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Same Concepts (same + concept)
Selected AbstractsA comparison of three closest fit approaches to missing attribute values in preterm birth dataINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 2 2002Jerzy W. Grzymala-Busse One of the main problems of data mining is imperfection of input data. Such data may be uncertain, vague, and incomplete. In our data set, describing preterm birth, many attribute values were missing, that is, the input data set was incomplete. The main approach to solving the missing attribute value problem was based on a closest fit: a missing attribute value in a case was replaced by the existing attribute value in the best candidate, a case that fits as closely as possible (resembles the most) the case with the missing attribute value. We experimented with three methods based on the idea of the closest fit: looking for the best candidate among the set of all cases, among the cases that belong to the same concept (cases within the same class as the case with missing attribute values), and a special method, where the set of all attributes was restricted to a single attribute with the missing attribute value. In the last method, the missing attribute value was replaced by the most common value within the concept for symbolic attributes, and by the average value of all attribute values of the same concept for numerical attributes. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Learning Organizations in the Public Sector?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2003A Study of Police Agencies Employing Information, Technology to Advance Knowledge In an attempt to reap the purported benefits that "knowledge workers" bring to organizations, many police departments have shifted to a community problem,oriented policing philosophy. Rather than focusing on enforcement and incarceration, this philosophy is based on the dissemination of information to promote a proactive, preventative approach to reduce crime and disorder. In keeping with much of the contemporary literature on the "learning organization" (sometimes called the "knowledge organization"), police departments hope to deter crime through the knowledge benefits that derive from information and its associated technologies. With goals to stimulate productivity, performance, and effectiveness, police departments across the country are employing information technology to turn police officers into problem solvers and to leverage their intellectual capital to preempt crime and neighborhood deterioration. Many public and private organizations are striving to change their operations toward this same concept of the knowledge worker. Information technology is often touted as a vehicle for capturing, tracking, sorting, and providing information to advance knowledge, thus leading to improvements in service,delivery efforts. Based on an extensive study of police departments that have attempted to implement a knowledge,worker paradigm (supported by information technology initiatives), this research explores the feasibility, effectiveness, and limitations of information and technology in promoting the learning organization in the public sector. [source] The N -Arylamino Conjugation Effect in the Photochemistry of Fluorescent Protein Chromophores and AminostilbenesCHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 9 2010Guan-Jhih Huang Abstract To understand the nonradiative decay mechanism of fluorescent protein chromophores in solutions, a systematic comparison of a series of (Z)-4-(N -arylamino)benzylidene-2,3-imidazolinones (ABDIs: 2,P, 2,PP, 2,OM, and 2,OMB) and the corresponding trans -4-(N -arylamino)-4,-cyanostilbenes (ACSs: 1,P, 1,PP, 1,OM, and 1,OMB) was performed. We have previously shown that the parameter ,f+2,,tc, in which ,f and ,tc are the quantum yields of fluorescence and trans,cis photoisomerization, respectively, is an effective probe for evaluating the contribution of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states in the excited decays of trans -aminostilbenes, including the push,pull ACSs. One of the criteria for postulating the presence of a TICT state is ,f+2,,tc,1.0, because its formation is decoupled with the CC bond (,) torsion pathway and its decay is generally nonradiative. Our results show that the same concept also applies to ABDIs 2 with the parameter ,f+2,,ZE in which ,ZE is the quantum yield of Z,E photoisomerization. We conclude that the , torsion rather than the CC bond (,) torsion is responsible for the nonradiative decays of ABDIs 2 in aprotic solvents (hexane, THF, acetonitrile). The phenyl-arylamino CN bond (,) torsion that leads to a nonradiative TICT state is important only for 2,OM in THF and acetonitrile. If the solvent is protic (methanol and 10,20,% H2O in THF), a new nonradiative decay channel is present for ABDIs 2, but not for ACSs 1. It is attributed to internal conversion (IC) induced by solvent (donor),solute (acceptor) hydrogen-bonding (HB) interactions. The possible HB modes and the concept of , torsion-coupled proton transfer are also discussed. [source] The Role of Effective Modeling in the Development of Self-Efficacy: The Case of the Transparent Engine,DECISION SCIENCES JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATION, Issue 1 2007Kevin P. Scheibe ABSTRACT Computing technology augments learning in education in a number of ways. One particular method uses interactive programs to demonstrate complex concepts. The purpose of this article is to examine one type of interactive learning technology, the transparent engine. The transparent engine allows instructors and students to view and directly interact with educational concepts such as Web-enabled software development. The article first presents a framework describing transparent engines. The framework details four types of transparent engines: (1) enactive mastery/manipulatable, (2) enactive mastery/nonmanipulatable, (3) vicarious experience/manipulatable, and (4) vicarious experience/nonmanipulatable. Following this, we present the results of an experiment designed to examine this framework by testing its predictions for one quadrant, vicarious experience/nonmanipulatable. The results support the framework in that students taught concepts with the aid of the vicarious experience/nonmanipulatable transparent engine had significantly higher domain-specific self-efficacy compared to those taught the same concepts without this tool. [source] MAKING SENSE OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGEHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2008JOUNI-MATTI KUUKKANEN ABSTRACT Arthur Lovejoy's history of unit-ideas and the history of concepts are often criticized for being historically insensitive forms of history-writing. Critics claim that one cannot find invariable ideas or concepts in several contexts or times in history without resorting to some distortion. One popular reaction is to reject the history of ideas and concepts altogether, and take linguistic entities as the main theoretical units. Another reaction is to try to make ideas or concepts context-sensitive and to see