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School Boards (school + board)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Humanities and Social Sciences	40%

Selected Abstracts

Paved with good intentions: the Hampstead and Clapton schools, 1873,1878

BRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES, Issue 2 2000
David S. Stewart
Summary In terms of the history of education, most people think that 1870 saw the beginning of universal elementary education in the UK, yet few consider what provision was made for those with learning disabilities. The present paper seeks to throw light on the provision made by one authority in London, the Metropolitan Asylums Board. Prior to the establishment of the schools at Darenth in 1878, later known as Darenth Park, the Board established a school in Hampstead, and later, at Clapton for pauper children with learning disabilities. Equipped with classrooms and teachers, these were the first such schools to be funded by rates, as opposed to charitable giving. The present study will reveal that there was, in fact, a strong link with the School Board for London and that certain individuals, frustrated by constraints put on them by one authority, used their considerable skills to make provision through other routes. It was not until the 1970 Education Act that all children became entitled to education in the UK, but the example of the Hampstead and Clapton Schools reveal that attempts were being made 100 years earlier to provide rate-funded education for children with learning disabilities. It might be regarded as a tragedy that philosophies in the intervening years did not reflect the optimism which policy makers in London held in the 1870s [source]

Advocacy to Action: Addressing Coordinated School Health Program Issues with School Boards

JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 1 2005
(former trustee, David C. Wiley PhD, FASHA, Hays CISD, Tex.) Professor
ABSTRACT: As the need for Coordinated School Health Programs (CSHP) increases, so does recognition of the importance for advocating with local school boards for their support. Identifying the diversified make up of school board members and implementing effective strategies to advocate for coordinated school health can help facilitate the successful inclusion of such a program. With increasing emphasis placed on standardized testing and the "basic" curriculum, school board members need to become aware of specific benefits a CSHP can provide their district. With the relationship between health status and academic achievement confirmed in scientific research, school boards may begin paying more attention to providing high-quality health services and health instruction for students. This article presents items to consider and steps to take before, during, and after addressing a local school board for their support in implementing a CSHP. [source]

Identifying the poor in the 1870s and 1880s1

ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 2 2008
ALAN GILLIE
Poverty lines devised throughout England and Wales in the 1870s and 1880s defined ,the poor', a new class not recognized by the poor law. This article provides an account of the poverty lines adopted, mainly by school boards, in about 40 different places; the context in which they were developed; and what has been retrieved of the reasons determining the adoption of specific poverty lines. In particular, it examines the principal controversies surrounding them, and the challenge they posed to the poor law; and, incidentally, compares them to the poverty lines proposed, many years later, by Booth and Rowntree. [source]

Advocacy to Action: Addressing Coordinated School Health Program Issues with School Boards

Cumulative Voting Comes to the Amarillo Independent School District: A Research Note

POLITICS & POLICY, Issue 4 2001
John David Rausch Jr.
This paper examines the use of cumulative voting in the 2000 Amarillo Independent School District Board of Trustees election. As in many jurisdictions, cumulative voting was adopted to settle a lawsuit brought by minority residents of Amarillo and two minority membership organizations. Using data collected from the ballots cast, this paper illustrates the use of cumulative voting by Amarillo voters and identifies which candidates benefited from the new election system. The paper also adds to our limited knowledge of the dynamics of campaigns for local school boards. [source]

The New Racial Calculus: Electoral Institutions and Black Representation in Local Legislatures

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010
Melissa J. Marschall
In this study we revisit the question of black representation on city councils and school boards using a novel substantive and methodological approach and longitudinal data for a sample of over 300 boards and councils. Conceptualizing black representation as a two-stage process, we fit Mullahy's hurdle Poisson models to explain whether and to what extent blacks achieve representation in local legislatures. We find that while the size of the black population and electoral arrangements matter more than ever, especially for overcoming the representational hurdle, the extent to which the black population is concentrated is also strongly associated with black council representation. Further, whereas black resources and opportunities to build "rainbow" coalitions with Latinos or liberal whites are marginally if at all related to black legislative representation, we find that legislative size is an underappreciated mechanism by which to increase representation, particularly in at-large systems, and is perhaps the best predictor of moving towards additional representation. [source]

Substantive Symbols: The Attitudinal Dimension of Black Political Incorporation in Local Government

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2007
Melissa J. Marschall
Traditional studies of minority incorporation focus on the redistribution of public resources that purportedly follows black gains in representation. The present study departs from this approach by focusing on the attitudinal effects of black leadership. Two research questions guide this study: To what extent do blacks' assessments of neighborhood services and conditions stem from black representation in local executive and legislative offices? Are these attitudinal effects rooted in policy and service delivery outcomes? Employing survey data from 3,000 blacks embedded in 52 cities and 53 school districts, this study reveals that blacks report higher levels of satisfaction with their neighborhood conditions, police services, and public schools when represented by blacks in city hall and on school boards and that these evaluations are most positive when improvements in local services are conspicuous. Overall, these findings extend conventional conceptualizations of substantive benefits and challenge more pessimistic accounts regarding the effects of black representation in local politics. [source]

On the Productivity of Public Forests: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Mississippi School Trust Timber Production

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2007
Matthew H. Bonds
This paper presents the results of a stochastic frontier analysis on the technical efficiency of school trust timber production in Mississippi. The state of Mississippi has a 200-year history of managing public trust lands designated to generate funds for public schools. Local school boards became the trustees of sixteenth section lands in the 1970s and have since supervised substantial increases in timber receipts. The majority of the timber management services are contracted to the Mississippi Forestry Commission (MFC),a state agency responsible for, among other things, overseeing sixteenth section timber management. The school districts and the MFC are legally required to maximize revenue from these lands. However, school districts are also legally permitted to outsource forestry services to private vendors and do so on a regular basis by recommendation from the MFC. This paper finds that the average technical efficiency of the sixteenth section lands is 46%, and there is a positive and statistically significant increase in total timber receipts when a higher proportion of management services are outsourced. Le présent article présente les résultats d'une analyse frontière stochastique de l'efficacité technique de la production de matières ligneuses sur les lots réservés aux écoles publiques dans l'État du Mississippi. Cet État possède deux cents ans d'histoire en gestion de terres publiques destinées au financement des écoles publiques. Les conseils scolaires locaux sont devenus les administrateurs des lots numéro 16 dans les années 1970 et gèrent depuis des augmentations substantielles de revenus tirés de la forêt. La majorité des services de gestion des matières ligneuses sont confiés à la Mississippi Forestry Commission (MFC), agence d'État chargée, entre autres, de la gestion de la matière ligneuse des lots numéro 16. Les arrondissements scolaires et la MFC sont légalement tenus de maximiser les revenus de ces lots. Les arrondissements scolaires peuvent, en vertu de la loi, confier les services forestiers à des entreprises privées, ce qu'ils font régulièrement sur recommandation de la MFC. Les résultats du présent article ont montré une efficacité technique moyenne des lots numéro 16 de 46% et une augmentation statistiquement significative et positive des revenus totaux tirés de la forêt lorsqu'une grande partie des services de gestion étaient impartis. [source]