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Same Efficacy (same + efficacy)
Selected AbstractsA review of the use of moxidectin in horsesEQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 10 2008J. Schumacher Summary Moxidectin has broad-spectrum anti-nematodal and anti-arthropodal activities in the horse but is not effective against tapeworms or flukes. Moxidectin and ivermectin have the same efficacy against internal, adult parasites of horses. Moxidectin, however, is highly effective in eliminating encysted and hypobiotic larval stages of cyathostomins, whereas ivermectin is not. Treatment of horses with moxidectin results in an egg-reappearance period (ERP) of 15,24 weeks. Because of its long ERP, moxidectin is labelled to be used at 12 week intervals. Moxidectin may provide protection against infection by ingested cyathostomin larvae for 2,3 weeks after it is administered. The larvicidal activity of moxidectin has often been compared to that of fenbendazole administered at either 7.5 or 10 mg/kg bwt for 5 consecutive days. The efficacy of fenbendazole, when administered daily for 5 consecutive days at 7.5 or 10 mg/kg bwt, against all stages of cyathostomins is often less than that of moxidectin because resistance of cyathostomins to benzimidazoles is prevalent worldwide, and the 5 day course of fenbendazole does not overcome this resistance. There are now reports of resistance of ascarids to moxidectin. Overt resistance of cyathostomins and a shortened egg re-emergence period after treatment with moxidectin have been reported. Rapid removal of manure by natural fauna can significantly reduce larval nematode concentrations and thereby reduce intervals of anthelmintic treatment. Of the macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin has the least deleterious effect on faecal fauna. [source] Indinavir/ritonavir-based therapy in HIV-1-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive patients: comparison of 800/100 mg and 400/100 mg twice dailyHIV MEDICINE, Issue 1 2005D Konopnicki Objectives To compare the efficacy and tolerability of indinavir (IDV)/ritonavir (RTV) at 800/100 and 400/100 mg twice daily (bid) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients. Methods An open comparison of two groups of ART-naive patients treated with IDV/RTV 800/100 or 400/100 mg bid plus two nucleoside analogues was carried out. Viral load, CD4 cell count and tolerability were measured at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24 and 48. IDV plasma concentrations were measured retrospectively. Results A total of 107 patients were included in the study. Of these, 57 were treated with 800/100 and 50 with 400/100 mg IDV/RTV bid. At week 48, a viral load of <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL was achieved by 77 and 64% of the patients, respectively, and the median CD4 cell count increases were +171 and +164 cells/,L (intent-to-treat; P not significant), respectively. Side effects leading to protease inhibitor discontinuation occurred in 61% of subjects in the 800/100 mg group vs. 20% in the 400/100 mg group (P<0.0001). Switching from 800/100 to 400/100 mg dosage improved adverse events in 16 of 20 patients. IDV concentrations were above 0.15 mg/L in 89% of the 28 patients tested in the 400/100 mg group. Conclusions Indinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg bid provided the same efficacy as 800/100 mg bid at 48 weeks in an ART-naive population, but safety and tolerance were significantly better for 400/100 mg, while convenience was also improved and cost was reduced. [source] Oxidative stress parameters after combined fluoxetine and acetylsalicylic acid therapy in depressive patientsHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 4 2009Piotr Ga, ecki Abstract Objective There are numerous reports indicating disturbed equilibrium between oxidative processes and antioxidative defense in patients with depression. Moreover, depressive patients are characterized by the presence of elements of an inflammatory process, which is one of the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In view of the above, it was decided to study both the effect of fluoxetine monotherapy and that of fluoxetine co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense in patients with the first depressive episode in their life. Method Seventy seven patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), divided into two groups were included in the study. The first group, consisting of 52 patients, received fluoxetine 20 mg, and the second one, in addition to fluoxetine 20 mg, received 150 mg of acetylsalicylic acid. The activity of antioxidative enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPSH-x) and the concentration of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was determined in erythrocytes, whereas the total antioxidant status (TAS) was determined in the plasma. All parameters were measured before and after three month therapy. Results The obtained results indicate a significant decrease in the activity of SOD1, CAT and GSHP-x, as well as in MDA concentration after the combined therapy. Also a significant TAS increase was observed after the combined therapy. The study demonstrated that combined therapy with fluoxetine and ASA is characterized by the same efficacy and clinical safety as fluoxetine monotherapy, resulting additionally in improvement of oxidative stress parameters in the patients treated for depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prevention of