their histories as dynamic processes of transformation. The main argument in this paper is that we cannot abandon ideas or concepts as theoretical notions if we want to write an intelligible history of thought. They are needed for the categorization and classification of thinking, and in communication with contemporaries. Further, the criterion needed to subsume historical concepts under a general concept cannot be determined merely on the basis of their family resemblances, which allows variation without an end, since talk of the same concepts implies that they share something in common. I suggest that a concept in history should be seen to be composed of two components: the core of a concept and the margin of a concept. On the basis of this, we can develop a vocabulary for talking about conceptual changes. The main idea is that conceptual continuity requires the stability of the core of the concept, but not necessarily that of the margin, which is something that enables a description of context-specific features. If the core changes, we ought to see it as a conceptual replacement. [source] Applications of High Throughput Research at The Dow Chemical CompanyMACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 1 2004Kevin P. Peil Abstract Summary: With high throughput research (HTR), a new research approach towards the development of catalysts and materials has been established at The Dow Chemical Company. While drawing on many of the same concepts as combinatorial chemistry, HTR introduced a new set of specific challenges. New workflows needed to be developed for catalyst and material preparation, activity screens, product and process analytical as well as the management of large amounts of data. Integration of the workflow is critical and requires appropriate skills from such fields as chemistry, engineering, materials, analytical, robotics and informatics. It is not simply having a HTR capability that matters, but what one does with the capability that counts the most. The paradigm shift that has occurred at Dow as a result of HTR will allow Dow to deliver solutions to customers faster than ever. This will be illustrated by several examples of how the HTR capability has had a major impact at Dow. [source] Skill Is Not Enough: Seeking Connectedness and Authority in MediationNEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004Christopher Honeyman Coauthor Christopher Honeyman was struck by the flagging "marketability" of mainstream professionally trained mediators in the U.S. More and more parties were choosing retired judges and other practitioners who were not classically trained mediators to help them resolve their disputes. Searching for an explanation of this phenomenon, Honeyman found a possible answer in Melbourne, Australia, where he listened with a Western ear to the presentations of coauthors Loretta Kelly and Bee Chen Goh about the importance of connectedness and individual perceptions of authority to the parties in the mediation of indigenous disputes. In this article, the authors present case histories from Australia and Malaysia to illustrate these concepts. They contend the same concepts are behind the shifting of the market for mediation in the United States. [source] Meaning and normativity in nurse,patient interactionNURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2007Halvor Nordby phd Abstract, It is a fundamental assumption in nursing theory that it is important for nurses to understand how patients think about themselves and the contexts they are in. According to modern theories of hermeneutics, a nurse and a patient must share the same concepts in order to communicate beliefs with the same content. But nurses and patients seldom understand medical concepts in exactly the same way, so how can this communicative aim be achieved in interaction involving medical concepts? The article uses a theory of concepts from recent cognitive science and philosophy of mind to argue that nurses and patients can share medical concepts despite the diversity of understanding. According to this theory, two persons who understand medical language in different ways will nevertheless possess the same medical concepts if they agree about the normative standards for the applications of the concepts. This entails that nurses and patients normally share medical concepts even though patients' conceptions of disease and illness are formed in idiosyncratic ways by their social and cultural contexts. Several practical implications of this argument are discussed and linked to case studies. One especially important point is that nurses should seek to make patients feel comfortable with deferring to a medical understanding. In many cases, an adequate understanding of patients presupposes that nurses manage to do this. Another implication is that deference-willingness to normative meaning is not equivalent to the actual application of concepts. Deference-willingness should rather be thought of as a pre-communicative attitude that it is possible for patients who are not fully able to communicate to possess. What is important is that nurses and patients have the intention of conforming to the same meaning. [source] The Challenge of New SciencePERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2007Gordon Rowland A wide range of developments in science in recent years has altered our views of our world and ourselves in significant ways. These views challenge the direction of applied science and technology in many fields, including those associated with learning and performance in organizations. At the same time, they open up opportunities and possibilities. To take advantage, new approaches based on different assumptions are implied. This article summarizes a set of concepts associated with complexity and relates them to work in organizations. The final article of the issue then relates these same concepts to human performance technology. [source] Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and Myocardial Protection: More than Glycemic ControlCLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Anjali V. Fields MD Pharmacologic intervention for the failing heart has traditionally targeted neurohormonal activation and ventricular remodeling associated with cardiac dysfunction. Despite the multitude of agents available for the treatment of heart failure, it remains a highly prevalent clinical syndrome with substantial morbidity and mortality, necessitating alternative strategies of targeted management. One such area of interest is the ability to modulate myocardial glucose uptake and its impact on cardioprotection. Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusions have been studied for decades, with conflicting results regarding benefit in acute myocardial infarction. Based on the same concepts, glucagon-like peptide-1-[7,36] amide (GLP-1) has recently been demonstrated to be a more effective alternative in left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. This paper provides a review on the current evidence supporting the use of GLP-1 in both animal models and humans with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||