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Sample B (sample + b)
Selected AbstractsLight extraction enhancement of sapphire-free InGaN LEDs using single- and double-side surface roughening techniquesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue S2 2009Dong-Sing Wuu Abstract We compare the performance of three types of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) epitaxially grown on patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs). For the devices with a single roughened p-GaN surface, the light output power of the original LEDs with the PSS and Ag reflector (Sample A) is lower than that of thin-film LEDs transferred onto Si carriers via glue bonding (Sample B). While the thin GaN LEDs with double-side roughening (both p-GaN and micropillar undoped-GaN surfaces) and glue/Ag omnidirectional reflector (Sample C) shows much higher light output power than that of Sample B. As compared with the Sample A, the Sample C shows a performance enhancement of 50.3% in light output power and 46.3% in power efficiency at 350 mA. These results reflect that the contribution of the micropillar undoped-GaN texturing for the light extraction is dominant. The employment of Si carrier decreases the junction temperature of the Sample C, a 46.6 °C lower than that of the conventional LEDs on PSS. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Proteomics application exercise of the Swiss Proteomics Society: Report of the SPS'02 sessionPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 8 2003Pierre-Alain Binz Abstract After the success of the mass spectrometry (MS) round table that was held at the first Swiss Proteomics Society congress (SPS'01) in Geneva, the SPS has organized a proteomics application exercise and allocated a full session at the SPS'02 congress. The main objective was to encourage the exchange of expertise in protein identification, with a focus on the use of mass spectrometry, and to create a bridge between the users' questions and the instrument providers' solutions. Two samples were sent to fifteen interested labs, including academic groups and MS hardware providers. Participants were asked to identify and partially characterize the samples. They consisted of a complex mixture of peptide/proteins (sample A) and an almost pure recombinant peptide carrying post-translational modifications (sample B). Sample A was an extract of snake venom from the species Bothrops jararaca. Sample B was a recombinant and modified peptide derived from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei penaeidin 3a. The eight labs that returned results reported the use of a wide range of MS instrumentation and techniques. They mentioned a variety of time and manpower allocations. The origin of sample A was generally identified together with a number of database protein entries. The difficulty of the sample identification lay in the incomplete knowledge of the Bothrops species genome sequence and is discussed. Sample B was generally and correctly identified as penaeidin. However, only one group reported the full primary structure. Interestingly, the approaches were again varied and are discussed in the text. [source] Variation in GH and IGF-I assays limits the applicability of international consensus criteria to local practiceCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2007A. Pokrajac Summary Background, There is increasing reliance on consensus criteria for decision making. Recent criteria state that acromegaly is excluded by a nadir GH during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of < 1 µg/l and a normal level of IGF-I. Objective, To study GH and IGF-I assay performance close to cut-off values for active acromegaly. Design and methods, Two serum samples known to give borderline results were sent to all centres participating in the UK National External Quality Assessment Service (NEQAS). Sample A was assigned to be a nadir during an OGTT and sent for GH assessment to 104 centres. Sample B, with a clinical scenario, was sent to 23 centres that measure IGF-I, and these centres were asked to measure IGF-I, interpret the result and provide the source of their reference ranges (RRs). Results, For sample A, the median GH was 2·6 mU/l (range 1·04,3·5 mU/l). Applying a conversion factor (CF) of 2·0 (1 µg/l = 2 mU/l), the most negatively biased method classified 10% of the values consistent with acromegaly, while the most positively biased method classified all values as consistent with the diagnosis. Applying a CF of 3·0 (1 µg/l = 3 mU/l), only 11% of results were consistent with acromegaly. For sample B, the median IGF-I was 50·8 nmol/l (range 24·3,60·9 nmol/l). All centres used age-related RRs. There was a 50% variation in the upper limit of the RRs between centres. Overall, 30% of the IGF-I results were against the diagnosis. There was little agreement in the RRs quoted by centres using the same method. Conclusion, Variability in assay performance, coupled with use of inappropriate CFs and RRs, undermines the applicability of international consensus criteria to local practice. [source] Essential oil composition of Prasium majus L. from GreeceFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007A. Basta Abstract The essential oils from the aerial parts of Prasium majus (Labiatae), collected in two phenological stages in Greece, were analysed by GC,MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified, representing 99.8,99.9% of the total oils. The major constituents in sample A were 1-octen-3-ol (20.7%), , -pinene (14.7%) and linalool (13.8%), while those of sample B were dehydro-aromadendrene (31.8%), caryophyllene oxide (13.7%) and 1-octen-3-ol (12.4%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003& Heldr.) Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia aucheri var. canescens, collected from two different locations (Gülnar, sample A; and Silifke, sample B) growing endemic in Turkey, were analysed by GC,MS. The oil yields of dried plants (v/dw) obtained by hydrodistillation were 1.4% and 1.7%, respectively. Forty-two compounds were identi,ed, representing 98.6% and 99.5% of the oils from the two locations. The main constituents of the oils were: 1,8-cineole (32.3%, 28.6%), camphor (18.9%, 22.8%), borneol (8.2%, 8.9%), , -pinene (6.3%, 9.0%) and , -pinene (5.3%, 6.2%), respectively. The oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (21.3%, 27.4%), oxygenated monoterpenes (66.4%, 64.9%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.3%, 3.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.1%, 4.1%), respectively. 1,8-Cineole and camphor were the major components of S. aucheri. var. canescens. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Quality of life in old age: An investigation of well older persons in Hong KongJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Sheung-Tak Cheng What might add quality to life during the last period of the life cycle? In study I, five focus groups of elderly participants representing different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds provided descriptions of quality of life (QOL) from their own perspectives. These descriptions formed the basis of a questionnaire that was administered to a representative, random sample of older persons in Hong Kong (N = 1,616) in study II. The study II sample was further randomly split into two. Exploratory factor analysis on sample A identified four factors: generativity, interpersonal (including intergenerational) relations, physical functioning, and material life. Results of confirmatory factor analysis on sample B showed that the 4-factor QOL model provided a good fit to the data, and that the constructs measured were identical (invariant) between older men and women and between the young-old and the old-old. In study III, the findings were disseminated back to an independent sample of older persons meeting in focus groups, who provided verbal confirmations to the model. The findings shed light on possible community psychology interventions to promote wellness in the elderly. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 309,326, 2004. [source] TEM investigations of (In,Ga)N/GaN quantum structuresPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 11 2008P. Manolaki Abstract The paper reports on the influence of the growth temperature on the structural and chemical properties of (In,Ga)N quantum wells (QWs) on GaN. Two different samples A and B were fabricated. The QWs of the sample A were grown at a constant temperature of 600 °C. For the QWs of the sample B the temperature was 530 °C, while for the GaN barrier it was raised to 600 °C. The chemical and structural properties were studied by electron diffraction contrast imaging using the 0001 and 0002 reflection, respectively. Sample A exhibits homogeneous (In,Ga)N QWs. For sample B some undulated strain contrast of the QWs is visible hinting to the formation of quantum dots (QDs). The self-organisation of (In,Ga)N QDs in sample B is also evidenced by composition sensitive STEM-HAADF imaging, where the individual (In,Ga)N layers exhibit inhomogeneous intensity as well as varied thickness. Moreover, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy yielded enrichment of indium at QD sites. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Proteomics application exercise of the Swiss Proteomics Society: Report of the SPS'02 sessionPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 8 2003Pierre-Alain Binz Abstract After the success of the mass spectrometry (MS) round table that was held at the first Swiss Proteomics Society congress (SPS'01) in Geneva, the SPS has organized a proteomics application exercise and allocated a full session at the SPS'02 congress. The main objective was to encourage the exchange of expertise in protein identification, with a focus on the use of mass spectrometry, and to create a bridge between the users' questions and the instrument providers' solutions. Two samples were sent to fifteen interested labs, including academic groups and MS hardware providers. Participants were asked to identify and partially characterize the samples. They consisted of a complex mixture of peptide/proteins (sample A) and an almost pure recombinant peptide carrying post-translational modifications (sample