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Selected AbstractsAllergy related disorders among 2-yrs olds in a general population.PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2p1 2010The PACT Study Smidesang I, Saunes M, Storrø O, Øien T, Holmen TL, Johnsen R, Henriksen AH. Allergy related disorders among 2-yrs olds in a general population. The PACT Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 315,320. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S Allergic disorders represent a major health problem in most developed countries, but few population-based studies have focused on these disorders in early childhood. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence, gender differences and distribution of allergy related disorders and their association to sensitization among unselected children, 2 yrs of age, in a general population. A population-based study with parental self reported questionnaire data involving allergy related symptoms and results from allergy tests from 4783 two-yr-old children was conducted, and skin prick tests (SPT) of a randomly selected sample comprising 390 children were performed. In the total population the prevalence of reported wheeze was 26%, doctor diagnosed asthma (DDAsthma) 7.0%, atopic dermatitis (AD) 17% and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) 3%. Of the 1008 (21%) allergy tested children 59% reported a positive test, but of the randomly selected children only 8% had a positive SPT. Children with AD were most frequently sensitized and children with ARC were most likely to have other allergy related disorders (70%). More boys than girls had an allergy related disorder or a positive allergy test. In conclusion, two in five had an allergy related disorder, but less than 10% had a positive SPT. Having one allergic disorder, especially ARC, increased substantially the risk of having another, and having AD was most strongly associated to a positive allergy test. Moreover, boys were more likely than girls to have an allergy related disorder or a positive SPT indicating a gender difference in the natural history of allergy related disorders. [source] Exciton luminescence of boron nitride nanotubes and nano-archesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 14 2006B. Berzina Abstract We report photoluminescence (PL) and PL-excitation spectroscopy of BN nanotubes (nt-BN) mixed with some residual hexagonal crystalline (h-BN) starting material, and of pure h-BN microcrystalline powder. The nanotube phase exhibits a broad-band PL near 380 nm, in agreement with a published report of cathodoluminescence from a sample comprising >90% nanotubes. This emission is almost 3 eV lower in energy than unrelaxed exciton states found in recent all-electron theories of nt-BN and h-BN and about 1.4 eV lower than the lowest (perturbed dark?) exciton seen in absorption of nt-BN. This may suggest that excitons in nt-BN vibrationally relax to self-trapped states before emitting, a path found in many wide-gap solids, especially in quasi-1-dimensional forms. Exciton emission from bulk single-crystal h-BN has been shown to occur from vibrationally unrelaxed (free-exciton) states. We suggest a hypothesis in which known nano-arch reconstructions on the surface of h-BN may provide the low-dimensional environment to make exciton self-trapping on the surfaces of h-BN likely. This allows consistent interpretaton of the surface-related 380 nm emission from h-BN powder within a half-nanotube self-trapped exciton hypo- thesis. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Genetic Variation in the Paraoxonase-3 (PON3) Gene is Associated with Serum PON1 ActivityANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 1 2008Dharambir K. Sanghera Summary Low serum paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity determined by paraoxon substrate is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk. In this investigation, we have examined the role of genetic variation in the PON3 gene in relation to PON1 activity and SLE risk in a biracial sample comprising 377 SLE patients and 482 controls from US whites and blacks. We genotyped six PON3 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) and examined their associations with PON1 activity, SLE risk, antiphopholipid autoantibodies (APA), lupus nephritis, carotid vascular disease, and inflammation. With the exception of PON1 activity, no other significant associations were found with PON3 SNPs. Multiple regression analysis including all six PON3 tagSNPs and PON1/Q192R and L55M SNPs revealed significant association of PON1 activity with 4 SNPs: PON3/A10340C (p < 0.0001), PON3/A2115T (p = 0.002), PON1/L55M (p < 0.0001) and PON1/Q192R (p < 0.0001). These four SNPs explained 2%, 1%, 8% and 19% of the variation in PON1 activity, respectively. In summary, our new data indicate that genetic variation in the PON3 gene influences serum PON1 activity independently of the known effect of PON1 genetic variation. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the association of the PON3 gene variants with PON1 activity. [source] Shareholders versus stakeholders: corporate mission statements and investor returnsBUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW, Issue 4 2002Mohammed Omran This paper seeks to discover whether companies that adopt a stakeholder approach, and thereby demonstrate a wider remit of corporate responsibility, provide inferior returns to those that embrace the shareholder value approach. To classify approaches, mission statements were analysed, the final sample comprising 32 shareholder oriented companies and 48 stakeholder oriented companies. To assess performance both accounting,based and market,based measures were used. A number of moderating variables were taken into account: systematic (beta) risk, gearing (long,term debt to total long,term finance), tax ratios, and firm size. ANOVA and Kruskall,Wallis tests revealed that mission orientation did not affect performance, whether in terms of stock returns or excess returns. Neither were accounting returns on equity different overall, although shareholder oriented companies experienced wider variations in this measure. A number of multiple regressions were also performed. However, the mission dummy was not found to be a significant variable. [source] Variants implicated in cortisone reductase deficiency do not contribute to susceptibility to common forms of polycystic ovary syndromeCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Nicole Draper Summary Objective, There are close phenotypic similarities between cortisone reductase deficiency (CRD), a rare abnormality of cortisone metabolism, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). As there is evidence that CRD results from digenic mutations involving the genes encoding 11,-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD), we sought to establish whether CRD-associated variants in these genes, individually or in combination, influence susceptibility to PCOS. Design, Case-control, family-based association and quantitative-trait analyses. Patients, A UK case sample comprising 256 nuclear families ascertained from a PCOS offspring and 213 singleton PCOS cases plus 549 control subjects. Measurements, All subjects were genotyped for CRD-related variants in HSD11B1 (rs12086634) and H6PD (rs6688832). Testosterone was measured with an in-house radioimmunoassay using ether extraction and dextran-coated charcoal separation. Results, Case-control analyses revealed no differences in genotype distribution between PCOS and controls for rs12086634 or rs6688832 (both P = 0·84). Three per cent of cases and 2·4% of controls had genotype combinations (three or more variant alleles at the two sites) considered characteristic of CRD (P = 0·73). There were no departures from expectation in the family-based association studies, and no significant associations between genotypes (individually or in combination) and BMI, WHR or testosterone. Conclusions, The variants in HSD11B1 and H6PD typed, though implicated in causation of CRD, do not influence susceptibility to PCOS. It seems likely that additional variants within these genes are required for the development of CRD. [source] | ||||||||||