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Sexual Relations (sexual + relation)
Selected AbstractsHow to do the History of Heterosexuality: Shakespeare and LacanLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2010Will Stockton This essay argues against two presumptions: first, that the psychoanalytic approach to sexuality is ahistorical; and second, that critics cannot speak of heterosexuality before its 19th-century invention. Looking to Lacanian psychoanalysis, and particularly to Lacan's theory of sexuation (or sexual difference), this essay develops a queer history of heterosexuality premised on the idea that ,heterosexuality' is simply the latest way of describing a structural relation between the sexes. Lacan calls this structure ,the sexual relation', and describes it as a fantasy that man and woman are two halves of the same whole. At the same time, he insists that ,the sexual relation does not exist': that neither sex can actually make the other whole. Lacan's own reading of Shakespeare's Hamlet, focused in part on Hamlet's antagonism toward Ophelia following the prince's discovery of his father's ,castration', offers an example of how to queer heterosexuality in pre-19th-century texts. My reading of Measure for Measure offers a second example, one that likewise evokes Freud's mytho-historical account of the murder of the primordial father and the subsequent creation of a disinterested ,law' in the father's name (Lacan's Name of the Father). This essay concludes by suggesting that the fantasy of the sexual relation falters in both plays on the ,obscene' revelation of the law's/the Father's sinfulness. [source] Comparative study of sexuality-related characteristics in young adults with schizophrenia treated with novel neuroleptics and in normal young adultsACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2002P. Fortier This study compared characteristics related to sexual history, sexual activities, sexual functioning and psychological tendencies associated with sexuality in 45 young adults with schizophrenia treated with novel neuroleptics and 61 control young adults. A smaller proportion of young adults with schizophrenia currently had a sexual partner or had ever engaged in sexual relations. They also had sexual relations and sexual desires less often. Whether affected by schizophrenia or not, a smaller proportion of women had ever masturbated. They felt less sexual desire and desired sexual relations less often. Compared to controls, a higher proportion of men with schizophrenia treated with Risperidone or Olanzapine had at least one sexual dysfunction, lacked sexual desire and reported problems with sexual arousal and ejaculation. Women with schizophrenia were more likely to report problems with sexual arousal and galactorrhea. Finally, young adults with schizophrenia develop more negative psychological tendencies associated with sexuality than were normal young adults. Sexual problems are highly prevalent among young adults with schizophrenia. Sexuality should occupy the space it deserves within psychosocial rehabilitation programs and the treatment of schizophrenia. [source] Colonial Constructions of Masculinity: Transforming Aboriginal Australian Men into ,Houseboys'GENDER & HISTORY, Issue 2 2009Julia Martínez In Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia, Aboriginal men made up more than half of the domestic servant population by 1938. They replaced the Chinese and Malay male servants who had worked for British colonists in the early colonial period. Much of the historical work on male domestic servants in colonial situations plots the construction of the ,houseboy' as emasculated, feminised and submissive. In contrast, colonial constructions of Aboriginal men as ,houseboys' in Darwin emphasise the masculinity of the Aboriginal hunter. Aboriginal men were characterised as requiring constant discipline and training, and this paternalistic discourse led to a corresponding denial of manhood or adulthood for Aboriginal men. While male domestic servants in other colonial settings were allowed some privileges of masculinity in relation to female workers, amongst Aboriginal domestic workers, it was so-called ,half-caste' women who, in acknowledgment of their ,white blood', received nominally higher wages and privileges for domestic work. Aboriginal men were denied what was referred to as a ,breadwinning' wage; an Australian wage awarded to white men with families. Despite this, their role as husbands was encouraged by the administration as a method of controlling sexual relations between white men and Aboriginal women. These sometimes contradictory images can be understood as manifestations of the racialised construction of gender in Australia. [source] Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection at an Urban veterans administration medical centerHEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Megan E. Briggs This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in veterans. Anti-HCV testing was performed in 1,032 patients and a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors was administered. Adjusted prevalence of unique HCV-positive patients using outpatient services was 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.2%, 