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Seminal Paper (seminal + paper)
Selected AbstractsTime Deductibles as Screening Devices: Competitive MarketsJOURNAL OF RISK AND INSURANCE, Issue 2 2009Jaap Spreeuw Seminal papers on asymmetric information in competitive insurance markets, analyzing the monetary deductible as a screening device, show that any existing equilibrium is of a separating type. High risks buy complete insurance, whereas low risks buy partial insurance,and this result holds for the Nash behavior as well as for the Wilson foresight. In this article, we analyze the strength of screening based on limitations to the period of coverage of the contract. We show that in this case (1) the Nash equilibrium may entail low risks not purchasing any insurance at all, and (2) under the Wilson foresight, a pooling equilibrium may exist. [source] Volvulus of the sigmoid colonCOLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 7Online 2010V. Raveenthiran Abstract Aims, The current status of sigmoid volvulus (SV) was reviewed to assess trends in management and to assess the literature. Method, The literature on SV was retrieved using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Pakmedinet, African Journals online (AJOL), Indmed and Google scholar. These databases were searched for text words including ,sigmoid', ,colon' and ,volvulus'. Relevant nonindexed surgical journals published from endemic countries were also manually searched. We focused on original articles published within the last 10 years; but classical references prior to this period were also included. Seminal papers published in non-English languages were also included. Results, Sigmoid volvulus is a leading cause of acute colonic obstruction in South America, Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia. It is rare in developed countries such as USA, UK, Japan and Australia. Characteristic geographic variations in the incidence, clinical features, prognosis and comorbidity of SV justify recognition of endemic and sporadic subtypes. Controversy on aetiologic agents can be minimized by classifying them into ,predisposing' and ,precipitating' factors. Modern imaging systems, although more effective than plain radiographs, are yet to gain popularity. Emergency endoscopic reduction is the treatment of choice in uncomplicated patients. But it is only a temporizing procedure, and it should be followed in most cases by elective definitive surgery. Resection of the redundant sigmoid colon is the gold standard operation. The role of newer nonresective alternatives is yet to be ascertained. Although emergency resection with primary anastomosis (ERPA) has been controversial in the past, it is now increasingly accepted as a safe option with superior results. Management in elderly debilitated patients is extremely difficult. Paediatric SV significantly differs from that in adults. SV is frequently associated with neuropsychiatric diseases, diabetes mellitus and Chagas disease. The overall mortality in recent studies is < 5%. Conclusion, There are almost no randomised controlled studies. According to the grading system of Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine (CEVM), available published evidence is at level 4. The recommendations resulting form this review are of ,C' grade. [source] Financial volatility: an introductionJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 5 2002Philip Hans Franses It is now 20 years since the publication of Engle's (1982) seminal paper, which introduced ARCH to the world. The ARCH paper had an enormous influence on both theoretical and applied econometrics, and was influential in the establishment of the discipline of Financial Econometrics. In this paper we provide an introduction to the special issue on modelling and forecasting financial volatility, which commemorates the Twentieth Anniversary of the publication of ARCH. Financial econometrics has become a mature discipline over the last two decades, and one of its major research objects is the modelling and forecasting of volatility. This special issue presents ten papers, all of which focus on volatility and risk. The papers examine issues such as the new frontiers of volatility, the selection of models for observed and unobserved volatility, the potential long-memory property of volatility, and the measurement of volatility. The commonality of papers is that they do not examine the extant literature, which has been reviewed elsewhere, but rather outline a number of important issues that are not only of current interest, but are likely to remain so for many years to come. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Range Unit-Root (RUR) Tests: Robust against Nonlinearities, Error Distributions, Structural Breaks and OutliersJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2006Felipe Aparicio Abstract., Since the seminal paper by Dickey and Fuller in 1979, unit-root tests have conditioned the standard approaches to analysing time series with strong serial dependence in mean behaviour, the focus being placed on the detection of eventual unit roots in an autoregressive model fitted to the series. In this paper, we propose a completely different method to test for the type of long-wave patterns observed not only in unit-root time series but also in series following more complex data-generating mechanisms. To this end, our testing device analyses the unit-root persistence exhibited by the data while imposing very few constraints on the generating mechanism. We call our device the range unit-root (RUR) test since it is constructed from the running ranges of the series from which we derive its limit distribution. These nonparametric statistics endow the test with a number of desirable properties, the invariance to monotonic transformations of the series and the robustness to the presence of important parameter shifts. Moreover, the RUR test outperforms the power of standard unit-root tests on near-unit-root stationary time series; it is invariant with respect to the innovations distribution and asymptotically immune to noise. An extension of the RUR test, called the forward,backward range unit-root (FB-RUR) improves the check in the presence of additive outliers. Finally, we illustrate the performances of both range tests and their discrepancies with the Dickey,Fuller unit-root test on exchange rate series. [source] Hassler and Dieckmann's seminal paper on stereotactic thalamotomy for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Translation and critical reappraisal,MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 14 2008FRCPsych, Hugh Rickards MD Abstract Papers concerning the use of deep brain stimulation to the thalamus for relief of symptoms of Tourette syndrome have frequently cited a paper by Hassler and Dieckmann, published in 1970. We present a translation of this paper and discussion in English. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source] How to be a Value-Free Advocate of Laissez FaireAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Ludwig von Mises's Solution Ludwig von Mises is often regarded as a "champion" of laissez faire. This characterization seems to contradict Mises's clear statement that economics is value free. The aim of this paper is to resolve this apparent contradiction. We accomplish this by distinguishing, as Mises did, between the advocacy of specific laissez-faire policies and the advocacy of a laissez-faire ideology vis-à-vis the alternative ideologies of socialism and interventionism. Mises argued that the logic of a value-free economics could be used to show that socialist and interventionist policies would not achieve a goal that the socialists and interventionists implicitly or explicitly aim to achieve, that of progress in terms of material wealth for the members of society. Thus, Mises resolved the contradiction by shifting the debate from the welfare analysis of particular policies to a logical analysis of the ends of a particular ideology and the means available to achieve those ends. In a seminal paper in neo-Austrian economics, Murray Rothbard criticized Mises. We analyze Rothbard's argument partly as a means of elucidating Mises's views and argue that Rothbard misinterpreted Mises and quoted him out of context. Rothbard failed to adequately support his claim that Mises held the beliefs that Rothbard attributed to him. Moreover, Rothbard's paper undermined the value freedom that Mises regarded as a crucial characteristic of economics. [source] A new look at the derivation of the Schrödinger equation from Newtonian mechanicsANNALEN DER PHYSIK, Issue 6 2003L. Fritsche Abstract We present a modified version of Nelson's seminal paper on the derivation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation which draws on the equation of motion of a particle that moves under the influence of a classical force field and additional stochastic forces. The emphasis of our elaboration is focused on the implication of allowing stochastic forces to occur, viz. that the energy E of the particle is no longer conserved on its trajectory in a conservative force field. We correlate this departure , E from its classical energy with the energy/time uncertainty relation where , t is the average time for , E to persist. The stability of atoms, the zero-point energy of oscillators, the tunneling effect and the diffraction at slits are shown to be directly connected with the occurrence of such energy fluctuations. We discuss and rederive Nelson's theory entirely from this point of view and generalize his approach to systems of N particles which interact via pair forces. Achieving reversibility in a description of particle motion that is akin to Brownian motion, represents a salient point of the derivation. We demonstrate that certain objections raised against Nelson's theory are without substance. We also try to put the particular worldview of this version of stochastic quantum mechanics into perspective with regard to the established Copenhagen interpretation. [source] Determining the impact of health library services on patient care: a review of the literatureHEALTH INFORMATION & LIBRARIES JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002Patrick O'Connor The impact of health library information has been studied in a number of settings and populations. This review examines both the methods employed and the outcomes reported in a series of impact studies conducted in four countries since the late 1980's. It demonstrates that health library information can affect patient care outcomes in various ways and has high cognitive and clinical value in diagnosing and treating patients. But there remains no agreed technique or methodology for determining the level of this impact. In many cases evaluation of the health library's impact will be located within a central process of evaluation of the greater organization to which the library belongs. Consequently, local ad hoc evaluation is rarely reported outside an organization. The author considers the question of whether it is worthwhile doing an impact study and what form it might take. The author concludes by identifying seminal papers on the topic. [source] Optimum Currency Areas and Key Currencies: Mundell I versus Mundell IIJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 4 2004Ronald I. McKinnon The East Asian economies are increasingly integrated in trade and direct investment. More than 50 per cent of their foreign trade is with each other. Both the high growth and level of trade integration is similar to what the western European economies achieved in the 1960s. So, in the new millennium, the inevitable question arises: is East Asia also an optimum currency area (OCA)? Despite the apparent success of EMU, many writers familiar with the East Asian scene think not. Taking the seminal papers of Robert Mundell as the starting point, this article first analyses traditional theorizing on the pros and cons of international monetary integration and then suggests new approaches to the problem of international risk-sharing in OCAs. [source] | ||||||||||||||||