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Salivary Immunoglobulin (salivary + immunoglobulin)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Salivary immunoglobulin A directed to oral microbial GroEL in patients with periodontitis and their potential protective role

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2006
M. Fukui
The aim of this study was to identify salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) directed to oral microbial GroEL in patients with periodontitis and to demonstrate their potential protective role through a reduction of inflammatory cytokine production induced by microbial GroEL. Using five different proteins belonging to the heat-shock protein 60 family, Western immunoblot analysis of salivary IgA from 63 subjects revealed immunoreactivities with Campylobacter rectus GroEL and Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL in subjects with periodontitis (P < 0.05) compared to control subjects. Using the BIACORE 1000 to measure the salivary IgA titers directed towards C. rectus GroEL, high resonance unit (RU) values were observed in the saliva samples from patients with periodontitis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the number of teeth with deep pocket depth (,5 mm) showed a high correlation coefficient with the RU value (r = 0.50, P < 0.01). C. rectus GroEL possessed the ability to stimulate the production of interleukin-6 by gingival fibroblasts. Interestingly, salivary IgA antibody directed to C. rectus GroEL caused a partial inhibition of interleukin-6 production. This study showed a relationship between high levels of salivary IgA directed to GroEL and periodontal disease severity. Although additional investigations are required, salivary IgA to GroEL may have a protective role by reducing the inflammatory response induced by GroEL derived from periodontopathogenic bacteria. [source]

Analysis of Streptococcus mutans biofilm proteins recognized by salivary immunoglobulin A

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
T. Sanui
Introduction:, The purpose of this study was to examine the Streptococcus mutans biofilm cellular proteins recognized by immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva from various caries-defined populations. Methods:, Biofilm and planktonic S. mutans UA159 cells were prepared. The proteins were extracted, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to blotting membranes, and probed for IgA using individual saliva samples from three groups of subjects; those who developed 0 caries (no active caries), 5,9 caries (medium), or more than 10 caries (severe) over a 12-month interval. Results:, Several proteins were recognized by salivary IgA in all groups of saliva but spot distribution and intensity varied greatly between the groups, and some proteins were recognized more strongly in biofilm cells than in planktonic culture, and vice versa. Furthermore, 15 proteins were only recognized by saliva from the ,no active caries' group, and four proteins were recognized by saliva samples from subjects in all three groups. Specifically, antigen I/II was recognized less in biofilm cells by caries-free saliva compared with planktonic cells. However, salivary IgA antibody to antigen I/II was absent in blots using saliva from the ,medium caries' and ,severe caries' groups. Conclusion:, The bacterial molecules recognized by caries-free saliva are significant factors for S. mutans caries formation, and their inhibition could be a therapeutic target. In addition, saliva of caries-free subjects includes significant IgA antibody against antigen I/II of S. mutans, indicating a protective mechanism. However, microorganisms may protect themselves from host immune attack by forming biofilms and decreasing expression of antigen I/II. [source]

Salivary immunoglobulin A directed to oral microbial GroEL in patients with periodontitis and their potential protective role

Low salivary IgA activity to cell-surface antigens of mutans streptococci related to HLA-DRB1*04

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
M. L. L. Wallengren
Background/aims:, Mutans streptococci are found in almost all individuals, though there are large differences in colonization levels between individuals. These differences are not readily explained, though several factors are believed to influence the colonization. One factor is the immune response to mutans streptococci, mainly provided by salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA). In a previous study, differences in salivary IgA reactions to oral streptococci were observed between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4-positive and DR4-negative individuals. A lower salivary IgA activity to Streptococcus mutans in particular was most pronounced for two DR4 subgroups, DRB1*0401 and *0404. The main purpose of this study was to further investigate, in a larger study group, the salivary IgA activity to antigens of three oral streptococci in relation to different HLA-DRB1*04 alleles. Methods:, Stimulated saliva was collected from 58 HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals. Whole cell antigen extracts from S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus parasanguis and the streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II were separated in SDS-PAGE, transblotted and detected with diluted saliva (Western blot), and analyzed in a computer program. All distinct immunoblot bands over 100 kDa were recorded and compared in relation to DRB1*04. Results:, The immunoblots revealed lower salivary IgA reactions to S. mutans, S. sobrinus and SA I/II, but not to S. parasanguis, for the DRB1*0401- and *0404-positive individuals compared to other DRB1*04 types. For the *0401 subgroup there was a significant association with a lower IgA response to S. mutans. Conclusion:, The results confirm earlier observations and may also support previous demonstrated association between colonization by mutans streptococci and the serologically defined HLA-DR4. [source]

