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Science And Technology (science + and_technology)
Terms modified by Science And Technology Selected AbstractsFOUR GENEALOGIES FOR A RECOMBINANT ANTHROPOLOGY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2007MICHAEL M. J. FISCHER First page of article [source] FOOD PACKAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 1 2009Shyam S. Sablani Assistant Professor/Scientist No abstract is available for this article. [source] Fault configuration produced by initial arc rifting in the Parece Vela Basin as deduced from seismic reflection dataISLAND ARC, Issue 3 2007Mikiya Yamashita Abstract The Parece Vela Basin (PVB), which is a currently inactive back-arc basin of the Philippine Sea Plate, was formed by separation between the Izu-Ogasawara Arc (IOA) and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). Elucidating the marks of the past back-arc opening and rifting is important for investigation of its crustal structure. To image its fault configurations and crustal deformation, pre-stack depth migration to multichannel seismic reflection was applied and data obtained by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology and Metal Mining Agency of Japan and Japan National Oil Corporation (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation). Salient results for the pre-stack depth-migrated sections are: (i) deep reflectors exist around the eastern margin of KPR and at the western margin of IOA down to 8 km depth; and (ii) normal fault zones distributed at the eastern margin of the KPR (Fault zone A) and the western margin of the IOA (Fault zone B) have a total displacement of greater than 500 m associated with synrift sediments. Additional normal faults (Fault zone C) exist 20 km east of the Fault zone B. They are covered with sediment, which indicates deposition of recent volcanic products in the IOA. According to those results: (i) the fault displacement of more than 500 m with respect to initial rifting was approximately asymmetric at 25 Ma based on PSDM profiles; and (ii) the faults had reactivated after 23 Ma, based on the age of deformed sediments obtained from past ocean drillings. The age of the base sediments corresponds to those of spreading and rotation after rifting in the PVB. Fault zone C is covered with thick and not deformed volcanogenic sediments from the IOA, which suggests that the fault is inactive. [source] Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in persons with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in a large population screening: The Nord-Trøndelag Diabetes Study, NorwayJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2000T. Claudi Abstract. Claudi T, Midthjell K, Holmen J, Fougner K, Krüger Ø, Wiseth R (University of Tromsø/Rønvik Health Center, Bodø; National Institute of Public Health, Community Medicine Research Unit, Verdal; University Hospital of Trondheim; and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway). Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in persons with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in a large population screening: The Nord-Trøndelag Diabetes Study, Norway. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 493,501. Objective. To study cardiovascular status and risk factors in persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and controls in a large population. Design. Case,control study. Setting. Population screening Subjects. The screening of 74 499 individuals (88.1%), aged 20 years and older, in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway, during 1984,86 detected 428 persons with undiagnosed diabetes according to the 1980 WHO criteria, of whom 205 attended a clinical follow-up examination assessing cardiovascular status and risk factors. Methods. For each of 205 cases, one control person matched by age and sex underwent the same clinical examination. Lipids, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood pressure medication, kidney function, cardiovascular disease, family history and lifestyle were recorded. Results. At the screening prior to the diagnosis of diabetes, those with diabetes reported poorer general health, less physical activity, more siblings with diabetes and more frequent use of antihypertensive medication. They had higher body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate compared with controls. At the clinical evaluation, diabetics had higher urine albumin levels, increased waist/hip ratio, and higher total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios than the controls. They also reported a greater incidence of angina pectoris and had more ECG changes. Conclusions. Diabetics presented with more cardiovascular risk factors, angina pectoris and ECG changes than the controls, and they had an established metabolic syndrome more often than controls. These results suggest that prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetics requires earlier diagnosis of the diabetes. [source] Real world contexts in PISA science: Implications for context-based science educationJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 8 2009Peter J. Fensham Abstract The PISA assessment instruments for students' scientific literacy in 2000, 2003, and 2006 have each consisted of units made up of a real world context involving Science and Technology, about which students are asked a number of cognitive and affective questions. This article discusses a number of issues from this use of S&T contexts in PISA and the implications they have for the current renewed interest in context-based science education. Suitably chosen contexts can engage both boys and girls. Secondary analyses of the students' responses using the contextual sets of items as the unit of analysis provides new information about the levels of performance in PISA 2006 Science. Embedding affective items in the achievement test did not lead to gender/context interactions of significance, and context interactions were less than competency ones. A number of implications for context-based science teaching and learning are outlined and the PISA 2006 Science test is suggested as a model for its assessment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 884,896, 2009 [source] 2004 ACS Award in Separation Science and Technology to William H. PirkleJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 5-6 2004Hartmut Frank [source] Performance of the atomic and molecular physics beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 6 2006Sisheng Wang At the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, The University of Science and Technology of China, an atomic and molecular physics beamline with an energy range of 7.5,124,eV has been constructed for studying the spectroscopy and dynamics of atoms, molecules and clusters. The undulator-based beamline, with a high-resolution spherical-grating monochromator (SGM), is connected to the atomic and molecular physics end-station. This end-station includes a main experimental chamber for photoionization studies and an additional multi-stage photoionization chamber for photoabsorption spectroscopy. A mid-photon flux of 5 × 1012,photons,s,1 and a high resolving power is provided by this SGM beamline in the energy range 7.5,124,eV. The size of the synchrotron radiation beam spot at the sample is about 0.5,mm in the vertical direction and 1.0,mm in the horizontal direction. Some experimental results of photoionization efficiency spectroscopy and photoabsorption spectroscopy of atoms and molecules are also reported. [source] Advances in Sintering Science and TechnologyJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2009Rajendra Bordia No abstract is available for this article. [source] Inorganic Crystalline and Amorphous Fibers , Science and TechnologyJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 1 2006Hong Li No abstract is available for this article. [source] Urquhart's and Garfield's Laws: The British controversy over their validityJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2001Stephen J. Bensman The British controversy over the validity of Urquhart's and Garfield's Laws during the 1970s constitutes an important episode in the formulation of the probability structure of human knowledge. This controversy took place within the historical context of the convergence of two scientific revolutions,the bibliometric and the biometric,that had been launched in Britain. The preceding decades had witnessed major breakthroughs in understanding the probability distributions underlying the use of human knowledge. Two of the most important of these breakthroughs were the laws posited by Donald J. Urquhart and Eugene Garfield, who played major roles in establishing the institutional bases of the bibliometric revolution. For his part, Urquhart began his realization of S. C. Bradford's concept of a national science library by analyzing the borrowing of journals on interlibrary loan from the Science Museum Library in 1956. He found that 10% of the journals accounted for 80% of the loans and formulated Urquhart's Law, by which the interlibrary use of a journal is a measure of its total use. This law underlay the operations of the National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLLST), which Urquhart founded. The NLLST became the British Library Lending Division (BLLD) and ultimately the British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC). In contrast, Garfield did a study of 1969 journal citations as part of the process of creating the Science Citation Index (SCI), formulating his Law of Concentration, by which the bulk of the information needs in science can be satisfied by a relatively small, multidisciplinary core of journals. This law became the operational principle of the Institute for Scientific Information created by Garfield. A study at the BLLD under Urquhart's successor, Maurice B. Line, found low correlations of NLLST use with SCI citations, and publication of this study started a major controversy, during which both laws were called into question. The study was based on the faulty use of the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient, and the controversy over it was instrumental in causing B. C. Brookes to investigate bibliometric laws as probabilistic phenomena and begin to link the bibliometric with the biometric revolution. This paper concludes with a resolution of the controversy by means of a statistical technique that incorporates Brookes' criticism of the Spearman rank-correlation method and demonstrates the mutual supportiveness of the two laws. [source] 60 GHz SoC/SoP radio system for high data-rate transmissionMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 3 2010K. C. Eun Abstract We present the 60 GHz CMOS and system-on-package (SoP) research activities in Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology for high data-rate and short-range wireless communication. A low-power single-chip resonant frequency CMOS receiver for 60 GHz mobile terminals consists of four-stage current reuse LNA, resistive mixer, Ka-band low-phase noise VCO, high-suppression frequency doubler, and two-stage current reuse drive amplifiers. The receiver conversion gain and input P1dB are ,9.5 dB and ,12.5 dBm, respectively, with a size of 2.67 × 0.75 mm2 and power consumption of 21.9 mW. The integration and communication tests of a transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) radio have been demonstrated at a data rate of 3 Gbps for short-range transmission and with a communication distance of over 3.5 m at 650 Mbps data rate. The design and fabrication of mmW subcircuits, such as low-loss transmission lines and transitions with noble air cavity structures, a high-Q resonator using zigzagged dual-row via posts and a ,/4 short stub, and the monolithic integration of band-pass filter and antennas, have been performed for low-temperature cofired ceramic SoP integration with a size of 37 × 11 mm2 for the whole Tx or Rx radio. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 667,673, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25024 [source] Reinventing the science museum: the Museum of Science and Industry in ManchesterMUSEUM INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2000J. Patrick Greene Constant adaptation and renewal are the hallmarks of Manchester's Museum of Science and Industry, as explained by its director, Patrick Greene. He is chairman of the European Museum Forum (organizers of the European Museum of the Year Awards) and president of the Museums Association. He was, until recently, president of ICOM's International Committee of Museums of Science and Technology (CIMUSET). His doctorate is in archaeology, based on research into medieval Norton Priory in Cheshire, the excavation of which he directed from 1971 to 1982. [source] Brian Scarlett , Myth, Motivator, Mentor, and ManPARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION, Issue 1 2007Reg Davies Few think of Particle Science and Engineering without thinking of Brian Scarlett. His career spanned over 40 years. From his early days in Nottingham to his final days in Florida, Particle Science and Engineering were not only his passion but his life. He was a complex man. Not all found him easy. However, he left an abiding legacy in the many students that he loved and mentored. He believed in providing opportunity for his students in travel, and sometimes accomplished this while stretching budgets. He motivated many into new arenas of technology, and had just begun to fulfil his technical dreams when cancer claimed him. His final years exposed the man; one who was single-minded, driven, and very brave. He did not complete the work he wanted to finish, but still left an indelible mark on the field of Particle Science and Technology for generations to come. In this paper, the life and accomplishments of this complex man are put into perspective; and, in so doing, we honor him in this special edition of the journal. [source] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Porous Semiconductors , Science and TechnologyPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003Leigh Canham The 3rd International Conference "Porous Semiconductors , Science and Technology" (PSST-2002) took place in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, 10,15 March 2002. The meeting critically analyzed the progress in the field of porous semiconductors during two years that passed since the previous PSST-2000 event, whose proceedings were also published in phys. stat. sol. (a) 182, No. 1 (2000). The empha-sis was kept not only on breakthroughs in understanding the mechanism of growth and physical properties and critical issues in luminescence-related applications, but also new applications of porous semiconductors in natural and life sciences, as well in technology were presented. The conference served to join researchers active in physics and chemistry of semiconductors, optics, electrochemistry, analytical instrumentation, biochemistry and other related fields. The proceedings will be continued in the next issue of phys. stat. sol. (a) 197, No. 2 (2003). [source] Preface: phys. stat. sol. (c) 1/S2PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue S2 2004E. F. da Silva Jr. The papers in this special issue of physica status solidi (c) are selected manuscripts including diverse research lines presently in development in the ambit of the NanoSemiMat network in Brazil. The 3rd Workshop on Semiconductor Nanodevices and Nanostructured Materials (NanoSemiMat-3) took place in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, at the Catussaba Resort Hotel, during the period of 24,27 March 2004. The NanoSemiMat network is part of the Brazilian Initiative on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (N&N), with strategic cooperative research support in this area. The initiative started in 2001, through the formation of four research networks nationwide in different scientific fields associated to NanoScience and Nanotechnology (N&N). The 3rd Workshop on Nanodevices and Nanostructured Materials (NanoSemiMat-3) is an evolution of the two previous meetings which were held in Recife, PE, Brazil and Natal, RN, Brazil in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The meeting comprised 16 invited plenary talks, each 30 minutes long, given by eminent researchers from Brazil, Canada, France, Germany and the United States of America. These invited talks extend through different topics of N&N associated to Nanodevices and Nanostructured Materials: Photodetectors, Lasers and LEDs, Porous Materials, New Materials, and New Technologies, among others. There were short talks presented by representatives of the other N&N networks in Brazil dealing with Molecular Technology and Interfaces, Nanostructured Materials and Nanobiotechnology. Also a poster session, with about 60 presentations, highlighted the main research activities presently being developed by the network members at the different sites which constitute the NanoSemiMat network. The presentations reflected theoretical and experimental research lines which lead to the development of basic and applied research in nanostructured semiconductor materials such as III,V and II,VI, Si and SiC based nanodevices, wide gap materials, ceramics, polymers, porous materials, optical and transport properties of low dimensional structures, magnetic nanostructures and structures under the influence of high fields, spintronics and sensor applications. The participants of the workshop came from 20 research institutions within Brazil and from 7 research laboratories and universities in Europe and North America. In total about 120 researchers, members of the network, invited researchers, representatives of supporting and funding agencies in Brazil, undergraduate and graduate students, technical staff and supporting personal as well as researchers from complementary fields were present. The realization of the NanoSemiMat-3 was possible due to the financial support of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) and the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) and the logistic support of Federal University of Bahia. All activities during the NanoSemiMat-3 were open to the general public with interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this third workshop of the series, we highlight the expansion of its format, with plenary and invited talks, poster sessions, as well as the presence of seven invited speakers from abroad. We expect that the continuation of the NanoSemiMat series will be a forum for discussions of state-of-the-art research developed in Brazil on N&N and the multidisciplinary field of semiconductor nanodevices and nanostructured materials as well as its superposition to other branches of science. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The International Association for Cereal Science and Technology: its history and activitiesQUALITY ASSURANCE & SAFETY OF CROPS & FOOD, Issue 1 2009Stanley P. Cauvain First page of article [source] Visualizing flood forecasting uncertainty: some current European EPS platforms,COST731 working group 3ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS, Issue 2 2010M. Bruen Abstract Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) funding allows European scientists to establish international links, communicate their work to colleagues, and promote international research cooperation. COST731 was established to study the propagation of uncertainty from hydrometeorological observations through meteorological and hydrological models to the final flood forecast. Our focus is on how information about uncertainty is presented to the end user and how it is used. COST731 has assembled a number of demonstrations/case studies that illustrate a variety of practical approaches and these are presented here. While there is yet no consensus on how such information is presented, many end users do find it useful. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society [source] SAD phasing by combination of direct methods with the SOLVE/RESOLVE procedure.ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 11 2004Erratum In the paper by Wang et al. (2004) an error in equation (18) was published. The correct version of this equation is given below. The following acknowledgement was also missing from the paper. This work is supported by the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 973 Project (Grant Nos. G1999075604 and 2002CB713801) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. [source] Buchbesprechung: Organic Coatings , Science and Technology , Third Edition.CHEMIE-INGENIEUR-TECHNIK (CIT), Issue 1-2 2008D. A. Wicks., F. N. Jones, S. P. Pappas, Von Z. W. Wicks Jr. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Understanding Science and Technology of ColorCOLOR RESEARCH & APPLICATION, Issue 1 2004Robert T. Marcus No abstract is available for this article. [source] Science and technology as evolving flow architecturesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Adrian Bejan Abstract This essay traces the evolution of thermodynamics from its origins to ad hoc applications of thermodynamic optimization (entropy generation minimization) and the principle-based generation of flow configuration in nonequilibrium systems (constructal theory). Geophysical and biological flow systems evolve in one direction, toward configurations that flow more easily. This evolutionary process is like an animated movie in which existing flow designs are replaced by designs that offer greater flow access. This paradigm fuels a new attitude toward globalization and sustainability: the natural way to bring the less advanced areas into the flow of things is to allow the vascular systems of goods, people and ideas to bathe the whole earth more and more freely. Constructal theory shows that freedom is good for design, and that the future belongs to vascularized architectures with increased svelteness and optimal distribution of imperfection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Science and technology capacity building and partnership in African agriculture: perspectives on Mali and EgyptJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2005Seife Ayele Science and technology (S&T) have long been seen as key for development. This paper considers the issue of capacity building in the light of recent reconceptualization of the role of science and technology in development. Reconceptualization suggests that science and technology are better seen as key elements of innovation systems, which are themselves the means of gaining value from knowledge creation; and, that innovation, knowledge and development are tightly knit elements of a system of organisations and institutions that must function coherently for improved knowledge and innovation systems to emerge. Developing such systems requires linkages of many types. The paper describes and discusses the conceptual basis for capacity building interventions, using partnership-based capacity building initiatives in new agricultural technologies from Mali and Egypt. The empirical analysis from both countries shows evidence of research capacity building in the form of recruitment, training of scientific staff and provision of research infrastructure. Unsurprisingly, given the S&T knowledge base, the Malian case illustrates the difficulty of moving beyond basic forms of research capacity building. In Egypt, with significant S&T capacity, there is evidence of organizational and institutional innovation towards broader knowledge, and innovation system development in agri-biotechnology. The role of partnerships, and government as ,systems-builder', are shown to be important. Lessons are drawn from these (and other) cases about the relationship between partnerships, S&T and innovation capacity building. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A new department, a new minister , and a new select committeeASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Issue 4 2009Article first published online: 20 JUL 200 Science and technology is now part of the newly created government Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, with Lord Mandelson in overall charge. What will this mean for UK science? [source] The challenge of hazardous waste management in a sustainable environment: insights from electronic recovery lawsCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2005J. Halluite Abstract New and pending regulations requiring product take-back by manufacturers at the time of disposal are intended to create a new era of industrial ecology and environmental sustainability. However, the intended benefits of the current legislation can be confounded by obsolescence in product design based upon advances in science and technology and also by the introduction of more environmentally benign product designs. Recent changes in legislation are identified and, based upon an extensive industry survey, their resultant likely impacts on consumer electronics are considered. This industry study illustrates that unless the impacted products simultaneously possess both stable designs and input requirements then significant secondary environmental issues related to the waste storage will be encountered. Inherently, these issues cause serious societal problems when hazardous substances are involved , which is the case with many products from the electronics industry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Behind the Findings: Yes, the Science Explorations Program Worked, but Why?CURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007Jill