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Kinds of Search Terms modified by Search Selected AbstractsValidation and Clinical Utility of a Simple In-Home Testing Tool for Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Arrhythmias in Heart Failure: Results of the Sleep Events, Arrhythmias, and Respiratory Analysis in Congestive Heart Failure (SEARCH) StudyCONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, Issue 5 2006William T. Abraham MD Fifty patients with New York Heart Association class III systolic heart failure were enrolled in this prospective multicenter study that compared the diagnostic accuracy of a home-based cardiorespiratory testing system with standard attended polysomnography. Patients underwent at least 2 nights of evaluation and were scored by blinded observers. At diagnostic cutoff points of ,5, ,10, and ,15 events per hour for respiratory disturbance severity, polysomnography demonstrated a sleep-disordered breathing prevalence of 69%, 59%, and 49%, respectively. Compared with polysomnography, the cardiorespiratory testing system demonstrated predictive accuracies of 73%, 73%, and 75%, which improved to 87%, 87%, and 83%, respectively, when analysis of covariance suggested reanalysis omitting one site's data. The system accurately identified both suspected and unsuspected arrhythmias. The device was judged by 80% of patients to be easy or very easy to use, and 74% of patients expressed a preference for the in-home system. Therefore, this system represents a reasonable home testing device in these patients. [source] IN SEARCH OF COMMON GROUND: THE IMPORTANCE OF THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICECRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2005M. KAY HARRIS [source] [Commentary] META-ANALYSES AND THE SEARCH FOR SPECIFIC AND COMMON MEDIATORS OF SUBSTANCE MISUSE INTERVENTION EFFECTSADDICTION, Issue 5 2009JOHN W. FINNEY No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE SEARCH FOR A PROPORTIONATE CARE LAW BY FORMULA FUNDING IN THE ENGLISH NHSFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2009Gwyn Bevan Although the National Health Service was created to achieve equity of access to health care in 1948, over twenty years later an ,inverse care law' was seen to operate. The 1976,Report of the Resource Allocation Working Party,laid the principles of formula funding to achieve an equitable distribution of resources, to move, over time, towards the operation of a proportionate care law. These principles have been applied ever since in England. This paper describes the context, governance and subsequent development of formulas and three persistent problems: accounting for populations, their needs and variations in the unavoidable costs of providers. The paper concludes by outlining continuing problems from the past and new challenges of formula funding in England to reduce ,avoidable' inequalities in health. [source] GENEALOGIES OF THE GRID: REVISITING STANISLAWSKI'S SEARCH FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE GRID,PATTERN TOWN,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2008REDWOOD, REUBEN S. ROSE ABSTRACT. As a spatial form, the grid pattern has influenced a range of human activities, from urban planning, architecture, and modern art to graphic design, archaeology, and cartography. Scholars from different disciplines have generally explored the role of the grid within their respective fields of inquiry. One of the earliest geographical attempts to systematically trace the origin and diffusion of the grid-pattern town was provided by Dan Stanislawski in the mid,twentieth century. In this article I critically examine the limitations of Stanislawski's theory of the grid's origin as a means of challenging the doctrine of diffusionism more generally. I then provide a selective overview of recent approaches to understanding the grid and call for a comparative genealogy of gridded spaces and places. [source] ON-THE-JOB SEARCH, PRODUCTIVITY SHOCKS, AND THE INDIVIDUAL EARNINGS PROCESS,INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2010Fabien Postel-Vinay Individual labor earnings observed in worker panel data have complex, highly persistent dynamics. We investigate the capacity of a structural job search model with on-the-job search, wage renegotiation by mutual consent, and i.i.d. productivity shocks to replicate salient properties of these dynamics, such as the covariance structure of earnings, the evolution of individual earnings mean, and variance with the duration of uninterrupted employment, or the distribution of year-to-year earnings changes. Structural estimation of our model on a 12-year panel of highly educated British workers shows that our simple framework produces a dynamic earnings structure that is remarkably consistent with the data. [source] A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, OCCUPATIONAL CHOICES, AND JOB SEARCH,INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Paul Sullivan This article examines career choices using a dynamic structural model that nests a job search model within a human capital model of occupational and educational choices. Wage growth occurs in the model because workers move between firms and occupations as they search for suitable job matches and because workers endogenously accumulate firm and occupation specific human capital. Simulations performed using the estimated model reveal that both self-selection in occupational choices and mobility between firms account for a much larger share of total earnings and utility than the combined effects of firm and occupation specific human capital. [source] SELF-EFFICACY AND FEAR OF FALLING: IN SEARCH OF COMPLETE THEORYJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 2 2006Helen W. Lach PhD First page of article [source] A SEARCH FOR MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA IN URBAN INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2008Donald R. Davis ABSTRACT Theories featuring multiple equilibria are widespread across economics. Yet little empirical work has asked if multiple equilibria are features of real economies. We