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Self-efficacy Beliefs (self-efficacy + belief)
Selected AbstractsThe Contribution of Self-Efficacy Beliefs to Dispositional Shyness: On Social-Cognitive Systems and the Development of Personality DispositionsJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2003Gian Vittorio Caprara Self-efficacy measures, taken at the initial measurement period, included indices of perceived self-efficacy for forming and maintaining social relationships, dealing effectively with parents, managing negative emotions, and expressing positive emotions towards others. Levels of self-reported shyness as well as emotional stability were assessed also at time 1, with shyness measured again at the follow-up assessment two years later. Structural equation modeling indicated that two of the four self-efficacy measures uniquely contributed to levels of shyness reported at time 1, and that perceptions of social self-efficacy uniquely contributed to shyness at time 2 even when considering the effects of time 1 shyness levels. Emotional stability did not uniquely contributed to time 2 shyness after considering the relation between shyness at the first and second measurement points. The broad implications of social-cognitive analyses for the study of personality development are discussed. [source] Self-efficacy beliefs and levels of anxiety in advanced cancer patientsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 2 2010K. MYSTAKIDOU md, associate professor MYSTAKIDOU K., TSILIKA E., PARPA E., GOGOU P., THEODORAKIS P. & VLAHOS L. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care19, 205,211 Self-efficacy beliefs and levels of anxiety in advanced cancer patients The aims of this study were to investigate the self-efficacy and anxiety in advanced cancer patients in a palliative care unit. The subject is some 99 advanced cancer patients, treated for pain relief and cancer-related symptoms. Patients completed the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group was used to measure patients' performance status. Statistically significant associations were found between GSE, patients' gender, performance status, opioids and all the STAI scales. The multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy was predicted by patients' age, performance status, gender, as well as by their high levels on two STAI scales, in a model explaining 39.7% of the total variance. In advanced cancer patients, self-efficacy is significantly correlated with levels of anxiety, patients' physical condition and demographic characteristics. Also, it seems to be influenced by components of the STAI, patients' age, physical performance and gender. [source] Self-Efficacy: A Concept AnalysisNURSING FORUM, Issue 2 2009Kristen Zulkosky MSN TOPIC.,Concept analysis and self-efficacy. PURPOSE.,This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the concept self-efficacy through the use of Rodger's model. SOURCES.,Published research. CONCLUSION.,Self-efficacy beliefs influence how people think, feel, motivate themselves, and act. Self-efficacy is concerned about the perception or judgment of being able to accomplish a specific goal and cannot be sensed globally. In order to gain a sense of self-efficacy, a person can complete a skill successfully, observe someone else doing a task successfully, acquire positive feedback about completing a task, or rely on physiological cues. [source] Living up to high standards and psychological distressEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 4 2008Nico W. Van Yperen Abstract We argue and demonstrate that setting high standards, an essential aspect of perfectionism, is not associated with maladaptive responses in and of itself. Rather, our findings suggest that people's responses to their perceptions that they consistently fail to meet their own standards are maladaptive. More importantly, in the present survey study (n,=,293), we extend previous research by showing that low personal standards and the perception that others are imposing high standards on the self operate in concert to strengthen the link between perceived discrepancy and psychological distress. Furthermore, in support of our moderation-mediation model, regression analyses provided evidence for the mediating role of generalised self-efficacy beliefs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Maternal self-efficacy beliefs, competence in parenting, and toddlers' behavior and developmental statusINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Priscilla K. Coleman This study was designed to examine parenting self-efficacy beliefs as correlates of mothers' competence in parenting toddlers and as predictors of toddlers' behavior and development. Sixty-eight predominantly middle-class mother,toddler pairs participated in this study. Mothers completed questionnaires, toddlers were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II), and each dyad participated in the Crowell Procedure, which is designed to observe parent and toddler behaviors in a semistructured laboratory context. Although domain-general and domain-specific parenting self-efficacy beliefs were not associated with parenting competence, domain-specific beliefs were significantly related to toddlers' scores on the Mental Scale of the BSID-II and several behaviors observed during the Crowell Procedure (Affection Towards Mother, Avoidance of Mother, Compliance, Enthusiasm, and Negativity). Implications of the findings are discussed. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] Using Past Performance, Proxy Efficacy, and Academic Self-Efficacy to Predict College PerformanceJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Steven M. Elias This study examined the ability of prior academic performance, proxy efficacy, and academic self-efficacy to predict college academic performance. Participants (N = 202) completed a modified version of the Teacher Collective Efficacy scale (Goddard, 2001), the Academic Self-Efficacy scale (Elias & Loomis, 2000), and a demographic questionnaire. Prior performance was predictive of both academic self-efficacy beliefs and college performance. Hierarchical regression analysis indicates that academic self-efficacy beliefs explain a significant amount of unique variance beyond past performance in predicting college performance. Proxy efficacy did serve as a predictor of student academic self-efficacy, but did not serve as a predictor of college performance. Implications for instructors, as well as for future research, are discussed. [source] Self-Efficacy and Causal Attributions: Direct and Reciprocal LinksJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Alexander D. Stajkovic This study examines Bandura's (1986, 1997a) propositions that self-efficacy provides information from which causal attributions are made and that causal attributions, in turn, influence formation of subsequent self-efficacy expectations. We developed a conceptual rationale for and empirically tested 2 sets of hypotheses pertaining to direct and reciprocal links between self-efficacy and causal attributions. Effects of causal attributions and subsequently formed self-efficacy on subsequent task performance were also investigated. Results support the existence of direct and reciprocal links between self-efficacy and causal attributions. We found interactive effects between self-efficacy and performance feedback on causal attributions, and a mediating effect of causal attributions on the formation of subsequent self-efficacy beliefs. Causal attributions and subsequent self-efficacy also significantly predicted subsequent performance. [source] A comparative study of the self-efficacy beliefs of successful men and women in mathematics, science, and technology careersJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 9 2008Amy L. Zeldin Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the personal stories of men who selected careers in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) to better understand the ways in which their self-efficacy beliefs were created and subsequently influenced their academic and career choices. Analysis of 10 narratives revealed that mastery experience was the primary source of the men's self-efficacy beliefs. These results are compared to those from Zeldin and Pajares' earlier study involving women in STEM careers. For women, social persuasions and vicarious experiences were the primary sources of self-efficacy beliefs. Together, these findings suggest that different sources are predominant in the creation and development of the self-efficacy beliefs of men and women who pursue STEM careers. The self-efficacy beliefs of men in these male-dominated domains are created primarily as a result of the interpretations they make of their ongoing achievements and successes. Women, on the other hand, rely on relational episodes in their lives to create and buttress the confidence that they can succeed in male-dominated domains. Findings were consistent with the theoretical tenets of A. Bandura's social cognitive theory. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 1036,1058, 2008 [source] Sources of science self-efficacy beliefs of middle school studentsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 5 2006Shari L. Britner The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which A. Bandura's (1997) hypothesized sources of self-efficacy predict the science self-efficacy beliefs of middle school students (N,=,319), to replicate previous findings that science self-efficacy predicts science achievement, and to explore how science self-efficacy and its antecedents differ by gender. Significant correlations were found between mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasions, physiological arousal, and self-efficacy. Only mastery experiences significantly predicted science self-efficacy. Girls reported stronger science self-efficacy than did boys. Findings support and extend the theoretical tenets of Bandura's social cognitive theory. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 485,499, 2006 [source] Self-efficacy in the context of online learning environments: A review of the literature and directions for researchPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3-4 2008Charles B. Hodges The purpose of this paper is to examine the construct of self-efficacy in the context of online learning environments. Self-efficacy is defined as "beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments" (Bandura, 1997, p. 3). Traditionally, the four main sources of self-efficacy development are enactive master experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective state (Bandura, 1997). In this paper, self-efficacy is introduced in general. Research related to academic self-efficacy and self-efficacy in online learning environments is reviewed. The study of self-efficacy in online learning environments is new relative to the construct of self-efficacy. Research on self-efficacy and the use of computers in instructional situations has been included to broaden the literature base. The development of self-efficacy beliefs in online environments is highlighted as well as self-efficacy assessment issues. Possible areas of self-efficacy research in online environments are suggested, including pedagogical agents, persuasive feedback, and self-efficacy assessment. [source] Self-Efficacy Mediates Effects of Exposure, Loss of Resources, and Life Stress on Posttraumatic Distress among Trauma SurvivorsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 1 2009Aleksandra Luszczynska Trauma exposure, loss of resources, and stressful life events are usually listed among key predictors of posttraumatic adaptation. Our studies investigated if self-efficacy (i.e. beliefs about ability to deal with posttraumatic adversities) mediates the relationships between these peri- and post-traumatic risk factors and mental