and internal locus of control had a significant impact, whereas self-esteem and self-efficacy had not. It is concluded that current conceptualisations of CSE as a superordinate concept underlying its four dimensions is possible but overly broad in job satisfaction research; collective consideration of LOC and NA is better and sufficient. [source] Examination of the Relationships among General and Work-Specific Self-Evaluations, Work-Related Control Beliefs, and Job AttitudesAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Gilad Chen Les auteurs ont décrit et mis à l'épreuve les liens supposés exister entre les différences individuelles (les auto-évaluations spécifiques au travail et générales), les variables contextuelles (les croyances relatives au contrôle des tâches) et trois attitudes professionnelles (la satisfaction relative à l'emploi, l'engagement organisationnel et l'implication liée au poste). Les résultats tirés d'une investigation portant sur 159 salariés des services de santé montrent que les auto-évaluations, en particulier l'estime de soi liée à l'organisation, prédisent fortement les attitudes professionnelles. En outre, les auto-évaluations spécifiques au travail permettent d'expliquer pourquoi et comment les auto-évaluations générales et les croyances relatives au contrôle des tâches sont reliées aux attitudes professionnelles. En dernière analyse, les corrélations entre les auto-évaluations générales et l'estime de soi liée à l'organisation étaient modulées par les croyances relatives au contrôle des tâches. On réfléchit à ce que ces résultats peuvent apporter à la théorie et à la pratique organisationnelles. Et des pistes pour de futures rechèrches sont suggérées. The authors delineated and tested the relationships among individual differences (general and work-specific self-evaluations), contextual variables (work-related control beliefs), and three job attitudes (job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and job involvement). Results from a study of 159 healthcare employees found that work-specific self-evaluations, particularly organisation-based self-esteem, strongly predicted job attitudes. Moreover, work-specific self-evaluations helped explain why and how general self-evaluations and work-related control beliefs relate to job attitudes. Finally, the correlations between general self-evaluations and organisation-based self-esteem were moderated by work-related control beliefs. Contributions to organisational theory and practice, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed. [source] Long-term follow-up of adolescent onset anorexia nervosa in northern SwedenEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Karin Nilsson Abstract Objective This study examines the long-term outcome of adolescent onset anorexia nervosa, 8 and 16 years after first admission to child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) treatment in northern Sweden. Method Two follow-ups (1991 and 1999) were made of 68 women who were first admitted to CAP between 1980 and 1985. The follow-ups included interviews and self-report inventories. Eating disorders and GAF were evaluated according to DSM-III-R. Results Recovery increased from 46 (68%) to 58 (85%). EDNOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified) decreased from 16 (24%) to seven (10%). The numbers for anorexia nervosa (AN) were the same, two (3%) in both follow-ups. Bulimia nervosa (BN) decreased from four (6%) in the first follow-up to one (1.5%) in the second follow-up. The mortality rate was one (1%). Self-evaluation of mental health indicated that 15% had problems with depression, anxiety or compulsive symptoms. Somatic problems and paediatric inpatient care during the first treatment period could predict long-term outcome. Most former patients had a satisfactory family and work situation. Conclusion Recovery from eating disorders continued during the follow-ups. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Self, in-group, and out-group evaluation: bond or breach?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2003Reinout E. De Vries A number of studies have looked at causes of in-group bias, but few studies have actually investigated whether the two components of in-group bias, i.e. in-group and out-group evaluation, are related to each other and whether they have similar or different predictors. In the Fiji Islands, self-, in-group, and out-group evaluations were obtained using within-subject correlations from a sample of 336 indigenous and Indian Fijians. Self-evaluation was positively related to in-group evaluation, and both were positively related to out-group evaluation, supporting a spillover model. After controlling for background variables and the other evaluation variables, regression analyses showed that in-group identification was positively related to in-group evaluation, and social distance and political ethnocentrism were negatively related to out-group evaluation. Additionally, ethnicity interacted with collective self-esteem in determining both in-group favouritism and out-group derogation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Self-evaluation and peer review , an example of action research in promoting self-determination of patients with rheumatoid arthritisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3a 2007LicNSc, Päivi Löfman RN Aims and objectives., The aim of this paper was to describe the areas that have been performed well and the areas in need of further development of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Background., Nurses' self-evaluation and peer review are important methods for ascertaining the changes and success in the development of nursing practice. To date, there has been minimal research regarding the use of those evaluation methods in nursing practice. Design., The findings of self-evaluation and peer review of nurses are described in a participatory action research study aimed at promotion of self-determination for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods., In self-evaluation, the collection of data was accomplished using a self-evaluation instrument with the permanent nursing staff (n = 18), then analysed through quantitative methods. For peer review, the data were gathered through focus groups (n = 21) using a tool similar to the one used for self-evaluation. The participants included many of the same nurses as in self-evaluation. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results., Well-performed areas in nursing of rheumatoid arthritis patients were found to be promoting patient participation, supporting self-determination, performing patient-centred nursing and raising patient self-respect. The areas in need of development were connected to the nursing staff themselves: increasing collaboration of nursing staff, decreasing authoritarianism in nursing care and developing nursing practice with colleagues. Conclusions., Self-evaluation and peer review are complementary and support one another, especially since nurses were found to be more critical in their self-evaluations than in peer review. Relevance to clinical practice., Both evaluation tools proved to be useful methods in the evaluation phase of the action research process as a means of professional development. Also assisting in the development of clinical nursing practice. [source] Self-evaluation and social comparison amongst adolescents with learning difficultiesJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Jason Crabtree Abstract Two studies are presented which examine self-evaluation in adolescents with learning difficulties and how these adolescents strategically protect their self-concept through the use of social comparison. Study one involved 145 adolescents with learning difficulties and the same number of non-disabled adolescents aged between 11 to 16 years. All adolescents completed Harter's ,Self Perception Profile for Children' (SPPC). No significant overall differences were found between the self-evaluations of the adolescents with learning difficulties and non-disabled adolescents. In addition, adolescents with learning difficulties strategically devalued less favourable comparison dimensions and valued more positive comparison attributes. Study two utilized a four condition between-groups design with a sample of 68 adolescents with learning difficulties. All participants completed the SPPC, but the availability of a social comparison group was systematically varied between conditions. The self-evaluations made by adolescents changed significantly when the social comparison group made available was altered. The findings are discussed with regard to their theoretical implications and in terms of inclusion policies for adolescents with learning difficulties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Quality of life and adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patientsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 5 2009D.U. BOEHM md, resident of breast cancer centre About two-thirds of all breast cancer patients are treated with adjuvant hormonal therapy. Side effects of tamoxifen and their effects on physical, emotional and social functioning have been shown to impair the quality of life. Aim of this paper was to evaluate the side effects and level of influence on the physical, emotional and social functioning caused by tamoxifen treatment. For assessment of quality of life an own questionnaire was designed. Between January 2001 and December 2003, 136 women with breast cancer and adjuvant tamoxifen therapy were included in this study. Data of side effects, physical and mental health and patients' self-evaluation identified detrimental effects on patients' quality of life. Prevalence and severity of symptoms were not influenced by length of tamoxifen treatment. Patients were damaged in their constitution in respect to previous chemotherapy and pre-existing diseases; no influence was found by age or histopathological tumour characteristics. Our survey determines that breast cancer patients experience significant influence on quality of life by the negative impact on the physical, emotional and social functioning caused by tamoxifen treatment. Explicit attention to changes in quality of life should be considered as part of the standard care for women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. [source] The test of self-conscious affect: internal structure, differential scales and relationships with long-term affectsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2001Johnny R. J. Fontaine Item analyses and confirmatory factor analyses on the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA), in a student (N,=,723) and an adult (N,=,891) sample, supported the theorized four factor structure of proneness to reparation, negative self-evaluation, externalizing blame and unconcern. However, two-fifth of the items did not empirically differentiate between two or more factors. Differential TOSCA scales, including only differentiating TOSCA items, were constructed and related to measures of long-term affect, depression, anxiety, and anger. Both the pattern and size of correlations of the original and the differential TOSCA scales were almost identical. Results of this study support the