secondary stroke and transient ischaemic attack with antiplatelet therapy: the role of the primary care physician roleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2007H. S. Kirshner Summary Background:, Stroke risk is heightened among patients who have had a primary stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). The primary care physician is in the best position to monitor these patients for stroke recurrence. Because stroke recurrence can occur shortly after the primary event, guidelines recommend initiating antiplatelet therapy as soon as possible. Aspirin, with or without extended-release dipyridamole (ER-DP), and clopidogrel are options for such patients. Low-dose aspirin (75,150 mg/day) has the same efficacy as higher doses but with less gastrointestinal bleeding. Clopidogrel remains an option for prevention of secondary events and may benefit patients with symptomatic atherothrombosis, but its combined use with aspirin can harm patients with multiple risk factors and no history of symptomatic cerebrovascular, cardiovascular or peripheral vascular disease. Results:, Low dose aspirin is effective in secondary stroke prevention. Trials assessing aspirin plus ER-DP have shown that the combination is more effective than aspirin monotherapy in preventing stroke, with efficacy increasing among higher risk patients, notably those with prior stroke/TIA. Clopidogrel does not appear to have as much advantage over aspirin in secondary stroke prevention as aspirin plus ER-DP. Smoking cessation and cholesterol, blood glucose and blood pressure control are also important concerns in preventing recurrent stroke. In choosing pharmacological therapy, the physician must consider the individual patient's risk factors and tolerance, as well as other issues, such as use of aspirin among patients with ulcers. Conclusion:, Antiplatelet therapy is effective in secondary stroke prevention. Low dose aspirin can be used first-line, but aspirin plus ER-DP improves efficacy. Clopidogrel is another option in secondary stroke prevention, especially for aspirin-intolerant patients, but it appears to have less advantage over aspirin than aspirin plus ER-DP, and its combined use with aspirin has only marginally better efficacy and increased bleeding risk. [source] Efficacy of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents as Compared to Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Saphenous Vein Graft InterventionJOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Ph.D., WILLIAM W. CHU M.D. Background: Saphenous vein graft (SVG) intervention is associated with a significantly increased rate of periprocedural complications and late clinical and angiographic restenosis. In the contemporary drug-eluting stent (DES) era, the comparison of the efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) in SVG interventions is currently unknown. We conducted this retrospective analysis to investigate this issue. Methods and Results: Forty-seven patients with 50 SVG lesions who underwent standard percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with SES (SES group) were compared with 42 patients with 45 SVG lesions with PES (PES group). All patients received distal protection devices (DPDs) during the interventions. The in-hospital, 30-day, and 6-month clinical outcomes in both groups were compared. Baseline clinical and procedural characteristics were balanced between both groups except for the proximal and mid lesions. There were no deaths or Q-wave myocardial infarctions (MIs) during the index hospitalization. Non-Q-wave MI was similar between the two groups (SES vs PES, 4.3% vs 7.1%, P = 0.55). At 30-day and 6-month follow-ups, all the clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups. There was no subacute thrombosis (SAT) or late thrombosis in either group. The event-free survival at 6 months was also similar between both groups (P = 0.75). Conclusions: The use of DES in patients undergoing SVG intervention with a DPD is clinically safe and feasible. As compared to SES, PES have the same efficacy and clinical outcomes in SVG interventions up to 6 months. [source] Sensitivity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga spp. to the bactericidal action of LL-37: a cathelicidin found in human leukocytes and epitheliumMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000D. Tanaka The bactericidal activity of synthetic LL-37, a cathelicidin, was assessed against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (three strains) and Capnocytophaga spp. (three strains). All strains were sensitive to LL-37, and exhibited 99% effective dose of 7.5-to-11.6 ,g/ml. An amidated form of LL-37, pentamide-37, killed with about the same efficacy as LL-37. Partial inhibition of killing was noted at physiologic concentrations of NaCl, and complete inhibition was observed at 400 mM NaCl. At approximately the 99% effective dose , i.e., 10 ,g/ml , LL-37 also lost activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans in the presence of native or heat-inactivated 10,15% normal human AB serum. Pentamide-37 was less sensitive to serum inhibition than LL-37. In conclusion, certain oral, gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to the bactericidal activity of LL-37 at low concentrations of serum and salt, a condition likely to be found within the membrane-delimited phagolysosome. Modified forms of LL-37, such as pentamide-37, may be more suitable for future therapeutic application in the presence of serum. [source] | ||||||||||