Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Self-awareness
Selected AbstractsI. SELF-AWARENESS IN DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVEMONOGRAPHS OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2006Article first published online: 9 FEB 200 First page of article [source] The role of autonomy,connectedness in depression and anxietyDEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 5 2006Marrie H.J. Bekker Ph.D. Abstract The relationship between autonomy,connectedness, and depression and anxiety was investigated in 94 primary mental health care patients and 95 psychology students. All participants completed the Autonomy,Connectedness Scale,30 (ACS-30), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Symptom Checklist,90 (SCL-90). Results indicated that the primary mental health care group compared with the control group scored lower in Self-Awareness and Capacity for Managing New Situations, and higher in Sensitivity to Others. Women compared with men had higher levels of self-reported Sensitivity to Others. Regression analyses showed that both (low) Self-Awareness and (high) Sensitivity to Others predicted depression, as well as anxiety; also, (low) educational level had predictive value. These results indicate that low autonomy,connectedness might be a risk factor for depression and anxiety. Depression and Anxiety 23:274,280, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self-AwarenessJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2003Mark R. Leary Previous discussions of the evolution of the self have diverged greatly in their estimates of the date at which the capacity for self-thought emerged, the factors that led self-reflection to evolve, and the nature of the evidence offered to support these disparate conclusions. Beginning with the assumption that human self-awareness involves a set of distinct cognitive abilities that evolved at different times to solve different adaptive problems, we trace the evolution of self-awareness from the common ancestor of humans and apes to the beginnings of culture, drawing upon paleontological, anthropological, biological, and psychological evidence. These data converge to suggest that that modern self-thought appeared just prior to the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition, approximately 60,000 years ago.Recto running head: Evolution of the Self. [source] "So Big": The Development of Body Self-Awareness in ToddlersCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2007Celia A. Brownell Early development of body self-awareness was examined in 57 children at 18, 22, or 26 months of age, using tasks designed to require objective representation of one's own body. All children made at least one body representation error, with approximately 2.5 errors per task on average. Errors declined with age. Children's performance on comparison tasks that required them to reason about the relative size of objects and about objects as obstacles, without considering their own bodies, was unrelated to performance on the body awareness tasks. Thus, the ability to represent and reflect on one's own body explicitly and objectively may be a unique dimension of early development, a distinct component of objective self-awareness that emerges in this age period. [source] Self-awareness of mastery and improvability of entrepreneurial competence in small businesses in the agrifood sectorHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010Thomas Lans An important assumption of entrepreneurial competence is that (at least part of) it can be learned and developed. However, human resources development (HRD) practices aimed at further strengthening and developing small-business owner,managers' entrepreneurial competence are complex and underdeveloped. A multisource assessment of owner,managers' entrepreneurial competence in a well-defined sector was conducted to provide an answer to the research question: How do self-assessments about mastery and improvability of entrepreneurial competence made by owner,managers relate to the same assessments made by significant others in the small-business work environment? The data show that owner,managers rate their own mastery of entrepreneurial competence significantly lower than internal assessors in their work environment do. Furthermore, the assessors indicate many possible areas for improvement of owner,managers' entrepreneurial competence. Nonetheless, mastery and improvability patterns differ considerably between the assessors. Multisource assessments as adopted in this study can help owner,managers raise their self-awareness, and consequently help them bypass some of their often costly trial-and-error learning. [source] Proto-professionalism: how professionalisation occurs across the continuum of medical educationMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2005Sean R Hilton Introduction, Professionalism and its assessment across the medical education continuum have become prominent topics in recent years. We consider the nature of professionalism and how it emerges and relates to the work carried out by doctors and doctors-in-training. Thesis and Discussion, We suggest 6 domains in which evidence of professionalism can be expected: ethical practice; reflection/self-awareness; responsibility for actions; respect for patients; teamwork, and social responsibility. Furthermore, we propose that a defining characteristic is encapsulated by the Greek term phronesis, or practical wisdom. Phronesis is acquired only after a prolonged period of experience (and reflection on experience) occurring in concert with the professional's evolving knowledge and skills base. The prior period we have termed as one of ,proto-professionalism'. Influences on proto-professionalism are considered in terms of moral and psychosocial development and reflective judgement. Conclusion, Curricula that develop meta-skills will foster the acquisition and maintenance of professionalism. Adverse environmental conditions in the hidden curriculum may have powerful attritional effects. [source] Philosophical Arguments, Historical Contexts, and Theory of Education1EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 1 2007Daniel Tröhler Abstract This paper argues that many philosophical arguments