interpretation of TOSCA guilt as a measure of a tendency to reparation associated with guilt and TOSCA shame as a measure of a tendency to global negative self-evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mindset effects on information search in self-evaluationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Ute C. Bayer Research on mindset theory (Gollwitzer & Bayer, 1999) observed that people in an implemental mindset show an orientation towards positive illusionary self-evaluations, whereas people in a deliberative mindset opt for accurate self-evaluations. In the present study, we tested whether these self-evaluative orientations and the associated search for certain types of self-relevant information (feedback) are moderated by low versus high self-views. With high self-view participants we observed the hypothesized mindset effects on information search, but we obtained the reverse pattern for low self-view participants. The latter finding points to self-defensiveness in low self-view individuals. Implications are discussed in terms of the consequences of accurate versus positive illusionary self-evaluations for the successful control of goal pursuits, and individual differences in mindset effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Evaluative contrast in social comparison: the role of distinct and shared features of the self and comparison othersEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Philip Broemer Self-other comparisons frequently evoke contrastive reactions, especially when the comparison dimension is relevant and when people strive to maintain or preserve a positive self-evaluation. In three studies, normal-weight women were asked to gauge satisfaction with their body weight. In Study 1, self-evaluation was affected by accessible distinctive information either referring to the self or to comparison others. Studies 2 and 3 tested whether the evaluative contrast observed in Study 1 is reduced when shared features receive greater weight. Consistent with the proposition that perceived similarity between self and comparison others renders assimilative reactions more likely, evaluative contrast was markedly reduced when similarities were stressed prior to the comparison process, either by suggesting that one shares certain characteristics with others unrelated to the comparison dimension or by increasing the identification with the comparison other through an intergroup contrast.. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Forum for Research ManagementGERMAN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Dorothee Dzwonnek From planning to personnel management, from governance to self-evaluation: why the DFG responds to the increasing complexity of scientific work , and how it sets its own course in doing so [source] A study of creative tension of engineering students in KoreaHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 6 2007Yoon Chang The aim of this research was to study the nature of creative tension of engineering students in South Korea. The creative tension was analyzed according to relevant competences in project managers' work role. Most of the subjects who participated in this study were part-time students who worked as managers in manufacturing and industrial companies. The application used for collecting and analyzing data was the project managers' work-role,based competence application, Cycloid. Data were collected on the Internet by self-evaluation. The constructed competence model of the Cycloid application was added into the Evolute self-evaluation system utilizing fuzzy logic. The application was able to identify students' current state and personal aims and the creative tension essential for their personal development. The Cycloid application can be utilized in developing the professional competencies of individuals, teams, and organizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 511,520, 2007. [source] Financial behaviours of consumers in credit counsellingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 2 2006Jing Jian Xiao Abstract Positive financial behaviours of consumers are examined using a national sample of consumers who use credit counselling services in the US from a behavioural economic perspective. The findings indicate that consumers in credit counselling may follow a hierarchical pattern in their financial behaviours, paying off debts and adjusting spending before considering saving. Consumers who are older, have a part-time job (vs. the unemployed), and report a more secure retirement, a better family relationship, and a higher score of self-evaluation of financial behaviours are likely to report more positive financial behaviours. Reporting more financial behaviours and a higher score of self-evaluation of financial behaviours, along with several demographic and perception variables, tend to reduce financial stress and increase financial satisfaction among consumers who use credit counselling services. [source] Timing and prediction of relapse in a transdiagnostic eating disorder sampleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 7 2008Traci McFarlane PhD Abstract Objective: To identify factors that predict relapse in eating disorders to direct the development of effective relapse prevention interventions. Method: Fifty-eight participants who had partially remitted from their eating disorder after intensive treatment were prospectively followed for up to 24 months. A transdiagnostic sample was included based on current recommendations. Results: The 12-month survival rate was 0.59, indicating that 41% of the sample had relapsed at this time, and four factors emerged as significant predictors of relapse. These factors included more severe pretreatment caloric restriction, higher residual symptoms at discharge, slower response to treatment, and higher weight-related self-evaluation. Conclusion: Clinical recommendations based on these data include encouraging clients to adopt the recommended behavioral changes immediately at the beginning of treatment, and to make complete symptom control a priority. In addition, addressing weight-related self-evaluation and teaching clients to detach from this schema that connects weight/shape with self-esteem may be an effective and feasible step toward relapse prevention. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008 [source] Undue influence of weight on self-evaluation: A population-based twin study of gender differencesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 2 2004Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud Abstract Objective To explore the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to liability to placing undue importance on weight as an indicator of self-evaluation and to determine whether differences exist across genders in the nature and magnitude of these effects. Method Self-report data were collected on 8,045 same-sex and opposite-sex twins, aged 18,31 years, from a population-based registry of Norwegian twins. Structural equation modeling was utilized to estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to liability for undue influence of weight on self-evaluation, allowing for gender-specific effects. Results Individual variation in undue influence of weight on self-evaluation was best explained by shared and individual environmental influences. No significant gender differences were found. Shared environmental factors accounted for 31% of the variance. Discussion These results raise the possibility that there may be distinct sources of familial resemblance for different symptoms of bulimia nervosa as codified in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 123,132, 2004. [source] Undue influence of weight on self-evaluation: A population-based twin study of gender differencesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 2 2004Ulrike Schmidt No abstract is available for this article. [source] The nature of body image disturbance in patients with binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2003Robin M. Masheb Abstract Objective This study examined the distinction between body dissatisfaction and self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight, and their longitudinal relationships to depressive symptomatology and self-esteem in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Method Ninety-seven patients with BED completed measures tapping these constructs at baseline and again 4 weeks later. Results Change in body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with both change in depressive symptomatology and change in self-esteem over time, whereas change in self-evaluation was significantly correlated only with change in self-esteem. In addition, change in shape concern, but not change in weight concern, was significantly correlated with change in self-esteem only. Discussion These findings suggest that self-evaluation unduly influenced by body shape is a more useful indicator for BED than body dissatisfaction or self-evaluation unduly influenced by weight. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 333,341, 2003. [source] Improving Diagnostic Accuracy Using an Evidence-Based Nursing ModelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 4 2004Rona F. Levin PhD Diagnósticos de enfermagem; prática baseada em evidências; precisão diagnóstica Exactitud diagnóstica; práctica basada en la evidencia; diagnósticos de enfermería PURPOSE. To propose an evidence-based model (EBM) to improve diagnostic accuracy in nursing. DATA SOURCES. Published literature, experience, and expertise of authors. DATA SYNTHESIS. Using an EBM directs clinicians on how to use the best available evidence from the literature to determine the best fit between cues and diagnoses, integrate this evidence with clinician expertise and patient preferences, and conduct a self-evaluation of the process. CONCLUSIONS. Use of an EBM to teach nurses how to ask relevant diagnostic questions and provide a framework for nurse educators to teach evidenced-based practice may lead to developing more competent diagnosticians and improving diagnostic accuracy in nursing. OBJETIVO. Propor um modelo baseado em evidências (MBE) para melhorar a precisão diagnóstica na enfermagem. FONTE DE DADOS. Literatura publicada, experiência e conhecimento das autoras. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS. A utilização de um BEM orienta as enfermeiras clínicas sobre como utilizar a melhor evidência disponível na literatura para determinar o melhor ajuste entre as pistas obtidas e os diagnósticos, integrando esta evidência com o conhecimento clínico da enfermeira e as preferências do paciente, e conduzindo a uma auto-avaliação do processo. CONCLUSÕES. O uso de um modelo de prática baseado em evidências para ensinar as enfermeiras a formular perguntas relevantes e oferecer aos educadores de enfermagem uma estrutura para o ensino da prática baseada em evidências pode levar ao desenvolvimento de dianosticadoras mais competentes e melhorar a precisão diagnóstica na enfermagem. PROPÓSITO. Proponer un modelo basado en la evidencia (MBE) para mejorar la exactitud diagnóstica en enfermería. FUENTES DE DATOS. Bibliografía publicada, experiencia y especialización de los autores. SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS. Utilizando