Florence Lackey In 2002, with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and private donors, MPM launched this after-school program for a target group of urban, mostly minority, middle school girls, a group at risk for underachievement in science and technology. The museum staff built a combined program with five middle schools and also sought to reach out to family members of the participating girls in order to increase support for the young women's science endeavors. A three-year evaluation of the Science Explorations program demonstrated positive findings from primarily quantitative data. An aim of this article is to present findings from the qualitative data to shed light on the reasons this program met nearly all of its targets. Findings from case studies and qualitative interviews suggest that the museum staff's efforts to demystify science,a process that provided ongoing access to real scientific endeavors and invited personal contact with scientists,influenced the program's success. Findings also suggest that strong school liaisons may help increase family support for young women's scientific pursuits, which can in turn play a role in their success in this program. [source] Universal newborn screening and adverse medical outcomes: A historical noteDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Jeffrey P. Brosco Abstract Universal newborn screening programs for metabolic disorders are typically described as a triumph of medicine and public policy in the US over the last 50 years. Advances in science and technology, including the Human Genome Project, offer the opportunity to expand universal newborn screening programs to include many additional metabolic and genetic conditions. Although the benefits of such screening programs appear to outweigh their costs, some critics have claimed that historical examples of inadvertent harm ensuing from false-positive screening results and subsequent inappropriate medical treatment should make us wary of expanding universal newborn screening. In this essay, we report the results of a review of the published literature to assess whether the extension of screening from at risk populations to all newborns led to substantial morbidity and mortality from misguided medical treatment. We provide a historical overview of universal newborn screening programs in the United States, and then focus on six early NBS programs: congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, galactosemia, sickle cell disease, and maple syrup urine disease. Our comprehensive search of published sources did not reveal a widespread problem of harm ensuing from medical treatment of children with false positive screening test results. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:262,269. [source] Endogenous growth theory: a critiqueECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2000Omar Al-Ubaydli Endogenous growth theory is based on a misperception of how science and technology are acquired and diffused. In particular, it is incorrect to assume that knowledge is freely available. Any knowledge which has economic value has to be accessed via the brains of experts who are members of the relevant ,invisible college' and are rivalrous. It therefore has the characteristics of a private good which can be left to conventional economic incentives to supply. [source] Innovation Policy and Nanotechnology EntrepreneurshipENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 5 2008Jennifer L. Woolley In this article, we explore the relationship between innovation policy and new venture creation in the United States. Specifically, we examine two components of innovation policy in nanotechnology,science and technology (S&T) initiatives and economic initiatives,and their relationship with the founding of nanotechnology firms. We find strong support relating new firm formation to S&T and economic initiatives. States with both S&T and economic initiatives had six times as many firms founded than those states without such initiatives. We also find evidence of a first-mover advantage as states with the earliest innovation policies had higher rates of related firm foundings over time. These findings suggest that states that are most attractive to entrepreneurs not only pursue technological innovation and provide resources, but also encourage and legitimize commercial development. Implications for public policy makers and scholars are provided. [source] Creativity in Time and SpaceGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2004Gunnar Törnqvist Abstract The focus of attention in this article is that of milieux as forges for creativity and renewal. Among the milieux presented are places, corporations and research institutions. The renewal discussed here includes art, architecture, music and literature as well as science and technology. The goal of this article is to identify characteristics of importance in environments where exceptionally creative individuals develop and make their abilities visible. Individual lives are illustrated through the biographies of Nobel laureates. Their stories reveal the importance of geographic mobility, the patterns of contact for various creative processes, and show how a small number of biographical sketches can reflect changes in society at large. To avoid drowning in wordy descriptions, the observations garnered from various biographies have been systematized with the aid of a few simple time-geography diagrams. [source] The acceptance of systemic thinking in various fields of technology and consequences on the respective safety philosophiesHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 3 2003Willy Geysen Systemic thinking aims to develop a common language that makes it possible for scientists of different disciplines and technologies to communicate with one another. The specific methodology of systemic thinking is a means of tackling complex, interrelated problems by applying a holistic approach that focuses on the interrelation of individual aspects. In this article, an attempt is made to show the impact of systemic thinking in different areas of science and technology. In particular, the authors argue that a multidisciplinary, systemic approach can play an important role in developing a general theory of safety science. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 231,242, 2003. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||