examine this in the context of the Allied bombing of Japanese cities and industries in World War II. We develop a new empirical test for multiple equilibria and apply it to data for 114 Japanese cities in eight manufacturing industries. The data provide no support for the existence of multiple equilibria. In the aftermath even of immense shocks, a city typically recovers not only its population and its share of aggregate manufacturing, but even the industries it had before. [source] OUT-OF-THE-MONEY: THE IMPACT OF UNDERWATER STOCK OPTIONS ON EXECUTIVE JOB SEARCHPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2005BENJAMIN DUNFORD The need for future leadership in organizations is widely recognized, and often addressed through leadership development, succession planning, and building a top talent pipeline among existing employees. Equally important is retaining talented executives. Executive retention has become a concern for organizations as plunging stock prices have led to vastly devalued stock options, perhaps causing executives to look elsewhere for more lucrative stock option portfolios. Yet, there has been little research on the relationship between stock option value and executive retention. In a cross-company, cross-industry sample of 610 U.S. executives, we explored the relationship between underwater stock options and job search. We found a positive association between the percentage of underwater stock options in executives' portfolios and job search. This relationship was moderated as predicted, by executives' perceptions of alternative employment and money inadequacy beliefs. [source] POSTING MULTIPLE PRICES TO REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSUMER PRICE SEARCH,THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2007NORMAN J. IRELAND In a model of competition with imperfect consumer price information and incomplete price search, some consumers may end up comparing prices originating from the same supplier: either because one firm sets multiple prices or because a group of firms colludes. This leads to added monopoly power for these firms, and average prices in the mixed strategy equilibrium become higher. There is a shift in welfare from consumers to producers, both with exogenous and endogenous consumer search behaviour. However consumers might search more or less with multiple prices. The implications for the price-setting equilibrium, competition policy and recent judgements are considered. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 22, Number 2.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 2 2006April 200 Front and back cover caption, volume 22 issue 2 Front & back cover ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE. The debate around the likelihood of humans encountering extraterrestrial life is based in the broad context of cosmic evolution, which encompasses astronomical, biological and socio-cultural evolution. In this depiction of cosmic evolution from the US National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA), the upper left portion shows the formation of stars, the production of heavy elements and the formation of planetary systems, including our own. On the lower left-hand side prebiotic molecules, RNA and DNA are formed within the first billion years on the primitive Earth. The centre shows the origin and evolution of life leading to increasing complexity, culminating with intelligence, culture, and the astronomers who contemplate the universe on the upper right. The image was created by David DesMarais, Thomas Scattergood and Linda Jahnke at NASA's Ames Research Center in 1986, and reissued in 1997. In this issue Steven J. Dick, Chief Historian at NASA, recounts the history of anthropological involvement in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and discusses SETI's broader relevance to anthropology. Anthropologists are uniquely qualified by knowledge and training to contribute to SETI, since central concerns when and if contact is made will include socio-cultural difference and cross-cultural communication. In turn the extraterrestrial perspective has much to offer anthropology, both in expanding its boundaries, its insights and its tools, and in casting a fresh light on cultures on Earth. Valerie Olson, in her review of the session dedicated to SETI at the 2005 American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting, argues that the SETI vision of a terrestrial/extraterrestrial dichotomy between human and alien ,others' brings older and more recent anthropological ideas into a new juxtaposition, and that SETI has potential for stimulating the anthropological imagination. [source] RANDOM APPROXIMATED GREEDY SEARCH FOR FEATURE SUBSET SELECTIONASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Issue 3 2004Feng Gao ABSTRACT We propose a sequential approach called Random Approximated Greedy Search (RAGS) in this paper and apply it to the feature subset selection for regression. It is an extension of GRASP/Super-heuristics approach to complex stochastic combinatorial optimization problems, where performance estimation is very expensive. The key points of RAGS are from the methodology of Ordinal Optimization (OO). We soften the goal and define success as good enough but not necessarily optimal. In this way, we use more crude estimation model, and treat the performance estimation error as randomness, so it can provide random perturbations mandated by the GRASP/Super-heuristics approach directly and save a lot of computation effort at the same time. By the multiple independent running of RAGS, we show that we obtain better solutions than standard greedy search under the comparable computation effort. [source] Re-calibration and external validation of an existing nomogram to predict aggressive recurrences after radical prostatectomyBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2010Florian R. Schroeck Study Type , Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To re-calibrate the previously published Duke Prostate Center (DPC) nomogram for the prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) to not only predict overall