un MBE guía a los clínicos en cómo utilizar la mejor evidencia disponible en la bibliografía para determinar el mejor encaje entre los datos y los diagnósticos, integrar esta evidencia con la especialidad clínica y las preferencias del paciente y llevar a cabo una auto-evaluación del proceso. CONCLUSIONES. El uso de un modelo de práctica basada en la evidencia para enseñar a las enfermeras cómo hacer preguntas diagnósticas pertinentes y proporcionar un marco de trabajo para que las enfermeras docentes enseñen la práctica basada en la evidencia, puede llevar a desarrollar mayor competencia al diagnosticar y mejoras en la exactitud diagnóstica. [source] Testing of a measurement model for baccalaureate nursing students' self-evaluation of core competenciesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 11 2009Li-Ling Hsu Abstract Title.,Testing of a measurement model for baccalaureate nursing students' self-evaluation of core competencies. Aim. This paper is a report of a study to test the psychometric properties of the Self-Evaluated Core Competencies Scale for baccalaureate nursing students. Background. Baccalaureate nursing students receive basic nursing education and continue to build competency in practice settings after graduation. Nursing students today face great challenges. Society demands analytic, critical, reflective and transformative attitudes from graduates. It also demands that institutions of higher education take the responsibility to encourage students, through academic work, to acquire knowledge and skills that meet the needs of the modern workplace, which favours highly skilled and qualified workers. Methods. A survey of 802 senior nursing students in their last semester at college or university was conducted in Taiwan in 2007 using the Self-Evaluated Core Competencies Scale. Half of the participants were randomly assigned either to principal components analysis with varimax rotation or confirmatory factor analysis. Results. Principal components analysis revealed two components of core competencies that were named as humanity/responsibility and cognitive/performance. The initial model of confirmatory factor analysis was then converged to an acceptable solution but did not show a good fit; however, the final model of confirmatory factor analysis was converged to an acceptable solution with acceptable fit. The final model has two components, namely humanity/responsibility and cognitive/performance. Both components have four indicators. In addition, six indicators have their correlated measurement errors. Conclusion. Self-Evaluated Core Competencies Scale could be used to assess the core competencies of undergraduate nursing students. In addition, it should be used as a teaching guide to increase students' competencies to ensure quality patient care in hospitals. [source] Self-evaluation and peer review , an example of action research in promoting self-determination of patients with rheumatoid arthritisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3a 2007LicNSc, Päivi Löfman RN Aims and objectives., The aim of this paper was to describe the areas that have been performed well and the areas in need of further development of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Background., Nurses' self-evaluation and peer review are important methods for ascertaining the changes and success in the development of nursing practice. To date, there has been minimal research regarding the use of those evaluation methods in nursing practice. Design., The findings of self-evaluation and peer review of nurses are described in a participatory action research study aimed at promotion of self-determination for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods., In self-evaluation, the collection of data was accomplished using a self-evaluation instrument with the permanent nursing staff (n = 18), then analysed through quantitative methods. For peer review, the data were gathered through focus groups (n = 21) using a tool similar to the one used for self-evaluation. The participants included many of the same nurses as in self-evaluation. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results., Well-performed areas in nursing of rheumatoid arthritis patients were found to be promoting patient participation, supporting self-determination, performing patient-centred nursing and raising patient self-respect. The areas in need of development were connected to the nursing staff themselves: increasing collaboration of nursing staff, decreasing authoritarianism in nursing care and developing nursing practice with colleagues. Conclusions., Self-evaluation and peer review are complementary and support one another, especially since nurses were found to be more critical in their self-evaluations than in peer review. Relevance to clinical practice., Both evaluation tools proved to be useful methods in the evaluation phase of the action research process as a means of professional development. Also assisting in the development of clinical nursing practice. [source] Caregivers' experiences of interaction with families expecting a fetally impaired childJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 3 2004Hanna Maijala MNSc Background., On the basis of earlier research, caregivers' actions when interacting with clients should be developed. However, nursing research has focused little attention on the interaction between caregivers and families expecting a fetally impaired child. Aim., The study aimed at generating a practical family nursing theory of caregivers' interaction with families expecting a malformed child. Methods., A grounded theory study was undertaken at Tampere University Hospital in Finland in 1999,2000. Data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 22 (n = 22) nurses and doctors. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Results., The interaction process starts when a caregiver informs the parents of the fetal impairment. The process is influenced by caregivers' attitude towards issues related to the family's life situation. Caregivers' views of their job, and of human coping and cultural attitudes towards these issues are also of importance. These factors account for their goals in the interaction, which, in turn, underlie their actions. When the caregiver's interpretation is that the family accepted the help provided, the outcome of the interaction is satisfaction with having been able to help. Correspondingly, in the case of an opposite interpretation, the caregiver experiences strain caused by inadequacy of the help he/she is providing. The core of interaction consists of two dimensions: gaining strength and losing strength in relation to impairment issues. Conclusions., Caregivers' views of helpful interaction were consistent with earlier research on the subject, but the findings of this study showed that more attention should be focused on the family as a whole. Furthermore, caregivers rarely criticized their own actions, thus their interaction skills should be upgraded by focusing on systematic self-assessment through training. Nursing research deepening our understanding of why interaction fails is warranted. Relevance to clinical practice., The study results can be used in the family nursing practice as tools in reinforcing the caregivers' ability to helpful interaction with families expecting a fetally impaired child. The results may enhance caregivers' systematic self-evaluation and conscious use of the self. [source] Peer evaluation in nurses' professional development: a pilot study to investigate the issuesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 2 2000Riitta Vuorinen MNSc ,,Peer evaluation in nursing is a method by which the nurse evaluates the work of a peer, according to set evaluation criteria. ,,The aim of the study was to clarify the potential significance of peer evaluation with regard to nurses' career development and relates to the introduction of a career development programme for nurses in a Finnish University Hospital. ,,The research concepts were created on the basis of literature analysis. The concepts served as a basis for data collection, and five open-ended questions were devised from them. Informants (n = 24) gave free-form essay-type answers to these questions. The material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. ,,The results indicate that self-evaluation constitutes the basis for peer evaluation. Peer evaluation allows nurses to give and receive professional and personal support promoting professional development. Professional support offers possibilities for change and alternative action. Personal support requires respect for the peer's equality and individuality. Personal peer support can decrease feelings of uncertainty and insecurity caused by work. ,,The conclusion is drawn that peer evaluation is a means of promoting nurses' professional development to further on-the-job learning in collaboration with peers. [source] Self-evaluation and social comparison amongst adolescents with learning difficultiesJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Jason Crabtree Abstract Two studies are presented which examine self-evaluation in adolescents with learning difficulties and how these adolescents strategically protect their self-concept through the use of social comparison. Study one involved 145 adolescents with learning difficulties and the same number of non-disabled adolescents aged between 11 to 16 years. All adolescents completed Harter's ,Self Perception Profile for Children' (SPPC). No significant overall differences were found between the self-evaluations of the adolescents with learning difficulties and non-disabled adolescents. In addition, adolescents with learning difficulties strategically devalued less favourable comparison dimensions and valued more positive comparison attributes. Study two utilized a four condition between-groups design with a sample of 68 adolescents with learning difficulties. All participants completed the SPPC, but the availability of a social comparison group was systematically varied between conditions. The self-evaluations made by adolescents changed significantly when the social comparison group made available was altered. The findings are discussed with regard to their theoretical implications and in terms of inclusion policies for adolescents with learning difficulties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Social-cognitive mediators of the relation of environmental and emotion regulation factors to children's aggressionAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2004Dara R. Musher-Eizenman Abstract Tested a theoretical model in which social cognitions about aggression partially mediated the relation of environmental and emotion regulation factors to children's aggressive behavior. An ethnically diverse sample of 778 children (57% girls) in grades 4,6 from both urban and suburban schools participated. Measures included exposure to aggression (seeing/hearing about aggression, victimization), emotion regulation (impulsivity, anger control), social cognitions about aggression (self-evaluation, self-efficacy, retaliation approval, aggressive fantasizing, caring about consequences), and aggressive behavior. Results supported the hypothesis that social cognitions mediate the relations of exposure to aggression and anger control to aggressive behavior. Also, social cognitions about direct and indirect aggression differentially predicted the respective behaviors with which they are associated. That is, social cognitions about direct aggression were mediators of direct aggressive behavior, whereas social cognitions about indirect aggression were mediators of indirect aggressive behavior. Finally, gender moderated the relations among the variables such that for girls, retaliation approval beliefs were a strong mediator, whereas for boys, self-evaluation was more important. Aggr. Behav. 