within the education discourse are too little embedded in their own historical contexts. Starting out from the obvious fact that philosophers of education use sources from the past, the paper asks how we can deal with the arguments that these sources contain. The general attitude within philosophy of education, which views arguments as timeless, is being challenged by the insight that arguments always depend upon their own contexts. For this reason, citing past authors, heroes, or enemies without respecting the context says more about our interest at the present time than it does about the times of the authors examined. Conversely, the contextual approach helps us to avoid believing that ,timeless truths' are to be found in different texts of different ages. However, the present contribution in no way advocates a total relativization of statements. Quite the contrary; it claims that the contextual approach helps us to understand the traditions and contexts within which we ourselves, as researchers, are positioned. And this self-awareness is believed to be the proper starting position for theoretical statements about education. [source] From Hostage to Host: Confessions of a Spirit Medium in NigerETHOS, Issue 1-2 2002Associate Professor Adeline Masquelier Spirit possession ostensibly solves problems by freeing the object of possession from certain responsibilities, yet it also creates a whole nexus of unavoidable obligations as the human host learns to cope with the social, financial, and moral demands of her powerful alter ego. Rather than simplifying situations, possession complicates them by introducing new relations and enabling new forms of communication. In this article, I explore what bori possession as communication entailed for a young Mawri woman from Dogondoutchi (Niger) when her possessing spirit made dramatic revelations that forced her to make changes in her life. I show that possession opens up a space of self-awareness for mediums as they struggle to gain progressive control over the terms of their relationships with spirits. In this space of reflexivity they help create and in their role as interlocutors, accusers, or diviners, spirits play a crucial role in the refashioning of human histories and identities. [source] An application of escape theory to binge eatingEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Sonja Blackburn Abstract The application of Escape Theory (Heatherton & Baumeister, 1991) to binge eating was studied in a non-clinical sample of 129 women. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed a good fit between the Escape Model and the data. Perfectionism strongly predicted aversive self-awareness which, in turn, predicted negative affect. Negative affect predicted levels of avoidant coping which strongly predicted levels of binge eating. Implications for understanding and treating binge eating are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Procrastination as self-regulation failure of performance: effects of cognitive load, self-awareness, and time limits on ,working best under pressure'EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 5 2001Joseph R. Ferrari Effects of cognitive load, objective self-awareness and time limits on the self-regulation of performance speed and accuracy were investigated between procrastinators and non-procrastinators. In experiment 1 chronic procrastinators completed fewer items (slow speed) and made more errors (less accuracy) than non-procrastinators under high but not low cognitive load conditions when the time span was limited and brief. In experiment 2 chronic procrastinators performed slower than non-procrastinators under a 2 second, but not under no limit, 1 second, or 4 second time limit conditions. Chronic procrastinators compared to non-procrastinators also performed more slowly and made more performance errors under objective self-awareness conditions regardless of the length of time. These experiments indicate that chronic procrastinators regulate ineffectively their performance speed and accuracy when they ,work under pressure' (defined by high cognitive load, objective self-awareness, and imposed time limitations). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Using Videotaped Feedback During Intervention With Married Couples: A Qualitative AssessmentFAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 4 2006Edgar C. J. Long Abstract: Sixteen married couples volunteered to participate in a 6-week empathy training program. Ten of the 16 couples observed and made comments about their taped interaction at the end of the program. Individuals watched the tape of their own interaction at the follow-up and were asked several qualitative questions, including what they noticed about themselves. The five themes that emerged in the comments individuals made after watching themselves on videotape included surprised by self, discomfort watching the tape, increased self-awareness of emotions, observed patterns of interaction, and nondefensive self-disclosure. We discuss the potential utility of the videotape methodology for marriage educators and interventionists. [source] Developing global leaders: Executive coaching targets cross-cultural competenciesGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 1 2006Katherine Handin Leaders working with colleagues from other cultures or heading multicultural teams may find themselves stymied by their own apparent ineffectiveness and bewildered by the reactions of others. A new model of executive coaching can help individuals transform lifelong conditioning and personal assumptions into new beliefs and behaviors needed for cross-cultural collaboration and leadership. The coachee draws on three core ethnorelative values and behaviors,curiosity, cultivation, and collaboration,and uses communication skills and reflection techniques to delve beneath the surface of each situation. Through self-awareness and appreciation for others, the coachee becomes a leader who can deftly navigate cultural differences to build rewarding and productive relationships. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The human mirror neuron system in a population with deficient self-awareness: An fMRI study in alexithymiaHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 7 2009Yoshiya Moriguchi Abstract The mirror neuron system (MNS) is considered crucial for human imitation and language learning and provides the basis for the development of empathy and mentalizing. Alexithymia (ALEX), which refers to deficiencies in the self-awareness of emotional states, has been reported to be associated with poor ability in various aspects of social cognition such as mentalizing, cognitive empathy, and perspective-taking. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured the hemodynamic signal to examine whether there are functional differences in the MNS activity between participants with ALEX (n = 16) and without ALEX (n = 13), in response to a classic MNS task (i.e., the observation of video clips depicting goal-directed hand movements). Both groups showed increased neural activity in the premotor and the parietal cortices during observation of hand actions. However, activation was greater for the ALEX group than the non-ALEX group. Furthermore, activation in the left premotor area was negatively correlated with perspective-taking ability as assessed with the interpersonal reactivity index. The signal in parietal cortices was negatively correlated with cognitive facets assessed by the stress coping inventory and positively correlated with the neuroticism scale from the NEO five factor personality scale. In addition, in the ALEX group, activation in the right superior parietal region showed a positive correlation with the severity of ALEX as measured by a structured interview. These results suggest that the stronger MNS-related neural response in individuals scoring high on ALEX is associated with their insufficient self-other differentiation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Self-awareness of mastery and improvability of entrepreneurial competence in small businesses in the agrifood sectorHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010Thomas Lans An important assumption of entrepreneurial competence is that (at least part of) it can be learned and developed. However, human resources development (HRD) practices aimed at further strengthening and developing small-business owner,managers' entrepreneurial competence are complex and underdeveloped. A multisource assessment of owner,managers' entrepreneurial competence in a well-defined sector was conducted to provide an answer to the research question: How do self-assessments about mastery and improvability of entrepreneurial competence made by owner,managers relate to the same assessments made by significant others in the small-business work environment? The data show that owner,managers rate their own mastery of entrepreneurial competence significantly lower than internal assessors in their work environment do. Furthermore, the assessors indicate many possible areas for improvement of owner,managers' entrepreneurial competence. Nonetheless, mastery and improvability patterns differ considerably between the assessors. Multisource assessments as adopted in this study can help owner,managers raise their self-awareness, and consequently help them bypass some of their often costly trial-and-error learning. [source] Postfeedback development perceptions: Applying the theory of planned behaviorHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006Alma McCarthy The primary purpose of management development programs is performance improvement at an individual and organizational level. Performance improvement results from knowledge, skill, or ability enhancement. An important intervention in management development is the use of 360-degree or multisource feedback (MSF), which leads to more effective career development activity resulting from enhanced self-awareness. The research model used to investigate self-reported postfeedback management development behavior is derived using the theory of planned behavior. The findings reveal that perceptions of the accuracy of MSF, cynicism, perceived organizational support, and age are significant predictors of postfeedback development behavior. The implications for research and practice are set out. [source] 360-degree feedback with systematic coaching: Empirical analysis suggests a winning combinationHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2003Fred Luthans Wanted: High-performance work practices to gain a competitive advantage. An increasingly common answer to this desperate call is 360-degree programs; unfortunately, they have, at best, mixed reviews when empirically assessed. This study found that a way to improve the effectiveness of 360s may be to combine them with coaching focused on enhanced self-awareness and behavioral management. In a small manufacturer, this feedback-coaching resulted in improved manager and employee satisfaction, commitment, intentions to turnover, and at least indirectly, this firm's performance. This feedback-coaching may be a winning combination to help in the competitive battles in today's global economy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Processes of visual self-recognition in infants: experimental induction of ,mirror' experience via video self-image presentationINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2001Andre Vyt Abstract This study investigates infants' (ages 15,28 months) performance on two visual self-recognition measures: using a video-screen as a mirror-like medium to locate objects not seen directly, and locating a mark on the face after seeing it in the mirror-like medium. Infants experienced one of two training conditions on the video-screen: they watched their parents and the parents' reflected images or they watched themselves. The study aims to find evidence for the view that object-locating and mark-directed behaviour in self-image presentation are in different ways experience-dependent. Contingency experience influenced the ability to locate objects, but did not influence mark-directed behaviour in a marked-face (rouge) condition. Also, children with a higher level of object-permanence understanding scored better on object-localization, while level of object-permanence understanding was unrelated to mark-directed behaviour in the rouge condition. The findings suggest that mark- and object-locating conditions follow a different developmental course. Search behaviour in this