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Same Age Groups (same + age_groups)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence of dental trauma in 5,6- and 12,14-year-old boys in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Ibrahim Al-Majed Abstract , This study involved 354 boys aged 5,6 years and 862 boys aged 12,14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. All children were examined at school by a single dental examiner, using criteria similar to those employed in the survey of children's dental health in the United Kingdom. The prevalence of dental trauma in 354 Saudi boys aged 5,6 years was 33%. The most common type of dental trauma was fracture of enamel (71%) followed by loss of tooth due to trauma (13%), fracture into enamel and dentine (7%), discolouration (5%), pulp involvement (4%). No relationship between the degree of overjet and the occurrence of dental trauma in the primary dentition was observed. The prevalence of dental trauma in 862 12,14-year-old boys was 34%. The commonest dental trauma was fracture of enamel (74%) followed by fracture into enamel and dentine (15%), fracture into enamel-dentine and pulp (5%), loss of tooth due to trauma (3%), and discolouration (0.4%). A significant relationship (P=0.02) between the increased overjet (, 6 mm) and the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent dentition was reported. The present study found no evidence of dental care provided for traumatised primary incisors in 5,6-year-old boys. The treatment of dental trauma in 12,14-year-old boys was negligible (2.4%). The present Saudi Arabian study showed higher prevalence of dental trauma in 5,6- and 12,14-year-old boys than the reported results of the United Kingdom Children's Dental Health Survey of the same age groups. [source] Sonographic measurement of calcaneal volume for determination of skeletal age in childrenJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 9 2003Hanan Sherif MD Abstract Purpose The purposes of this study were first to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of using sonographic measurements of volume of the ossified part of the calcaneus to determine skeletal age in healthy children and second, to provide normal ranges of this volume by sex and age up to 6 years. Methods Four hundred normal girls and boys ranging in age from 1 day to 6 years were examined sonographically to determine the volume of the calcaneal ossification center. The children were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group (300 children) was used to determine normal values for the mean calcaneal volume by age and sex. The second group (100 children) was used to validate those normal values. Results The sonographically determined volume of the calcaneal ossification center correlated well with the chronologic age of the children. The calcaneal ossification centers of boys were larger than those of girls within the same age groups from ages 2 to 10 months, but from 11 months to 6 years old, they were larger in the girls. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. The volume of the calcaneal ossification center increased the most between the first and second years of life, reaching 183% and 140% in girls and boys, respectively. Using the normal values obtained from the first group, we correctly predicted the chronologic age in 91% of children in the validation group. Among the remaining 9%, the error in prediction of chronologic age never exceeded 1 age interval. Conclusions The use of sonography provides a quantitative means of measuring calcaneal volume, and its use is feasible for determining skeletal age in children. The normal values we obtained may be used as a baseline for sonographic assessment of skeletal maturation and diagnosis of growth retardation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:457,460, 2003 [source] Bioavailability and disposition of sodium and procaine penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) administered orally with milk to calvesJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 3 2001J. M. B. Musser Eighteen 1-week-old Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) sodium penicillin G administered intravenously, (b) sodium penicillin G administered orally, or (c) procaine penicillin G administered orally. All calves were dosed with penicillin G at 4.0 mg/kg BW. At 5 weeks of age, the calves were dosed again. Blood samples were taken serially for 24 h after both dosings. Plasma was assayed for penicillin G by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For i.v. administration, the area under the concentration,time curve (AUC), 7456 and 5508 ng/mL h, and systemic clearance, 0.54 and 0.73 L/kg h, were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 1 and 5 weeks of age, respectively. There were no significant differences between orally administered sodium and procaine penicillin G within the same age groups. Following oral (p.o.) administration, there were significant differences (P < 0.01) at 1 and 5 weeks of age in the AUC, 760 and 409 ng/mL h, terminal half-life, 2.1 and 1.6 h, time of maximum concentration (TMAX), 3.0 and 2.3 h, and maximum plasma concentration (CMAX), 85 and 58 ng/mL, respectively. Bioavailability was 10.2 and 7.4% at 1 and 5 weeks, respectively. [source] Salt fluoridation and dental caries in JamaicaCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Saskia R. Estupiñán-Day Abstract ,Purpose: In 1987, Jamaica initiated a comprehensive island-wide salt fluoridation program. A survey was conducted in 1995 to monitor the impact of salt fluoridation among children in Jamaica. Methods: Dental examinations of 1120 children aged 6,8, 12, and 15 years were conducted according to World Health Organization criteria to assess dental caries, fluorosis, the presence of and need for dental sealants, and Community Periodontal Treatment Needs (CPI). Results: Age specific DMFT means observed in 1995 were 0.2 at age 7, 0.4 at age 8, 1.1 at age 12 and 3.0 at age 15. The mean DMFT scores in children 6, 12 and 15 years of age were dramatically lower than the corresponding scores of 1.7, 6.7 and 9.6 obtained at the baseline examination in 1984 for children of the same age groups, respectively (baseline data for 7- and 8-year-olds were not collected). The mean percentage of sound permanent teeth for all age groups was 90% in 1995. The percentage of children caries-free at baseline was 27.6% for 6 years, 2.8% for 12 years and 0.3% for 15 years of age. In 1995, the percentage of caries-free children (permanent teeth) was 61%. In 1984, 23 children were scored as having very mild or mild fluorosis. In 1995, five children were scored in the same categories of fluorosis, using Dean's criteria; thus, fluorosis remained at negligible levels in 1995. Conclusions: The oral health survey conducted in Jamaica in 1995 indicated a significant decline in dental caries compared with findings in 1984. The major change in Jamaica during the interval was the introduction of salt fluoridation in 1987. Dental fluorosis was low in the 1995 survey. [source] | ||||||||||