health. Study 1 investigated these relationships among 50 Hurricane Katrina survivors infected with HIV. Specifically, it was hypothesised that the effects of exposure and loss of resources (measured 1 year after the disaster) on posttraumatic symptoms and general distress (measured 2 years after disaster) would be mediated by self-efficacy (assessed 1 year after trauma). Study 2, enrolling 70 survivors of motor vehicle accidents, tested the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between stressful life events (reported at approximately 7 days after the trauma) and PTSD symptom severity and number (measured 90 days later). Results of both studies confirmed the mediating effects of beliefs about the ability to deal with posttraumatic adversities, whereas the direct effects of trauma exposure, number of stressors, and losses on mental health were negligible. Our findings indicate that although self-efficacy beliefs are affected by trauma and stressful life events (in particular, balance of negative and positive events), they should facilitate posttraumatic adaptation. [source] Fruit consumption among people living in a high deprivation New Zealand neighbourhoodAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 5 2009Sara R. Jaeger Abstract Objective: To investigate fruit consumption in a high deprivation population in New Zealand. Method: In 2007, 99 door-to-door interviews were conducted in a high deprivation neighbourhood in Auckland with a focus on measuring self-reported fruit consumption. Results: On average, participants reported eating a serving of fresh fruit five to six times per week. At the time of the interview, more than a third of participants (38%) did not have any fresh fruit in the house and 60% of respondents reported that in the past month they had thrown out fruit between one to four times per week because it was considered to be past its best in terms of eating quality. Fruit juice was consumed on average one to two times per week. Self-efficacy for fruit consumption was positively associated with consumption. Relative to participants with lower levels of self-efficacy for fruit consumption, those with higher levels of self-efficacy were more likely to achieve the target of consuming two or more servings of fruit daily. Conclusion: Strategies that aim to increase self-efficacy beliefs for fruit consumption may contribute to improving compliance with the recommended two or more servings daily. Together with strategies that give consideration to the social and cultural context and community level interventions (involving schools, churches and local community groups) they represent a holistic approach that is likely to be necessary for improving fruit consumption in high deprivation populations. [source] Affect-Congruent Social-Cognitive Evaluations and BehaviorsCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2008Kätlin Peets This study examined whether the affect children feel toward peers would influence children's social-cognitive evaluations and behaviors. The sample consisted of 209 fifth-grade children (11- to 12-year-olds; 119 boys and 90 girls). For each child, 3 target peers (liked, disliked, and neutral) were identified via a sociometric nomination procedure. The names of the targets were then inserted into hypothetical vignettes in which the target peer's behavior had a negative consequence for the child. After each vignette, questions about intent, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy beliefs were asked. In addition, self-reports regarding relationship-specific proactive and reactive aggression and regarding victimization were collected. The results demonstrate that children social-cognitively differentiate between the relationship types and that relationship-specific evaluations are associated with relationship-specific behaviors. [source] Predictors of parenting self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of toddlersCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2010P. R. Sevigny Abstract Background Researchers interested in child developmental outcomes have highlighted the role that parenting self-efficacy (PSE) plays in psychosocial child adjustment. PSE is a cognitive construct that can be broadly defined as an individual's appraisal of his or her competence in the parental role. PSE has emerged in the literature as an important variable when exploring variance in parenting skills. Despite this, much remains to be learned about PSE. Little is known about the predictors of PSE, with much of the existing research conducted in a piecemeal fashion that lacks a solid theoretical framework. In addition, PSE in fathers has been understudied and relatively little is known about PSE in families with toddler age children. Informed by Belsky's process model of parenting, this study explored similarities and differences in PSE and the predictors of PSE for mothers and fathers of toddlers. Methods A total of 62 cohabiting couples whose first-born child was 18,36 months old completed self-report measures of PSE, general self-efficacy, depression, marital satisfaction, parenting stress, child difficultness and family functioning. Results For fathers, parenting stress and their relational functioning (i.e. marital satisfaction and family functioning) with their spouse predicted PSE scores. For mothers, general self-efficacy and relational functioning were predictive of PSE. Conclusions and limitations The results of this study support the use of Belsky's process model of parenting to study the predictors of PSE. Important differences were found in the prediction models for mothers and fathers. Future studies need to clarify the nature of parental self-efficacy beliefs in fathers and continue to use comprehensive theoretical models to identify potentially relevant covariates of PSE. Limitations of the current investigation include reliance on self-report measures and the homogeneity of the sample. [source] | ||||||||||||||||