BCR but also the clinically more relevant endpoint of an aggressive recurrence (i.e. a BCR with a postoperative PSA doubling time (PSADT) of <9 months). PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the established point-scale system based upon the previously published DPC nomogram, we re-calibrated this point system to predict not just BCR, but also aggressive BCR within 2599 men treated with RP from the DPC database. PSADT was computed on all patients meeting the recurrence definition who had a minimum of two PSA values, separated by at least 3 months, and ,2 years after recurrence. External validation was performed using data from 1695 men treated with RP within the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database by calculating the concordance index c and by plotting calibration curves. RESULTS The median follow-up for patients with no BCR was 56 and 47 months for DPC and SEARCH, respectively. In the DPC modelling cohort and the SEARCH validation cohort, 645 (25%) and 557 (33%) men had BCR, while 83 (3.2%) and 71 (4.2%) patients had an aggressive recurrence. In external validation, predictive accuracy for an aggressive BCR was high (c = 0.83) and the nomogram showed good calibration. CONCLUSIONS We re-calibrated an existing nomogram to not only predict overall BCR after RP but also aggressive recurrence after RP. Our new tool can provide valuable information for patient counselling and patient selection for adjuvant therapy trials. [source] The Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) nomogram for risk stratification in intermediate risk group of men with prostate cancer: validation in the Duke Prostate Center databaseBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010Jayakrishnan Jayachandran Study Type , Prognosis (cohort) Level of Evidence 2a OBJECTIVES To validate the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) nomogram to better risk stratify men with intermediate-risk pathology after prostatectomy (positive surgical margins, PSM, and/or extracapsular disease, ECE, without seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement) in a tertiary referral centre (the Duke Prostate Center, DPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed 485 men in the DPC cohort with PSM and/or ECE but without seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement. The predicted risk of biochemical progression-free probability at 1, 3 and 5 years was estimated by the SEARCH and updated Kattan postoperative nomograms. Calibration plots were generated and accuracy assessed with the concordance index. RESULTS The SEARCH nomogram appeared to be well calibrated, with the highest-risk quartile having a predicted <60% progression-free probability at 5 years, vs >80% for the lowest risk. In comparison, overall external calibration appeared to be similar for the updated Kattan nomogram, although there was less separation between the highest- and lowest-risk quartiles. The SEARCH model had an overall predictive accuracy of 0.65, which compared favourably with the updated Kattan nomogram (0.57). CONCLUSION In an external dataset, the SEARCH nomogram to predict progression-free probability for men at intermediate risk after prostatectomy was well calibrated and performed better than the updated postoperative Kattan nomogram. [source] Validation of a nomogram to predict disease progression following salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH databaseBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2009Daniel M. Moreira OBJECTIVE To externally validate the nomogram published by Stephenson et al. (termed the ,Stephenson nomogram') to predict disease progression after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) among patients with prostate cancer from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed data from 102 men treated with SRT for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure after prostatectomy, of whom 30 (29%) developed disease progression after SRT during a median follow-up of 50 months. The predicted 6-year progression-free survival (PFS) was compared to the actuarial PFS using calibration plots. The accuracy of the nomogram to risk-stratify men for progression was assessed by the concordance index. RESULTS The median PSA and PSA doubling time before SRT was 0.6 ng/mL and 10.3 months, respectively. The 6-year actuarial disease-free progression after SRT was 57% (95% confidence interval 42,69%). The overall concordance index of the Stephenson nomogram was 0.65. The nomogram predicted failure more accurately at the extremes of risk (lowest and highest) but in intermediate groups, the accuracy was less precise. Of the 11 variables used in the nomogram, only negative margins and high PSA level before SRT were significantly associated with increased disease progression. CONCLUSION The Stephenson nomogram is an important tool to predict disease progression after SRT following radical prostatectomy. It adequately predicted progression in SEARCH with reasonable accuracy. Also, in SEARCH, disease progression was predicted by similar disease characteristics. However, the overall modest performance of the model in our validation cohort indicates there is still room for improvement in predictive models for disease progression after SRT. [source] FUNDING EXTERNALITIES, ASSET PRICES AND INVESTORS' ,SEARCH FOR YIELD'BULLETIN OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Prasanna Gai G15; E44; E58 ABSTRACT This note presents a simple model that nests the ,excess liquidity' and ,savings glut' hypotheses of the debate on the recent asset price boom. It clarifies the notion of investors' ,search for yield' and shows how financial frictions influence asset price dynamics. [source] SEMANTICS-ASSISTED PROBLEM SOLVING ON THE SEMANTIC GRIDCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 2 2005Liming Chen In this paper we propose a distributed knowledge management framework for semantics and knowledge creation, population, and reuse on the grid. Its objective is to evolve the Grid toward the Semantic Grid with the ultimate purpose of facilitating problem solving in