paradigm is also discussed with regard to experiential elements, perceptual cues and representational skills. The locating of mirrored objects may be a good paradigm for studying sensorimotor information processing, without being necessarily used as an indicator of self-awareness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Conducting rehabilitation groups for people suffering from chronic painINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 3 2010Elin Dysvik RN PhD Dysvik E, Stephens P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 233,240 Conducting rehabilitation groups for people suffering from chronic pain The aim of this study was to offer guidelines for counsellors who work with rehabilitation groups of patients with chronic pain. The sample involved nine counsellors engaged in a multidisciplinary pain management programme. Two focus group interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. These indicate that main challenges facing counsellors were related to maintaining constructive group processes and being mentally prepared. The counsellors reported that knowledge concerning self-awareness, theoretical frameworks and counselling techniques was important. Personal learning included: group leadership, teamwork, grasping the inside story and obtaining supervision. The results show how important it is to have trained counsellors that are well prepared to prevent and deal with challenging group processes. Counsellors need to understand the concept of pain and be acquainted with cognitive behavioural framework and group processes. The results indicate that counsellors perceive regular supervision as supportive and is likely to promote good team functioning. [source] The Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA) intervention: respiratory guideline implementation for nurse trainersINTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW, Issue 4 2006A. Bheekie d.pharm Aim:, This paper describes the design, facilitation and preliminary assessment of a 1-week cascade training programme for nurse trainers in preparation for implementation of the Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA) intervention, tested within the context of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial in the Free State province. PALSA combines evidence-based syndromic guidelines on the management of respiratory disease in adults with group educational outreach to nurse practitioners. Background:, Evidence-based strategies to facilitate the implementation of primary care guidelines in low- to middle-income countries are limited. In South Africa, where the burden of respiratory diseases is high and growing, documentation and evaluation of training programmes in chronic conditions for health professionals is limited. Method:, The PALSA training design aimed for coherence between the content of the guidelines and the facilitation process that underpins adult learning. Content facilitation involved the use of key management principles (key messages) highlighted in nurse-centred guidelines manual and supplemented by illustrated material and reminders. Process facilitation entailed reflective and experiential learning, role-playing and non-judgemental feedback. Discussion and results:, Preliminary feedback showed an increase in trainers' self-awareness and self-confidence. Process and content facilitators agreed that the integrated training approach was balanced. All participants found that the training was motivational, minimally prescriptive, highly nurse-centred and offered personal growth. Conclusion:, In addition to tailored guideline recommendations, training programmes should consider individual learning styles and adult learning processes. [source] The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self-AwarenessJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2003Mark R. Leary Previous discussions of the evolution of the self have diverged greatly in their estimates of the date at which the capacity for self-thought emerged, the factors that led self-reflection to evolve, and the nature of the evidence offered to support these disparate conclusions. Beginning with the assumption that human self-awareness involves a set of distinct cognitive abilities that evolved at different times to solve different adaptive problems, we trace the evolution of self-awareness from the common ancestor of humans and apes to the beginnings of culture, drawing upon paleontological, anthropological, biological, and psychological evidence. These data converge to suggest that that modern self-thought appeared just prior to the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition, approximately 60,000 years ago.Recto running head: Evolution of the Self. [source] Adult Sensitivity to Children's Learning in the Zone of Proximal DevelopmentJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2001Amy Chak Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (zpd) has brought wide attention to the role of adults in children's learning and development. The author proposes that beyond understanding its mechanism, its use is influenced by various factors which the adult needs to be sensitive to. Through integrating related literature on the zpd and on adult-child interactions, this paper aims to shed light on the nature of adult sensitivity in actualizing the zpd. The concept is first analyzed theoretically. Two types of sensitivity will then be discussed: adults' self-awareness and their awareness of children as active players in the interaction process. Sigel's concept of distancing is suggested as a means of enhancing one's sensitivity. [source] Healthcare professionals' perceptions of existential distress in patients with advanced cancerJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 7 2010Esther Mok mok e., lau k-p., lam w-m., chan l-n., ng j.s.c. & chan k-s. (2010) Healthcare professionals' perceptions of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(7), 1510,1522. Abstract Title.,Healthcare professionals' perceptions of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. Aim., This paper is a report of an exploration of the phenomenon of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals. Background., Existential distress is an important concern in patients