Human salivary immunoglobulin and antigen-specific antibody activity after tonsillectomy

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2001
N. K. Childers
The importance of the lymphoid tissue collectively known as Waldeyer's ring, which includes the palatine, lingual and nasopharyngeal tonsils, in the induction and contribution of specific antibody responses in human saliva is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels differ in quantity and quality between subjects who have had a tonsillectomy and age, sex and race-matched controls. Parotid saliva, whole saliva, and blood serum samples were collected from 25 volunteer children who had undergone tonsillectomy (T,) within 6,14 months of sampling and from 25 age, sex and race-matched controls. The levels of total IgA (and subclasses) in saliva, and of antigen-specific salivary IgA and serum IgA and IgG antibodies to 4,9 relevant antigens were analyzed by ELISA. No significant difference was observed in the mean total IgA and IgA subclass levels in parotid and whole saliva, although the mean levels for children with a T, were slightly lower. Children with a T, had significantly higher parotid salivary IgA and IgA1 specific/total activity than controls. The total and specific whole saliva IgA and the specific serum IgA or IgG activities were not significantly different from controls. These results indicate an association between the removal of tonsils and increased levels of specific IgA activity in parotid saliva within the first year after a T,. [source]

Salivary IgA and IgG subclasses in oral mucosal diseases

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 6 2002
S Sistig
OBJECTIVE:,It was hypothesized that serum levels of immunoglobulins may play a role in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases, or reflect clinical changes in these conditions, but little is known about the role of salivary immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG subclasses in patients with oral mucosal inflammatory diseases. SUBJECTS and METHODS:,Levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and IgA1 and IgA2 by radial immunodiffusion in the resting whole saliva of 31 patients with acute recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) (and followed in remission), 11 patients with chronic hyperplastic candidal infection (CHC), 12 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), six patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), and 18 healthy volunteers using the normal saliva as a comparison point for all. RESULTS:,IgG and IgA subclasses were increased in OLP. In CHC all IgG subclasses were increased while IgA1 was decreased, IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 levels were increased in SS, while all IgG subclasses as well as IgA2 were increased in acute RAU in comparison with healthy controls. No differences in any immunoglobulin subclasses between major and minor acute RAU were found. In remission, IgG1 and IgG4 returned to normal values while IgG2, IgG3, and IgA2 remained increased in patients with RAU. CONCLUSION:,Salivary immunoglobulin subclasses vary in different oral mucosal conditions and may play a role in oral mucosal inflammatory diseases and/or reflect clinical changes in these conditions. [source]

Allergic diseases and asthma in relation to serum immunoglobulins and salivary immunoglobulin A in pre-school children: a follow-up community-based study

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 1 2005
B. R. Lúðvíksson
Summary Background We have previously reported an association between low IgA and allergic manifestations in early childhood (0,2 years) and have now followed our cohort for an additional 2 years. Objective To evaluate in a longitudinal community-based cohort study the association between maturation of Ig production and allergic manifestations in the first 4 years of life. Methods A cohort of 161 randomly selected children was followed from birth to the age of 42,48 months and evaluated at 18,23 months (EV1; n=179) and again at the age of 42,48 months (EV2; n=161). Diagnoses were made with the help of a clinical questionnaire, physical examination and skin prick tests (SPTs) to 10 common allergens. Serum immunoglobulins were measured at EV1 and EV2, and salivary IgA (sal-IgA) at EV2. Results Serum IgA, IgE, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 increased from 2 to 4 years of age (P<0.001) and their levels showed close correlations (P0.01 for most comparisons). Children with one or more positive SPTs had lower serum IgA (P=0.004) and IgG4 (P=0.05) at EV2 than those who did not respond, and children who developed allergic rhinitis between EV1 and EV2 had low sal-IgA (P=0.006) and IgG3 (P<0.05) at EV2. Atopic eczema was associated with low sal-IgA at EV2, and children who developed eczema between EV1 and EV2 had significantly lower sal-IgA than those who recovered after EV1 (P=0.02). Conclusion Allergic manifestations in predisposed children may be influenced by the rate of maturation of immunological components that counteract sensitization or inhibit effector mechanisms of allergy. [source]