e-Science. The framework uses ontology as the conceptual backbone and adopts the service-oriented computing paradigm for information- and knowledge-level computation. We further present a semantics-based approach to problem solving, which exploits the rich semantic information of grid resource descriptions for resource discovery, instantiation, and composition. The framework and approach has been applied to a UK e-Science project,Grid Enabled Engineering Design Search and Optimisation in Engineering (GEODISE). An ontology-enabled problem solving environment (PSE) has been developed in GEODISE to leverage the semantic content of GEODISE resources and the Semantic Grid infrastructure for engineering design. Implementation and initial experimental results are reported. [source] New Concepts in Evolutionary Search for Boolean Functions in CryptologyCOMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, Issue 3 2004William Millan In symmetric cryptology the resistance to attacks depends critically on the nonlinearity properties of the Boolean functions describing cipher components like Substitution boxes (S-boxes). Some of the most effective methods known to generate functions that satisfy multiple criteria are based on evolutionary heuristics. In this paper, we improve on these algorithms by employing an adaptive strategy. Additionally, using recent improvements in the understanding of these combinatorial structures, we discover essential properties of the graph formed by affine equivalence classes of Boolean functions, which offers several advantages as a conceptual model for multiobjective seeking evolutionary heuristics. Finally, we propose the first major global cooperative effort to discover new bounds for cryptographic properties of Boolean functions. [source] A Note on the Interdependence between Hypothesis Generation and Information Search in Conducting Analytical Procedures,CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 2 2003Stephen K. Asare Abstract This study examines the linkage among the initial hypothesis set, the information search, and decision performance in performing analytical procedures. We manipulated the quality of the initial hypothesis set and the quality of the information search to investigate the extent to which deficiencies (or benefits) in either process can be remedied (or negated) by the other phase. The hypothesis set manipulation entailed inheriting a correct hypothesis set, inheriting an incorrect hypothesis set, or generating a hypothesis set. The information search was manipulated by providing a balanced evidence set to auditors (i.e., evidence on a range of likely causes including the actual cause - analogous to a standard audit program) or asking them to conduct their own search. One hundred and two auditors participated in the study. The results show that auditors who inherit a correct hypothesis set and receive balanced evidence performed better than those who inherit a correct hypothesis set and did their own search, as well as those who inherited an incorrect hypothesis set and were provided a balanced evidence set. The former performance difference arose because auditors who conducted their own search were found to do repeated testing of non-errors and truncated their search. This suggests that having a correct hypothesis set does not ensure that a balanced testing strategy is employed, which, in turn, diminishes part of the presumed benefits of a correct hypothesis set. The latter performance difference was attributable to auditors' failure to generate new hypotheses when they received evidence about a hypothesis that was not in the current hypothesis set. This demonstrates that balanced evidence does not fully compensate for having an initial incorrect hypothesis set. These findings suggest the need for firm training and/or decision aids to facilitate both a balanced information search and an iterative hypothesis generation process. [source] The Future of Search: A Different PerspectiveDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2009Stephen P. Anderson Vice President The mission at Viewzi is to dramatically improve the search experience. But, as Stephen Anderson explains, that doesn't mean developing a better search engine; rather, it means developing a better way to view search results. The results are a series of custom-tailored scenes whose look and feel change depending on the intent of the search. It's an impressive innovation that promises to reshape the Internet landscape. [source] Search for cerebral G cluster neurons responding to taste stimulation with seaweed in Aplysia kurodai by the use of calcium imagingDEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Ryusuke Yoshida Abstract The calcium imaging method can detect the spike activities of many neurons simultaneously. In the present experiments, this method was used to search for unique neurons contributing to feeding behavior in the cerebral ganglia of Aplysia kurodai. We mainly explored the neurons whose cell bodies were located in the G cluster and the neuropile region posterior to this cluster on the ventral surface of the cerebral ganglia. When the extract of the food seaweed Ulva was applied to the tentacle-lip region, many neurons stained with a calcium-sensitive dye, Calcium Green-1, showed changes in fluorescence. Some neurons showed rhythmic responses and others showed transient responses, suggesting that these neurons may be partly involved in the feeding circuits. We also identified three motor neurons among these neurons that showed rhythmic fluorescence responses to the taste stimulation. One of them was a motor neuron shortening the anterior tentacle (ATS), and the other two were motor neurons producing lip opening-like (LOG) and closing-like (LCG) movements, respectively. Application of the Ulva extract to the tentacle-lip region induced phase-locked rhythmic firing activity in these motor neurons, suggesting that these neurons may contribute to the rhythmic patterned movements of the anterior tentacles and lips during the ingestion of seaweed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 55: 299,314, 