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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Prevalence of overweight in the Seychelles: 15 year trends and association with socio-economic status

OBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 6 2008
P. Bovet
Summary We assessed the 15-year trends in the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean, African Region) and the relationship with socio-economic status (SES). Three population-based examination surveys were conducted in 1989, 1994 and 2004. Occupation was categorized as ,labourer', ,intermediate' or ,professional'. Education was also assessed in 1994 and 2004. Between 1989 and 2004, mean BMI increased markedly in all sex and age categories (overall: 0.16 kg m,2 per calendar year, which corresponds to 0.46 kg per calendar year). The prevalence of overweight (including obesity, BMI , 25 kg m,2) increased from 29% to 52% in men and from 50% to 67% in women. The prevalence of obesity (BMI , 30 kg m,2) increased from 4% to 15% in men and from 23% to 34% in women. Overweight was associated inversely with occupation in women and directly in men in all surveys. In multivariate analysis, overweight was associated similarly (direction and magnitude) to occupation and education. In conclusion, the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity over time in all age, sex and SES categories suggests large-scale changes in societal obesogenic factors. The sex-specific association of SES with overweight suggests that prevention measures should be tailored accordingly. [source]

Ergonomic and socioeconomic risk factors for hospital workers' compensation injury claims

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009
Jon Boyer ScD
Abstract Background Hospital workers are a diverse population with high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The risk of MSD leading to workers' compensation (WC) claims is likely to show a gradient by socioeconomic status (SES) that may be partly explained by working conditions. Methods A single community hospital provided workforce demographics and WC claim records for 2003,2005. An ergonomic job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed for these healthcare jobs from direct observation of physical workload and extraction of physical and psychosocial job requirements from the O*NET online database. Occupational exposures and SES categories were assigned to workers through their O*NET job titles. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the propensity to file an injury claim in relation to individual factors, occupational exposures, and SES. Results The jobs with the highest injury rates were nurses, semi-professionals, and semi-skilled. Increased physical work and psychological demands along with low job tenure were associated with an increase in risk, while risk decreased with psychosocial rewards and supervisor support. Both occupational and individual factors mediated the relationship between SES and rate of injury claims. Conclusions Physical and organizational features of these hospital jobs along with low job tenure predicted WC injury claim risk and explained a substantial proportion of the effects of SES. Further studies that include lifestyle risk factors and control for prior injuries and co-morbidities are warranted to strengthen the current study findings. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:551,562, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Increase in basal cell carcinoma incidence steepest in individuals with high socioeconomic status: results of a cancer registry study in the Netherlands

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
S. Van Hattem
Summary Background, Development of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) is associated with acute and intermittent sun exposure. In contrast to MM, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and BCC is not well documented. Objectives, To investigate the incidence of BCC according to SES, stratifying by age and tumour localization in a large population-based cohort. To assess changes over time in the distribution of the patients with BCC across the SES categories. Methods, All patients with a histologically confirmed first primary BCC (n = 27,027) diagnosed between 1988 and 2005 in the Southeast of the Netherlands were stratified by sex, age (25,44, 45,64 and , 65 years), period of diagnosis, SES category (based on income and value of housing) and localization of the BCC. Age-standardized BCC incidence rates were calculated for the year 2004 by SES category and localization. Ordinal regression was used to assess changes over time in the proportion of patients with BCC by sex, age and SES. Results For men in all age groups higher BCC incidence in the highest SES category was observed, which remained significant after stratification for tumour localization. For women a consistent relationship was found only in younger women (< 65 years) for truncal BCCs, which occurred more frequently in high SES groups. Between 1990 and 2004, the proportion of BCC patients with high SES increased (+6%) and the proportion with low SES decreased (,7%). Conclusions, High SES is associated with increased incidence of BCC among men. Our data suggest that BCC is changing from a disease of the poor to a disease of the rich. [source]