18.2%). The following risk factors were associated with HCV infection: a history of injection drug use (IDU), receipt of blood transfusion prior to 1992, history of tattoo (odds ratio [OR], 2.93; 95% CI, 1.70-5.08), combat job as a medical worker (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.25-5.60), history of incarceration over 48 hours (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.52-4.32), greater than 15 lifetime sexual partners (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.94-2.76) and sexual relations with a prostitute (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.82). We concluded that HCV is common in veterans. Risk factors independently associated with infection are IDU, prior transfusion, prior tattoo, combat medical work, incarceration, and multiple opposite sex partners. Infection with HCV among veterans is strongly associated with traditional risk factors for infection and less strongly associated with combat-related risk. [source] Rape and Rape Avoidance in Ethno-National Conflicts: Sexual Violence in Liminalized StatesAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 1 2000Robert M. Hayden Mass rape is a common but not universal occurrence in ethnic or nationalist conflicts. Using South Asian and Bosnian data, in this article I argue that mass rape is likely when such conflicts take place during the partition of a territory and its population, when the state itself is liminal, both its territory and control over it uncertain. In conflicts in which the state is not itself threatened, and thus groups feel that they will continue to coexist, there is some evidence that rape is avoided, even when murder is accepted. However, such instances of rape avoidance are largely unstudied, in large part because of the focus on the violence of mass rape. Further, this focus on violence tends toward classifying all sexual relations between groups whose members have participated in mass rape as improper, thus depriving women who may not wish to rejoin their natal groups of agency, [rape, genocide, violence, India, Yugoslavia/Bosnia] [source] Sexuality and Alzheimer's Disease: Can the Two Go Together?NURSING FORUM, Issue 4 2006Nili Tabak RN The issue of sexual relations in nursing homes between patients with Alzheimer-related dementia is in ward practice largely characterized by confusion and ignorance. Staff are seriously conflicted on how to respond and almost totally untrained on the subject. Patients are being mistreated and humiliated. Central to this state of affairs is insufficient awareness of the ethical and human rights elements in nursing care. Two case studies illustrate the practical dilemmas nurses must solve. A decision-making process is set out to reach an ethical and practical conclusion. Recommendations for action by nurses, the nursing profession, nursing home owners, and policy-makers are given. [source] Fertility transition in Ghana: looking back and looking forwardPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 6 2006Samuel Agyei-Mensah Abstract It is widely accepted that while the fertility transition is underway in sub-Saharan Africa, the pattern of change differs widely in both time and space. This paper examines the case of Ghana, regarded as the vanguard in the West African fertility transition. Based largely on analyses of Demographic and Health Survey data as well as localised studies, significant patterns emerge. One puzzling finding is that the increase in modern contraception usage has not kept pace with the declines in fertility. The paper suggests that this mismatch can be explained either by an increase in induced abortions, reduced exposure to sexual relations (perhaps due to HIV), or misreporting of contraceptive use. The paper also highlights the considerable geographical diversity in the ongoing fertility transition. The Northern region is still in the pre-transition stage, with little decline in fertility to date. In contrast, the pace of decline has been very rapid in the Greater Accra region. The factors underlying these patterns and the future trajectory of the fertility transition are discussed. It is argued that the fertility transition may be more leisurely in the near future than in the recent past. Among the factors working against future fertility decline are the stability in the infant mortality rate, the stall in fertility desires, and the low patronage of modern contraceptives especially in rural areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The analysis of the homoerotic and the pursuit of meaningTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Barry Miller Abstract:, This paper explores the dynamic tension between an evolving collective phenomenon and the nature of analytic process. Specifically, the focus will be erotic experiences which acquire a meaning through the culture at large, a meaning that may not be supportable when that material is subjected to psychological analysis. This stimulates a conflict between the symbolic attitude and the cultural perspective of the time. While the struggle between the individual and collective consciousness always emerges in analysis, the subject of same-gender sexual relations has become such a controversial and divisive