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Selected AbstractsORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS: Comparison of Left Atrial Dimensions by Transesophageal and Transthoracic EchocardiographyECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 10 2005Harshinder Singh M.D. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an established cardiovascular diagnostic technique. Left atrial (LA) size, as measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), is associated with cardiovascular disease and is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, stroke, death, and the success of cardioversion. Assessment of LA size has not been as well validated on TEE as on TTE. We determined LA size measurements in four standard views in 122 patients undergoing TEE and TTE at the same setting. In this study, we found that measurement of LA dimensions by TEE suffers from significant limitations in all views except the basal long-axis view (mid-esophageal level) with transducer plane at 120,150 degrees. This view had the best correlation with transthoracic LA measurements: r = 0.79 for TEE long axis (CI 0.71,0.85), P <.0001. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 22, November 2005) [source] Identification of small molecule aggregators from large compound libraries by support vector machinesJOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2010Hanbing Rao Abstract Small molecule aggregators non-specifically inhibit multiple unrelated proteins, rendering them therapeutically useless. They frequently appear as false hits and thus need to be eliminated in high-throughput screening campaigns. Computational methods have been explored for identifying aggregators, which have not been tested in screening large compound libraries. We used 1319 aggregators and 128,325 non-aggregators to develop a support vector machines (SVM) aggregator identification model, which was tested by four methods. The first is five fold cross-validation, which showed comparable aggregator and significantly improved non-aggregator identification rates against earlier studies. The second is the independent test of 17 aggregators discovered independently from the training aggregators, 71% of which were correctly identified. The third is retrospective screening of 13M PUBCHEM and 168K MDDR compounds, which predicted 97.9% and 98.7% of the PUBCHEM and MDDR compounds as non-aggregators. The fourth is retrospective screening of 5527 MDDR compounds similar to the known aggregators, 1.14% of which were predicted as aggregators. SVM showed slightly better overall performance against two other machine learning methods based on five fold cross-validation studies of the same settings. Molecular features of aggregation, extracted by a feature selection method, are consistent with published profiles. SVM showed substantial capability in identifying aggregators from large libraries at low false-hit rates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Comput Chem, 2010 [source] Micronutrients and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Context of HIV InfectionNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 7 2004Dr.P.H., Wafaie Fawzi M.B. HIV infection is a global public health problem, particularly in Africa. Concurrently, micronutrient deficiencies and adverse pregnancy outcomes are prevalent in the same settings. Supplements containing B complex and vitamins C and E were efficacious in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal loss, low birth weight, and prematurity among HIV-infected women; the generalizability of this finding to uninfected women is being examined. There is little encouragement from published studies to provide prenatal vitamin A supplements in HIV infection, particularly in light of significantly higher risk of mother-to-child transmission observed in one trial. The efficacy and safety of prenatal zinc and selenium supplements on these outcomes need to be examined in randomized trials. [source] Comparison of Pumps and Oxygenators With Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Modes in an Infant Cardiopulmonary Bypass ModelARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 11 2009Nikkole M. Haines Abstract As the evidence mounts in favor of pulsatile perfusion during CPB, it is necessary to investigate the effect of circuit components on the quality of pulsatility delivered throughout the circuit. We compared two bloodpumps, the Jostra HL-20 heart-lung machine and the MEDOS DELTASTREAM DP1 Bloodpump, and two oxygenators, the Capiox Baby RX05 and the MEDOS HILITE 800LT, in terms of mean arterial pressure, energy equivalent pressure, surplus hemodynamic energy, total hemodynamic energy, and pressure drop over the oxygenators using a blood analog. The pumps and oxygenators were combined in unique circuits and tested in nonpulsatile and pulsatile modes, at two flow rates (500 and 800 mL/min), and three rotational speed differentials when using the MEDOS DELTASTREAM DP1 Bloodpump for 144 trials in total. The Jostra Roller pump produced some pulsatility in nonpulsatile mode and better pulsatility in pulsatile mode than the MEDOS DP1 Bloodpump at a rotational speed differential of 2500 rpm, but not at 3500 or 4500 rpm. The MEDOS DP1 Bloodpump produced almost no pulsatility in nonpulsatile mode. Pressure drops over the Capiox Baby RX05 were markedly higher, at 92.5 ± 0.4 mm Hg with the MEDOS DP1 Bloodpump at 800 mL/min and 4500 rpm in pulsatile mode, than those of the MEDOS HILITE 800LT oxygenator, which was 67.0 ± 0.1 mm Hg at the same settings. These results suggest that careful selection of each circuit component, based on the individual clinical case and component specifics, are necessary to achieve the best quality of pulsatility. [source] | ||||||||||