30:389,408, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Studying the satisfaction of patients on the outcome of an aesthetic dermatological filler treatmentJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Lúcia Helena Fávaro De Arruda MD Summary Background, Many factors contribute to extend productive life in the modern world. Competition makes people worry about physical appearance, mostly in respect to facial and skin aging. This has motivated new developments in cosmetic dermatology and the need of evaluating patient satisfaction with the new proposed treatments. Poll questionnaire has been used for such evaluation, and the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) mapping obtained while the patient answers the satisfaction questionnaire may render the results less subjective. Objectives, The purpose of this paper is to study the satisfaction of a group of 33 women (mean age, 44 years) treated with hyaluronic acid filling of nasolabial folding or lips, combining the EEG brain mapping and questionnaire techniques. Methods, At the third month of evaluation, two networked personal computers were used for the EEG recording and for presenting the patient with a questionnaire about her well-being feeling; self-evaluation of her face; her satisfaction with the results of the aesthetic treatment; how the family, friends, and people at work evaluated the result of the treatment; and her decision to repeat the treatment and to recommend it to friends and family. Results, Poll results showed that patients were feeling well and were satisfied with the results of the aesthetic treatment. Furthermore, the regression EEG mappings showed patients to be satisfied with their appearance and with the treatment involving similar brain areas. Conclusion, Patients decided to undergo the treatment because they were already considering it (54%) or because they were dissatisfied with their lips or nasolabial folding (52%). The fact that the treatment was free of charge solidified the decision. Patients consider themselves as good-looking and they wanted to preserve such a condition. [source] Assessment of the Joint Food Science Curriculum of Washington State University and the University of Idaho by Graduates and Their EmployersJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 1 2006Stephanie Clark ABSTRACT: Thirty-two recent graduates from the joint food science program of Washington State Univ. (WSU) and The Univ. of Idaho (UI) and 12 of their employers participated in a survey study to assess food science program outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the joint curriculum in its ability to prepare undergraduate students for critical thinking, problem solving, and technical competence in the food industry. Two survey tools, 1 for graduates and 1 for their employers, were designed to assess job preparedness and the skill set attained by food science program graduates. Graduates of the joint food science program generally indicated satisfaction with their food science education and suggested that they were adequately prepared for their jobs. Both students and employers indicated that most of the identified Success Skills are used daily on the job, and that graduates were well prepared with Success Skills. Graduates and employers reported adequate preparation in Food Processing and Engineering competence. Some significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in perceived and assessed competence. Specifically, while student indicated that they were well prepared with Food Chemistry and Analysis, Food Safety and Microbiology, and Applied Food Science competence, employers indicated only adequate preparation in Food Chemistry and Analysis, and Applied Food Science competence, but poor preparation in Food Safety and Microbiology competence. The findings suggest that students should be given opportunities for self-evaluation in undergraduate courses. Because the survey models are based on Institute of Food Technologists requirements, it is expected that the surveys can be readily adopted by other institutions to assess student learning and program effectiveness. [source] Locus of control at work: a meta-analysisJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 8 2006Thomas W. H. Ng This study meta-analyzed the relationships between locus of control (LOC) and a wide range of work outcomes. We categorized these outcomes according to three theoretical perspectives: LOC and well-being, LOC and motivation, and LOC and behavioral orientation. Hypotheses reflecting these three perspectives were proposed and tested. It was found that internal locus was positively associated with favorable work outcomes, such as positive task and social experiences, and greater job motivation. Our findings are discussed in relation to research on core self-evaluation and the Big Five personality traits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 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