issue in the current political environment that views toward homosexuality demand powerful allegiances and identification with either historic or contemporary ideas. People now identify as ,gay' and tend to see themselves as something akin to a race or perhaps alternative gender. Sexuality and relationship between same gendered people tends to be viewed through the lens of civil rights and the undeniable need for social equality. In this far-reaching and expanding collective phenomenon, psychology, in its support of human rights and accommodation to emerging trends, may be diminished in its capacity to pursue the meaning inherent in these human experiences. The position developed in this paper is that psychological experience, whether in the imaginal realm, dreams or personal consciousness, must be available for full analysis. Clinical experience and dreams are used to amplify this challenge to dynamic analytic practice. [source] INCORPORATING INCEST: GAMETE, BODY AND RELATION IN ASSISTED CONCEPTION,THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2004Jeanette Edwards This article is about the ways in which residents of an English town explore ever-changing possibilities presented by new reproductive technologies (NRTs). It focuses on the way in which the idiom of incest emerges as a conceptual brake to certain possibilities presented by biotechnological intervention in conception. In this specific ethnographic example, we see that the meaning of incest is neither fixed nor predictable and goes beyond ideas about either biogenetic connection or appropriate and inappropriate sexual relations, even while embracing them. I argue that we need to pay attention to the bodies in which procreative substances that ought not to be mixed are combined and grown into new persons. The article also shows that exploration of NRTs continues to be animated by problematics of kinship. [source] Tadalafil and vardenafil vs sildenafil: a review of patient-preference studiesBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2009Vincenzo Mirone The immediate objective of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor treatment is to restore the ability of a man to achieve and/or maintain an erection adequate for sexual intercourse. As erectile dysfunction (ED) generally develops in the second half of life, the ultimate objective generally is not procreation, but quality of sexual life. Indeed, ED is known to impair quality of life considerably; two-thirds of men report that ED has impaired their self-esteem and nearly a third claim that it has damaged the relationship with their partner. It follows that the therapeutic success of PDE5 inhibition has an important subjective component, which is compounded by the subjective nature and complexity of sexual life in humans. This makes it very difficult for physicians to be certain that they have selected the optimal therapy for a couple, even after a thorough evaluation. The 2007 European Association of Urology Guidelines stress the importance of educating the patient and claim that ,the patient will choose the final drug after his own experience'. However, PDE5 inhibitors are typically used twice a week, so a patient would have to spend ,3 months trying the various compounds and dosages to achieve adequate exposure to all three PDE5 inhibitors; this would seem an unrealistic strategy in normal clinical practice. The acknowledgement that the patient has an important role in therapeutic decisions for ED has fuelled interest in the concept of patient preference. It has been established that patient preference depends on three factors, i.e. personal characteristics, e.g. age, duration of ED, frequency and dynamics of sexual relations, and the characteristics of their partners, e.g. age, menopausal status and level of interest in sexual activity and medication profile. Medication features of interest include efficacy in terms of quality of erection, consistency of effects, rapid onset of action, long duration of action, side-effect profile and route of administration; drug costs must also be considered if the medicinal product is not reimbursed. [source] Child sexual abuse and HIV transmission in sub-Saharan AfricaCHILD ABUSE REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Kevin Lalor Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the risks of HIV transmission to children through sexual abuse and exploitation in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper is based on a review of pertinent literature. Child sexual abuse in this region must be defined broadly enough to encompass widespread coercion or violence in early sexual relations in some regions, the practice of ,transactional sex' and constructions of masculinity, emphasising multiple sexual partners and power over women and girls. The high HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is briefly described. Research evidence showing the link between child sexual abuse and HIV transmission is reviewed, although this is a topic where very little direct empirical work has been conducted. Particular methodological and ethical difficulties have been encountered by researchers. Future research directions are indicated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||