2003 [source] Current literature in diabetesDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 3 2004Article first published online: 22 APR 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 17 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Prediction; 7 Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Pharmacology; 9 Pathology: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Neurological; d) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Nutrition; 12 Animal Studies; 13 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (5 Weeks journals - Search completed at 25th Feb. 2004) [source] Current literature in diabetesDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 5 2003Article first published online: 27 AUG 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 26 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Prediction; 7 Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Pharmacology; 9 Pathology: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Neurological; d) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Nutrition; 12 Animal Studies; 13 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (9 Weeks journals - Search completed at 8th May 2003) [source] Current literature in diabetesDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 4 2003Article first published online: 11 JUL 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 17 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Prediction; 7 Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Pharmacology; 9 Pathology: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Neurological; d) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Nutrition; 12 Animal Studies; 13 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (9 Weeks journals - Search completed at 8th May 2003) [source] Current literature in diabetesDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 3 2003Article first published online: 30 APR 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 17 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Prediction; 7 Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Pharmacology; 9 Pathology: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Neurological; d) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Nutrition; 12 Animal Studies; 13 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (4 Weeks journals - Search completed at 5th March 2003) [source] Current literature in diabetesDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 2 2003Article first published online: 24 MAR 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 17 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Prediction; 7 Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Pharmacology; 9 Pathology: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Neurological; d) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Nutrition; 12 Animal Studies; 13 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (9 Weeks journals - Search completed at 5th February 2003) [source] Different Approaches to a Regional Search for Balance: The Johnson Administration, the State Department, and the Middle East, 1964,1967*DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 1 2008Arlene Lazarowitz First page of article [source] Apples, Pears and Porridge: The Origins and Impact of the Search for ,Coherence' between Humanitarian and Political Responses to Chronic Political EmergenciesDISASTERS, Issue 4 2001Joanna Macrae During the 1990s a consensus emerged within the international humanitarian system that there was a need to enhance the ,coherence' between humanitarian and political responses to complex political emergencies. Closer integration between aid and political responses was seen to be necessary in order to address the root causes of conflict-induced crises, and to ensure that aid did not exacerbate political tensions. This paper explores the theory and practice of coherence over the past decade. It argues that, by sleight of hand, the coherence agenda has been reinterpreted such that humanitarian action has become the primary form of political action, rather than merely a substitute for it. The coherence agenda has been driven by geopolitical events, domestic policy considerations in donor countries and the more parochial concerns of aid policy, and is reflected in a number of substantive changes in the humanitarian architecture. Many of the tenets of this ,new humanitarianism' have been embraced by the majority of relief agencies, and thus legitimised it. The paper concludes that political humanitarianism, as opposed to active engagement by political and military actors, is flawed ethically and technically. It will provide neither an effective palliative for the ill effects of war, nor address its causes. [source] Noncontractible Heterogeneity in Directed SearchECONOMETRICA, Issue 4 2010Michael Peters This paper provides a directed search model designed to explain the residual part of wage variation left over after the impact of education and other observable worker characteristics have been removed. Workers have private information about their characteristics at the time they apply for jobs. Firms value these characteristics differently and can observe them once workers apply. They hire the worker they most prefer. However, the characteristics are not contractible, so firms cannot condition their wages on them. This paper shows how to extend arguments from directed search to handle this, allowing for arbitrary distributions of worker and firm types. The model is used to provide a functional relationship that ties together the wage distribution and the wage,duration function. This relationship provides a testable implication of the model. This relationship suggests a common property of wage distributions that guarantees that workers who leave unemployment at the highest wages also have the shortest unemployment duration. This is in strict contrast to the usual (and somewhat implausible) directed search story in which high wages are always accompanied by higher probability of unemployment. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||