B). Sample A was an extract of snake venom from the species Bothrops jararaca. Sample B was a recombinant and modified peptide derived from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei penaeidin 3a. The eight labs that returned results reported the use of a wide range of MS instrumentation and techniques. They mentioned a variety of time and manpower allocations. The origin of sample A was generally identified together with a number of database protein entries. The difficulty of the sample identification lay in the incomplete knowledge of the Bothrops species genome sequence and is discussed. Sample B was generally and correctly identified as penaeidin. However, only one group reported the full primary structure. Interestingly, the approaches were again varied and are discussed in the text. [source] Variation in GH and IGF-I assays limits the applicability of international consensus criteria to local practiceCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2007A. Pokrajac Summary Background, There is increasing reliance on consensus criteria for decision making. Recent criteria state that acromegaly is excluded by a nadir GH during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of < 1 µg/l and a normal level of IGF-I. Objective, To study GH and IGF-I assay performance close to cut-off values for active acromegaly. Design and methods, Two serum samples known to give borderline results were sent to all centres participating in the UK National External Quality Assessment Service (NEQAS). Sample A was assigned to be a nadir during an OGTT and sent for GH assessment to 104 centres. Sample B, with a clinical scenario, was sent to 23 centres that measure IGF-I, and these centres were asked to measure IGF-I, interpret the result and provide the source of their reference ranges (RRs). Results, For sample A, the median GH was 2·6 mU/l (range 1·04,3·5 mU/l). Applying a conversion factor (CF) of 2·0 (1 µg/l = 2 mU/l), the most negatively biased method classified 10% of the values consistent with acromegaly, while the most positively biased method classified all values as consistent with the diagnosis. Applying a CF of 3·0 (1 µg/l = 3 mU/l), only 11% of results were consistent with acromegaly. For sample B, the median IGF-I was 50·8 nmol/l (range 24·3,60·9 nmol/l). All centres used age-related RRs. There was a 50% variation in the upper limit of the RRs between centres. Overall, 30% of the IGF-I results were against the diagnosis. There was little agreement in the RRs quoted by centres using the same method. Conclusion, Variability in assay performance, coupled with use of inappropriate CFs and RRs, undermines the applicability of international consensus criteria to local practice. [source] Pralidoxime and l -lactate effects in vitro on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by paraoxon: pralidoxime does not confer superior protectionJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Georg Petroianu Abstract Intoxication with the organophosphorus compound paraoxon (POX), an inhibitor of serine hydrolases, is frequent. Although oximes are the only enzyme reactivators presently available, clinical experience with their use was rather disappointing. Recent work has shown that under certain conditions l -lactate is also able to reduce in vitro the POX inhibition of butyrylcholine- and acetylcholineesterase (BChE and AChE). To assess the practical relevance, if any, of these findings, the protective effects of pralidoxime (PRX) and those of lactate had to be compared in the same in vitro model. Effects of PRX on the inhibition of AChE by POX were assessed in vitro in plasma of 12 (six male and six female) healthy human volunteers. The determinations were repeated using different oxime and different POX concentrations. The AChE activity determinations were performed using the following sampler: sample BL,baseline (or untreated plasma); sample a,after addition of POX to plasma (pl + POX); sample b,after POX and plasma were incubated and then oxime was added (pl + POX/PRX); sample c,after addition of oxime to plasma (pl + PRX); sample d,after oxime and plasma were incubated and then POX was added (pl + PRX/POX); sample e,after oxime and POX were incubated and then added to plasma (PRX + POX/pl). Results were corrected for spurious enzyme ,pseudo-activity' due to interaction between PRX and substrate (acetylthiocholine) in the absence of enzyme. In the micro- and millimolar ranges, PRX is able to protect in vitro AChE from inhibition by POX when added to human plasma prior to POX or when incubated with POX prior to addition to plasma. Adding PRX to plasma after POX has no protective effect. The PRX results were compared statistically with historical lactate data (obtained under identical conditions) using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test, with significance assumed for p = 0.01. No difference between PRX and lactate's protective effect on the AChE inhibition by POX was found in the in vitro model used. We therefore conclude that in vivo testing of lactate as a POX protective agent is warranted. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||