with advanced cancer; it affects their well-being and needs to be addressed in the provision of holistic care. Method., Focus groups were conducted from November 2008 to February 2009 with physicians, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and chaplains working in a palliative care unit that served patients with advanced cancer in Hong Kong. Data collection and analysis were guided by the grounded theory approach. All categories were saturated when five focus groups had been held with a total number of 23 participants. Findings., We found three causal conditions of existential distress: anticipation of a negative future, failure to engage in meaningful activities and relationships, and having regrets. Three basic (caring, relating and knowing) and six specific (positive feedback, religious support, new experiences, task setting, exploring alternatives and relationship reconciliation) intervening strategies were identified. Whether the intervening strategies would be effective would depend on patients' openness and readiness; healthcare professionals' self-awareness, hopefulness, and interest in knowing the patients; and a trusting relationship between patients and healthcare professionals. A sense of peace in patients was considered a consequence of successful interventions. Conclusion., This paper acknowledges the lack of an accepted conceptual framework of existential distress in patients with advanced cancer. It is based on healthcare professionals' views, and further studies from the perspectives of patients and their families are needed. [source] The effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme on older patients with chronic pulmonary diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 1 2008Kim Ae Kyung RN Aim., The aim of this study was to answer the question: is there an effect on the respiratory capacity and activity tolerance of older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who participate in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme? Background., Pulmonary rehabilitation is now an integral part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. Evidence supports the positive effects of breath training and exercising training on quality of life, exercise tolerance and improved physical condition of individual with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Limited empirical documentation exists to support the effectiveness of a nurse managed rehabilitation programme for older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study was done to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation provided by nurses on the pulmonary function, gas exchange and exercise tolerance in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Design., A one group pre-test,post-test design was used to evaluate the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Method., The sample consisted of 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme including breathing exercises, upper-limb exercises and inspiratory muscle training. Results., The findings indicated improvement in exercise performance and a decrease in dyspnea after participation in the pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Relevance to clinical practice., The clinical nurse can make a significant impact on the illness trajectory and quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The nurse has a critical role in helping patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease learn to cope, adjust and adapt to life with a chronic illness. Active nurse involvement with a patient in a pulmonary rehabilitation programme can assist in the identification of factors that motivate the patient, help in establishing realistic out comes expectations and provide patient teaching opportunities. The nurse can assist the patient to develop skills of self-awareness regarding particular symptoms, self-monitoring and health status change identification. [source] Emotion recognition, emotional awareness and cognitive bias in individuals with bulimia nervosaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Tanja Legenbauer Abstract Difficulties recognizing emotion have been reported for eating disordered individuals in relation to perception of emotions in others and emotional self-awareness. It remains unclear whether this is a perceptual or cognitive-affective problem. Clarification is sought and the question of a cognitive bias is addressed when interpreting facially expressed emotions. Twenty participants with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 20 normal controls (NC) were assessed for ability to recognize emotional and neutral expressions. Emotional self-awareness was also assessed. Significant differences were found for emotional self-awareness. For emotional faces, only a poorer recognition of the emotion, surprise, for BN was found. Problems with emotional self-awareness suggest a cognitive-affective disturbance in emotion recognition. Implications for therapy are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:687,702, 2008. [source] An integrative formulation-based cognitive treatment of bipolar disorders: Application and illustrationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Warren Mansell An integrative cognitive treatment for mood swings and bipolar disorders is summarized and then illustrated in a clinical case. In essence, it is proposed that multiple, extreme, and conflicting beliefs about changes in internal state, and the reciprocal impact of these beliefs on behavior, physiology, and the social environment, constitute the central mechanism that maintain and escalate bipolar symptoms. Using a case illustration with examples of therapy dialogue, several key aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy are explained, including the assessment of mood, beliefs, distressing imagery, and recurrent thinking; case formulation; therapeutic techniques; self-awareness; interpersonal factors during therapy; and systemic issues. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 447,461, 2007. [source] A much needed macro level view: A commentary on Henriques' "Psychology Defined"JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 12 2004Paul Gilbert To develop greater coherence, psychology must develop its macro and integrative approaches to the mind. In this illuminating paper, Henriques (this issue) outlines the kind of thinking that is needed. He skillfully illuminates the levels of emergence of mind from the material world and argues that the recursive self-regulative abilities of self-awareness set us apart from other animals. The interaction between an evolved mind, adapted to pursue strategic goals, while also being phenotypically shaped by both environment and our recently evolved cognitive competencies, is a core focus of psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] Unemployment and aggression: the moderating role of self-awareness on the effect of unemployment on aggressionAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2008Peter Fischer Abstract In February 2005, the unemployment rate in Germany surpassed the 10% mark. Derived from the revised version of the frustration,aggression hypothesis [Berkowitz, 1989], the present studies investigated the association between unemployment and aggression, as well as the moderating role of the self in this context. Because previous research on unemployment and aggression has been plagued by the cause-and-effect issue, the present research employed both an experimental and a correlational field approach. Three studies revealed that participants who expected to be unemployed after their degree (Studies 1 and 3), or who were currently unemployed (Study 2), reported stronger aggressive inclinations than participants who expected not to be unemployed or who were not unemployed at the time of data collection. However, this aggression-eliciting effect of expected or real unemployment only occurred for participants with low self-awareness. Participants who could actualize their self prior to reporting on aggression were not differently affected by different expectations or states of unemployment. Aggr. Behav. 34:34,45, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The healing power of reflective writing for a student victim of sexual assaultJOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING, Issue 2 2009Karen A. Karlowicz EdD Abstract The phenomenon of a caring relationship between a teacher and her student, a victim of sexual assault, is mediated through reflective writing assignments in a baccalaureate nursing program. Increased self-awareness, personal transformation, and healing results when the student is encouraged to openly write about her feelings. [source] Attacking Poverty,a strategic dilemma for the World BankJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2001Michael Hubbard Attacking Poverty has attracted more than the usual interest in World Development Reports mainly because it reflects the dilemma in future strategy for the World Bank. Its basis in a widely welcomed consultation with the poor, its transparent process and new conceptual framework contrast with limited development of the new themes , equality, security, empowerment of the poor , and of issues to do with aid: resources and rights. Contributors to this special issue discuss the dilemma reflected in Attacking Poverty from a number of angles: critical self-awareness by World Bank, promoting equality, shifting from the Washington Consensus, limits to the Bank's role, and enabling collective action by the poor. Other contributions discuss how the analysis in Attacking Poverty should be strengthened: inclusion of urban poverty and urbanisation's role in political development, promoting informal means of reducing vulnerability, and investigation of the long term consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Priorities for the next poverty-focused World Development Report (2010?) should include a more disaggregated and complete view of who is poor, why and where, and analysis of progress in political development. The World Bank may be best able to contribute to political development by extending to the subnational and public services level its main achievement of recent decades: the gathering, analysis and dissemination of comparative development data, to help move the focus of politics towards improving services and living standards. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The World Development Report: concepts, content and a Chapter 12,JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2001Robert Chambers The World Development Report (WDR) process set new standards for openness and consultation. Its concepts and content are a major advance on its 1990 predecessor. The intention that its concepts and content should be influenced by voices of the poor was partly fulfilled. Conceptually, the VOP findings support the multidimensional view of poverty as ,pronounced deprivation of wellbeing', and the use of income-poverty to describe what is only one dimension of poverty (though this welcome usage is not consistent throughout in the WDR). Two concepts or analytical orientations were not adopted: powerlessness and disadvantage seen as a multidimensional interlinked web; and livelihoods. On content, three areas where the influence fell short were: how the police persecute and impoverish poor people; the diversity of the poorest people; and the significance of the body as the main but vulnerable and indivisible asset of many poor people. A weakness of the WDR is its lack of critical self-awareness. Chapter 11 is self-serving for the International Financial Institutions: it lumps loans with grants as concessional finance; it makes liberal use of the term donor, but never lender; and it does not consider debt avoidance as a strategy. The Report ends abruptly, a body without a head. Its multidimensional view of poverty is not matched by a multidimensional view of power and responsibility. A Chapter 12 is crying out to be written. This would confront issues of professional, institutional and personal commitment and change. It would stress critical reflection as a professional norm, disempowerment for democratic diversity as institutional practice, and personal values, attitudes and courageous behaviour as primary and crucial if development is to be change that is good for poor people. A new conclusion is suggested for the WDR, and a title for the World Development Report 2010. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||