Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Average Pain (average + pain)
Terms modified by Average Pain Selected AbstractsSafety and therapeutic efficacy of undenatured type-ii collagen (UC-II) in comparison to glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horsesJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 2 2009R. C. Gupta Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, which causes severe inflammation and loss of cartilage. It is a debilitating disease that commonly affects thousands of horses each year. Recently, we assessed the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory potential of undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) in horses. This comparative investigation evaluated arthritic pain in horses receiving daily placebo, UC-II 320 mg/day (providing 80 mg active UC-II), 480 mg/day (providing 120 mg active UC-II), or 640 mg/day (providing 160 mg active UC-II), and glucosamine and chondroitin (5.4 g/day and 1.8 g/day, respectively, bid for the first month, and thereafter once daily) for 150 days. Pain in each leg was evaluated using the flexion test and the lameness-grading system after the initial two strides. Average pain of all four legs represented the pain for each horse. Horses receiving placebo showed no change in arthritic condition, while those receiving 320, 480, or 640 mg UC-II exhibited significant reduction in arthritic pain (P < 0.05). UC-II at 480 mg dose provided optimal effects. With this dose, reduction in overall pain was from 5.7 ± 0.0.42 (100%) to 0.7 ± 0.42 (12%); and in pain upon limb manipulation from 2.35 ± 0.37 (100%) to 0.52 ± 0.18 (22%). In regards to glucosamine and chondroitin treated group, although reduction in pain was significant compared to pretreated values, the efficacy was significantly less compared with that observed with UC-II. UC-II was found to be twice as effective as glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. Clinically, physical condition, and liver (ALP, GGT, and bilirubin), kidney (BUN and creatinine), and heart (CK) functions remained unchanged, suggesting that these supplements were well tolerated. Overall, these results demonstrate that UC-II was significantly more efficacious than glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic horses. [source] Prevalence and impact of pain in diabetic neuropathyEUROPEAN DIABETES NURSING, Issue 2 2009M Geerts M Abstract Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of around 30-50%. Aims: To describe the prevalence, severity and medical treatment of painful DNP (PDNP) experienced by patients treated in secondary care; to determine quality of life (QoL) impact and the relationship between severity of pain and severity of DNP. Methods: Cross-sectional, two-phase survey. First, a pain interview was conducted by telephone (219 DNP patients), which covered types of pain, location and duration. Secondly, 50 patients were visited at home. Patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Prevalence of PDNP was 57.5%. Average and worst pain scores were 5.3 ± 2.1 and 6.4 ± 2.2, respectively (0-10 scale, 10 = worst pain imaginable). In 70% of patients, average pain was severe (score ,5). Substantial interference by pain (score ,4) was found in walking ability, sleep and normal activities. PDNP patients had a decreased QoL for all SF-36 domains (p,0.01) except for health change. Moreover, symptoms of anxiety (36%) and depression (34%) were reported frequently. Medical treatment was prescribed in 46% of patients, in whom treatment was ineffective in 39%. Physical functioning scores were lower in patients with severe versus moderate DNP (p,0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of severe PDNP was high. Severity of DNP was not related to pain severity. PDNP was associated with loss of QoL and with symptoms of anxiety and depression. A considerable proportion of patients did not have medical treatment and, if treatment was given, its impact was disappointing. Medical treatment of PDNP was unsatisfactory and clearly needs to be improved. Copyright © 2009 FEND [source] A comparison of pain and health-related quality of life between two groups of cancer patients with differing average levels of painJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 5 2003Barbro Boström MNSc Summary ,,A study was performed to describe and compare pain and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in two groups of cancer patients in palliative care as well as to describe the correlation between pain and HRQOL. ,,Forty-seven patients with mild average pain [Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) , 3] and 28 patients with moderate to severe average pain (VAS > 3) were included. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQOL, pain intensity levels were measured with the VAS on Pain-O-Meter. ,,Compared to patients with mild pain, patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, higher pain intensity for the items ,pain at time of interview', ,worst pain in the past 24 hours' and ,pain interrupting sleep.' They also had the lowest scores of the SF-36 dimensions: physical functioning, role-physical, and bodily pain. Patients with moderate to severe pain had statistically significant, fewer months of survival. There were statistically significant positive correlations between pain items and negative correlation between pain and SF-36 dimensions. ,,The conclusion is that pain has a negative impact on HRQOL, especially on physical health and that pain increases towards the final stages of life. Even if patients have to endure symptoms such as fatigue and anxiety during their short survival time, dealing with pain is an unnecessary burden, which can be prevented. [source] Novel pharmacology: asimadoline, a ,-opioid agonist, and visceral sensationNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 9 2008M. Camilleri Abstract, Asimadoline is a potent ,-opioid receptor agonist with a diaryl acetamide structure. It has high affinity for the , receptor, with IC50 of 5.6 nmol L,1 (guinea pig) and 1.2 nmol L,1 (human recombinant), and high selectively with , : , : , binding ratios of 1 : 501 : 498 in human recombinant receptors. It acts as a complete agonist in in vitro