			Home About us Contact

Semi-deciduous Forest (semi-deciduou + forest)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Availability and selection of arboreal termitaria as nest-sites by Orange-fronted Parakeets Aratinga canicularis in conserved and modified landscapes in Mexico

IBIS, Issue 2 2009
TANIA C. SANCHEZ-MARTINEZ
Few studies have investigated the use of termitaria by nesting parrots, or how this may be affected by habitat transformation. We determined selection of termitaria by nesting Orange-fronted Parakeets Aratinga canicularis, and evaluated the effect of habitat transformation on the availability of termitaria nest-sites for Parakeets in the tropical dry forest of Western Mexico. Availability of termitaria was quantified in 24 survey plots in a factorial design of six 1-ha plots in each of conserved and modified, deciduous and semi-deciduous forest. Characteristics of termitaria were determined in survey plots, as well as 21 nest-termitaria used by Parakeets, and their nearest adjacent termitarium. There was an overall density of 1.6 termitaria/ha suitable for nesting by Parakeets, which did not differ between habitats, although only 8% of apparently suitable termitaria were occupied by nesting Parakeets. However, termitaria in conserved semi-deciduous forest were significantly higher above the ground, and termitaria in conserved deciduous forest were significantly smaller in volume. In the modified landscape, termitaria were significantly lower and their volume significantly larger than in conserved landscapes. Termitaria used by nesting parrots were at a significantly greater height above the ground than the nearest adjacent termitaria. Termitarium volume did not reliably predict the likelihood of nest-site selection, although Parakeets only used termitaria between 15 and 150 l. Parakeets nesting in modified habitats used termitaria at a significantly lower height than Parakeets nesting in conserved habitat. It is unclear whether this represents a decline in nest-site quality in modified habitats, which could affect reproductive success of Parakeet populations in fragmented landscapes. [source]

Nesting Habitat of the Lilac-crowned Parrot in a Modified Landscape in Mexico

BIOTROPICA, Issue 3 2009
Tiberio C. Monterrubio-Rico
ABSTRACT Parrot populations are being increasingly pressured to occupy modified or fragmented landscapes, yet little is known of the habitat requirements of most species, particularly with regard to the effects on breeding habitat. We evaluated nesting habitat of the lilac-crowned parrot Amazona finschi in the modified landscape of coastal Michoacan in Mexico. We located 90 parrot nests in 12 tree species in Michoacan, with lilac-crowned parrots presenting a narrow niche-breadth of tree species used for nesting. Considering an additional 82 nest trees recorded for lilac-crowned parrots in Jalisco, we determined a 51 percent similarity in cavity resource use by parrots in the two dry forest regions. Overall, the predominant nest tree species with 76 percent of nests were Astronium graveolens, Piranhea mexicana, Brosimum alicastrum, and Tabebuia spp., all characteristic of semi-deciduous forest. Only 8 percent of nests occurred in trees characteristic of deciduous forest. Parrots utilized large trees with canopy level cavities as nest sites, and preferred conserved semi-deciduous forest for nesting, with fewer nests than expected in deciduous forest and transformed agricultural land. Nest areas in semi-deciduous forest occurred on significantly steeper terrain, as remnant semi-deciduous forest is restricted to steep ridges and canyons. Those parrot nests in modified habitats and forest patches were located near to continuous forest, with nest trees in open agricultural land being significantly closer to continuous forest than nests in disturbed forest patches. These results demonstrate the importance of conserved semi-deciduous forest as breeding habitat for the threatened, endemic lilac-crowned parrot, making wild populations of the species vulnerable to the high rate of transformation and fragmentation of tropical dry forest. RESUMEN Las poblaciones de Psitácidos están siendo presionadas a ocupar paisajes modificados, sin embargo poco se conoce sobre los requerimientos de hábitat para la mayoría de las especies, particularmente con respecto a los efectos sobre sus hábitats de anidación. Evaluamos el hábitat de anidación del loro corona lila (Amazona finschi) en el paisaje modificado de la costa de Michoacán en México. Localizamos 90 sitios de anidación en 12 especies de árboles en Michoacan, encontrando que el loro corona lila presentó una estrecha amplitud de nicho en el uso de especies de árboles para anidar. Considerando un adicional 82 árboles-nido del loro corona lila en Jalisco, determinamos un 51% de similitud en utilización del recurso de cavidades por los loros en los dos regiones de bosque seco. Los árboles claves, con 76% de los nidos, fueron Astronium graveolens, Piranhea mexicana, Brosimum alicastrum, y Tabebuia spp., todos característicos del bosque subcaducifolio. Solo 8% de los nidos se encontraron en arboles características del bosque caducifolio. Los loros utilizaron árboles grandes con cavidades en el dosel como sitios de anidación, y prefirieron el bosque subcaducifolio conservado para anidar, con un menor número de nidos que lo esperado en el bosque caducifolio y tierras agropecuarias. Las áreas de anidación en bosque subcaducifolio ocurrieron sobre pendientes significativamente más inclinadas, ya que los remanentes de este tipo de vegetación están actualmente restringidos a pendientes inclinadas y cañadas. Aquellos nidos en hábitats modificados y parches pequeños de vegetación se localizaron cerca de áreas de bosque continuo, con los árboles-nido que ocurrieron en terrenos agropecuarios significativamente más cerca de los bosques continuos, que los que ocurrieron en fragmentos de bosques perturbados. Estos resultados destacan la importancia del bosque subcaducifolio conservado como hábitat de anidación para esta especie de loro endémico y amenazado, haciendo a sus poblaciones silvestres vulnerables al alto nivel de transformación y fragmentación del bosque tropical seco. [source]

Modification of Vegetative Phenology in a Tropical Semi-deciduous Forest by Abnormal Drought and Rain,

BIOTROPICA, Issue 1 2002
R. Borchert
ABSTRACT The control of vegetative phenology in tropical trees is not well understood. In dry forest trees, leaf abscission may be enhanced by advanced leaf age, increasing water stress, or declining photoperiod. Normally, it is impossible to dissect the effects of each of these variables because most leaves are shed during the early dry season when day length is near its minimum and leaves are relatively old. The 1997 El-Niño Southern Oscillation caused a ten-week long, severe abnormal drought from June to August in the semi-deciduous forests of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We monitored the effect of this drought on phenology and water status of trees with young leaves and compared modifications of phenology in trees of different functional types with the pattern observed during the regular dry season. Although deciduous trees at dry sites were severely water stressed (,stem < -7MPa) and their mesic leaves remained wilted for more than two months, these and all other trees retained all leaves during the abnormal drought. Many trees exchanged leaves three to four months earlier than normal during the wet period after the abnormal drought and shed leaves again during the regular dry season. Irrigation and an exceptional 70 mm rainfall during the mid-dry season 1998/1999 caused bud break and flushing in all leafless trees except dormant stem succulents. The complex interactions between leaf age and water stress, the principal determinants of leaf abscission, were found to vary widely among trees of different functional types. [source]