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Sample Method (sample + method)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

An example of a test method for vent sizing,OPPSD/SPI methodology

PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2002
Charles S. Poteet III
An alternative methodology to that of United Nations, Appendix 5, Sample Method, has been developed by the Organic Peroxides Producers Safety Division of the Society of the Plastics Industry (OPPSD/SPI) to assure the safe emergency venting of organic peroxides in an approved container. The methodology is applicable for designing a new container for an existing or new organic peroxide. Bench-scale testing with a 10 liter vessel determined the maximum pressure pulse (spike) generated during a thermal decomposition/overpressurization vs. the ultimate, structural strength of the container measured and/or calculated. The methodology has been tested full scale with a United Nations 6(c) fuel fire. Container deformation, so long as there is no fragmentation, is permitted with the proviso that the container be retired from service following an incident. The methodology, as developed, reflects advances in technology while "harmonizing" to a maximum extent with the United Nations, Appendix 5, Sample Method. [source]

Split sample comparison of ThinPrep and conventional smears in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided pancreatic fine-needle aspirations,

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
Momin T. Siddiqui M.D.
Abstract Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of pancreatic lesions is a common procedure to establish a tissue diagnosis before chemotherapy or surgery. In this study, the authors attempt to compare the diagnostic value of the ThinPrep (TP) method with conventional smears (CSs) in samples obtained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided pancreatic FNAs. Material obtained, prospectively, from ERCP-guided pancreatic FNAs was split to prepare CSs (2,5 slides) first, the remainder being rinsed in PreservCyte, and in the laboratory, 1 TP slide was prepared. The diagnostic categories of unsatisfactory, benign, reactive, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant were compared. Fifty-one pancreatic FNAs prepared by split sample method yielded the following results: TP yielded unsatisfactory, 6 cases; benign, 3 cases; reactive, 5 cases; suspicious for malignancy, 11 cases; and malignant, 26 cases; in contrast, CS yielded unsatisfactory, 13 cases; benign, 4 cases; reactive, 3 cases; suspicious for malignancy, 13 cases; and malignant, 18 cases. Histological follow-up was available in 21 cases (reactive, 8 cases; suspicious for malignancy, 1 case, and malignant, 12 cases). The foregoing data indicate a higher sensitivity in detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by the TP method (TP, 91% vs. 58% CS) with equivalent specificity (100%). In addition, TP provides better preservation and cytological detail. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:70,75. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

A Review of the Cluster Survey Sampling Method in Humanitarian Emergencies

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 4 2008
Shaun K. Morris
ABSTRACT Obtaining quality data in a timely manner from humanitarian emergencies is inherently difficult. Conditions of war, famine, population displacement, and other humanitarian disasters, cause limitations in the ability to widely survey. These limitations hold the potential to introduce fatal biases into study results. The cluster sample method is the most frequently used technique to draw a representative sample in these types of scenarios. A recent study utilizing the cluster sample method to estimate the number of excess deaths due to the invasion of Iraq has generated much controversy and confusion about this sampling technique. Although subject to certain intrinsic limitations, cluster sampling allows researchers to utilize statistical methods to draw inferences regarding entire populations when data gathering would otherwise be impossible. [source]

Comparison of bacterial plaque samples from titanium implant and tooth surfaces by different methods

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006
Jeanne Gerber
Abstract: Studies have shown similarities in the microflora between titanium implants or tooth sites when samples are taken by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling methods. The purpose of the present study was to study the microflora from curette and GCF samples using the checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization method to assess the microflora of patients who had at least one oral osseo-integrated implant and who were otherwise dentate. Plaque samples were taken from tooth/implant surfaces and from sulcular gingival surfaces with curettes, and from gingival fluid using filter papers. A total of 28 subjects (11 females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 64.1 years (SD±4.7). On average, the implants studied had been in function for 3.7 years (SD±2.9). The proportion of Streptococcus oralis (P<0.02) and Fusobacterium periodonticum (P<0.02) was significantly higher at tooth sites (curette samples). The GCF samples yielded higher proportions for 28/40 species studies (P -values varying between 0.05 and 0.001). The proportions of Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythensis), and Treponema denticola were both higher in GCF samples (P<0.02 and P<0.05, respectively) than in curette samples (implant sites). The microbial composition in gingival fluid from samples taken at implant sites differed partly from that of curette samples taken from implant surfaces or from sulcular soft tissues, providing higher counts for most bacteria studied at implant surfaces, but with the exception of Porphyromonas gingivalis. A combination of GCF and curette sampling methods might be the most representative sample method. [source]