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Saliva Production (saliva + production)
Selected AbstractsXerostomia: 12-Month changes in saliva production and its relationship to perception and performance of swallow function, oral intake, and diet after chemoradiationHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 6 2003Jeri A. Logemann PhD Abstract Background. Previous investigators have found permanent changes in saliva production after chemoradiation but have not examined these in relation to swallowing measures, diet changes, and patient comfort over time. Methods. Thirty patients with advanced stage cancer of the oropharynx treated with chemoradiation were followed with videofluoroscopic swallow studies, a measure of stimulated total saliva production, a questionnaire of their perception of dry mouth, and a questionnaire on the nature of their oral intake at pretreatment until 12 months after treatment. Results. Saliva declined significantly from pretreatment to 12 months. Swallowing-related complaints increased significantly over the 12 months, especially in patients with lower saliva weights. Diet choices increased over time after treatment, except crunchy foods. Swallow measures did not relate to saliva weight. Conclusions. Reduced saliva weight does not correlate with slowed or inefficient swallow. Instead, reduced saliva weight seems to change patients' perceptions of their swallowing ability and, on that basis, their diet choices. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 432,437, 2003 [source] A Functional Polymorphism of the , -Opioid Receptor Gene (OPRM1) Influences Cue-Induced Craving for Alcohol in Male Heavy DrinkersALCOHOLISM, Issue 1 2007Esther Van Den Wildenberg Background: The , -opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) codes for the , -opioid receptor, which binds , -endorphin. The A118G polymorphism in this gene affects , -endorphin binding such that the Asp40 variant (G allele) binds , -endorphin 3 times more tightly than the more common Asn40 variant (A allele). This study investigated the influence of the A118G polymorphism on cue reactivity after exposure to an alcoholic beverage in male heavy drinkers. Methods: Participants were either homozygous for the A allele (n=84) or carrying at least 1 copy of the G allele (n=24). All participants took part in a cue-reactivity paradigm where they were exposed to water and beer in 3-minute trials. The dependent variables of main interest were subjective craving for alcohol, subjective arousal, and saliva production. Results: G allele carriers reported significantly more craving for alcohol than the A allele participants (as indicated by the within-subject difference in craving after beer vs after water exposure). No differences were found for subjective arousal and saliva. Both groups did not differ in family history of alcoholism. Participants with the G allele reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of drug use than participants homozygous for the A allele. Conclusions: A stronger urge to drink alcohol after exposure to an alcoholic beverage might contribute to a heightened risk for developing alcohol-related problems in individuals with a copy of the G allele. The G allele might also predispose to drug use in general. [source] Double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of drooling in parkinsonismMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 6 2003Francesca Mancini MD Abstract Drooling is a frequent symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), occurring in almost 75% of all patients. Although it is now well known that drooling in PD is the result of swallowing difficulties rather than excessive saliva production, few treatments have been developed to reduce it. Clinical studies suggest that botulinum toxin A (BTX) injections into salivary glands are effective in decreasing drooling in PD patients. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 20 patients with parkinsonism (idiopathic PD or multiple system atrophy), were randomly assigned to receive 450 U of BTX (Dysport; Ipsen, Berkshire, UK) or 2 ml of placebo, injected into the parotids and submandibular glands under ultrasonographic guidance. Treatment efficacy and safety were assessed at baseline, 1 week and 3 months after BTX injections using clinical scales (Drooling Severity and Drooling Frequency scales) and side effects surveillance. After treatment, the average secretion of saliva in the BTX group was significantly lower than in the placebo group, as appraised by clinical measurements. No side effects were observed in either group. BTX injection into parotids and submandibular glands, under ultrasonographic guidance, is an effective and safe treatment for drooling in parkinsonism. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society [source] Secretion and cell volume regulation by salivary acinar cells from mice lacking expression of the Clcn3 Cl, channel geneTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Jorge Arreola Salivary gland acinar cells shrink when Cl, currents are activated following cell swelling induced by exposure to a hypotonic solution or in response to calcium-mobilizing agonists. The molecular identity of the Cl, channel(s) in salivary cells involved in these processes is unknown, although ClC-3 has been implicated in several tissues as a cell-volume-sensitive Cl, channel. We found that cells isolated from mice with targeted disruption of the Clcn3 gene undergo regulatory volume decrease in a fashion similar to cells from wild-type littermates. Consistent with a normal regulatory volume decrease response, the magnitude and the kinetics of the swell-activated Cl, currents in cells from ClC-3-deficient mice were equivalent to those from wild-type mice. It has also been suggested that ClC-3 is activated by Ca2+ -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; however, the magnitude of the Ca2+ -dependent Cl, current was unchanged in the Clcn3,/- animals. In addition, we observed that ClC-3 appeared to be highly expressed in the smooth muscle cells of glandular blood vessels, suggesting a potential role for this channel in saliva production by regulating blood flow, yet the volume and ionic compositions of in vivo stimulated saliva from wild-type and null mutant animals were comparable. Finally, in some cells ClC-3 is an intracellular channel that is thought to be involved in vesicular acidification and secretion. Nevertheless, the protein content of saliva was unchanged in Clcn3,/- mice. Our results demonstrate that the ClC-3 Cl, channel is not a major regulator of acinar cell volume, nor is it essential for determining the secretion rate and composition of saliva. [source] Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate: Biologic Variation and Measure Error,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 10 2004Peter H. Jongerius MD Abstract Objective: To investigate the applicability of the swab method in the measurement of salivary flow rate in multiple-handicap drooling children. To quantify the measurement error of the procedure and the biologic variation in the population. Study Design: Cohort study. Methods: In a repeated measurements design, a baseline series of salivary flow rates were obtained from 45 children. The within-subject SD (SW) was calculated to express the measurements error according to a procedure introduced by Bland and Altman. Results: Two hundred twenty-four samples (mean 0.40 mL/min, SD 0.19 mL/min) were obtained and analyzed. The results of this study indicate that consistent scores were obtained at subsequent measurements, and good parity existed between the two measurements of salivary flow rate at each session. The SW could be estimated (0.11 mL/min), which was applied to quantify the specific variation of the salivary flow rate in our population. Conclusion: According to Bland and Altman, the SW, which is a quantification of the measurement error and biologic variation, was found to be a useful tool to evaluate the obtained baseline salivary flow rate measurements. The swab method can be used to evaluate salivary flow rates in drooling children with cerebral palsy during interventional studies that aim to reduce saliva production. [source] Antimuscarinic antibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome reversibly inhibit the mechanism of fluid secretion by human submandibular salivary acinar cellsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2006L. J. Dawson Objective Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune condition affecting salivary glands, for which a clearly defined pathogenic autoantibody has yet to be identified. Autoantibodies that bind to the muscarinic M3 receptors (M3R), which regulate fluid secretion in salivary glands, have been proposed in this context. However, there are no previous data that directly show antisecretory activity. This study was undertaken to investigate and characterize the antisecretory activity of anti-M3R. Methods Microfluorimetric Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp electrophysiologic techniques were used to measure the secretagogue-evoked increase in [Ca2+]i and consequent activation of Ca2+ -dependent ion channels in individual mouse and human submandibular acinar cells. Together, these techniques form a sensitive bioassay that was used to determine whether IgG isolated from patients with primary SS and from control subjects has antisecretory activity. Results IgG (2 mg/ml) from patients with primary SS reduced the carbachol-evoked increase in [Ca2+]i in both mouse and human acinar cells by ,50%. IgG from control subjects had no effect on the Ca2+ signal. Furthermore, the inhibitory action of primary SS patient IgG on the Ca2+ signal was acutely reversible. We repeated our observations using rabbit serum containing antibodies raised against the second extracellular loop of M3R and found an identical pattern of acutely reversible inhibition. Anti-M3R,positive serum had no effect on Ca2+ -dependent ion channel activation evoked by the direct intracellular infusion of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. Conclusion These observations show for the first time that IgG from patients with primary SS contains autoantibodies capable of damaging saliva production and contributing to xerostomia. The unusual but not unprecedented acute reversibility of the effects of anti-M3 autoantibodies is the subject of further research. [source] | ||||||||||