assay. Asimadoline reduced sensation in response to colonic distension at subnoxious pressures in healthy volunteers and in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients without alteration of colonic compliance. Asimadoline reduced satiation and enhanced the postprandial gastric volume (in female volunteers). However, there were no significant effects on gastrointestinal transit, colonic compliance, fasting or postprandial colonic tone. In a clinical trial in 40 patients with functional dyspepsia (Rome II), asimadoline did not significantly alter satiation or symptoms over 8 weeks. However, asimadoline, 0.5 mg, significantly decreased satiation in patients with higher postprandial fullness scores, and daily postprandial fullness severity (over 8 weeks); the asimadoline 1.0 mg group was borderline significant. In a clinical trial in patients with IBS, average pain 2 h post- on-demand treatment with asimadoline was not significantly reduced. Post hoc analyses suggest that asimadoline was effective in mixed IBS. In a 12-week study in 596 patients, chronic treatment with 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg asimadoline was associated with adequate relief of pain and discomfort, improvement in pain score and number of pain-free days in patients with IBS-D. The 1.0 mg dose was also efficacious in IBS-alternating. There were also weeks with significant reduction in bowel frequency and urgency. Asimadoline has been well tolerated in human trials to date. [source] Ethnic Differences in Pain Among Outpatients with Terminal and End-Stage Chronic IllnessPAIN MEDICINE, Issue 3 2005Michael W. Rabow MD ABSTRACT Objective., To explore ethnic and country of origin differences in pain among outpatients with terminal and end-stage chronic illness. Design., Cohort study within a year-long trial of a palliative care consultation. Setting., Outpatient general medicine practice in an academic medical center. Patients., Ninety patients with advanced congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cancer, and with a prognosis between 1 and 5 years. Outcome Measures., Patients' report of pain using the Brief Pain Inventory and analgesic medications prescribed by primary care physicians. Differences in pain report and treatment were assessed at study entry, at 6 and 12 months. Results., The overall burden of pain was high. Patients of color reported more pain than white patients, including measures of least pain (P = 0.02), average pain (P = 0.05), and current pain (P = 0.03). No significant ethnic group differences in pain were found comparing Asian, black, and Latino patients. Although nearly all patients who were offered opioid analgesics reported using them, opioids were rarely prescribed to any patient. There were no differences in pain between patients born in the U.S. and immigrants. Conclusions., Pain is common among outpatients with both terminal and end-stage chronic illness. There do not appear to be any differences in pain with regard to country of origin, but patients of color report more pain than white patients. Patients of all ethnicities are inadequately treated for their pain, and further study is warranted to explore the relative patient and physician contributions to the finding of unequal symptom burden and inadequate treatment effort. [source] Vinorelbine, doxorubicin, and prednisone in androgen-independent prostate cancerCANCER, Issue 5 2006Lester S. Borden Jr. MD Abstract BACKGROUND. Ultimately, patients with metastatic prostate cancer progress on androgen ablation therapy. The investigation of new chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) is essential. The authors conducted a Phase II trial with vinorelbine, doxorubicin, and daily prednisone (NAP) to investigate the antitumor activity and palliative response of this regimen in patients with AIPC. METHODS. Forty-six patients entered this Phase II combination chemotherapy trial. Patients were treated with both vinorelbine and doxorubicin at doses of 20 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days and prednisone 5 mg twice daily. Endpoints included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and palliation, as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) instrument, the Brief Pain Inventory Scale, and a narcotic analgesic log. RESULTS. The median follow-up for all 46 patients was 13.4 months. Fifty-two percent of patients had impaired performance status at baseline. One responding patient remained on NAP and was progression-free at 11.5 months. Thirty-nine patients progressed, 3 patients died prior to response assessment, and 3 patients refused therapy. The median overall survival was 57 weeks (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 36,76 weeks), and the median time to disease progression was 17 weeks (range, 11,24 weeks). The PSA response among the 36 patients who completed 3 cycles of NAP was 42% (95% CI, 26,59%). There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life measured both by the FACT-General instrument (P = .03) and the FACT-P instrument (P = .0006) over the 3 months compared with baseline measurements. Pain medicine use also improved: The median morphine equivalents among patients who were taking pain medications at the time of study enrollment showed a substantial decline after 1 cycle of treatment that was maintained. Pain (as assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory) improved compared with baseline pain at the 2nd-month assessment (worst pain, P = .08; least pain, P = .02; and average pain, P = .003). Overall, the regimen was tolerated well. The most common side effects were mild fatigue and gastrointestinal complaints (all of which were Grade 1 or 2 [according to Version 2.0 of the Expanded Common Toxicity Criteria]). Seventeen patients (37%) experienced Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Five patients (11%) developed a cardiac ejection fraction of <50% during treatment and had doxorubicin discontinued. No patients developed clinical congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS. The NAP combination produced substantive palliation and a moderate response rate in men with AIPC. Cancer 2006. © American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||