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Sales Volume (sales + volume)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting60%

Selected Abstracts

The Product Piracy Conflict Matrix , Finding Solutions to Prevent Product Piracy

CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2009
Günther Schuh
Product and brand piracy has developed into a worldwide mass phenomenon. Affected companies are not only burdened with commercial losses such as lost sales volume and lower sales prices, but also by decreasing brand value and company reputation, lower licence revenues and, finally, costs for counteracting product piracy. Companies are gradually facing up to the challenge and taking action. Besides legal measures, an increasing number of firms are also willing to implement strategic and technical measures in their organizations or products respectively. A number of non-legal mechanisms have recently been identified, and efforts to structure these mechanisms are in progress. However, so far systematic, methodological guidance in matching mechanisms with specific products and corporate boundary conditions is basically non-existent. Focusing on this issue, the paper introduces a new TRIZ-based method to create solutions concerning product piracy. The so-called Product Piracy Conflict matrix (PPC matrix) resembles the well-established TRIZ contradiction table and has been designed to help companies create powerful protection concepts while avoiding undesired or harmful effects within their own value chains. [source]

Environmental Impacts of Consumption in the European Union:High-Resolution Input-Output Tables with Detailed Environmental Extensions

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Gjalt Huppes
Summary For developing product policy, insight into the environmental effects of products is required. But available life-cycle assessment studies (LCAs) are hardly comparable between different products and do not cover total consumption. Input-output analysis with environmental extensions (EEIOA) of full consumption is not available for the European Union. Available country studies have a low sector resolution and a limited number of environmental extensions. This study fills the gap between detailed LCA and low-resolution EEIOA, specifying the environmental effects of household consumption in the European Union, discerning nearly 500 sectors, while specifying a large number of environmental extensions. Added to the production sectors are a number of consumption activities with direct emissions, such as automobile driving, cooking and heating, and a number of postconsumer waste management sectors. The data for Europe have been constructed by using the sparse available and coarse economic and environmental data on European countries and adding technological detail mainly based on data from the United States. A small number of products score high on environmental impact per Euro and also have a substantial share of overall consumer expenditure. Several meat and dairy products, household heating, and car driving thus have a large share of the total environmental impact. Due to their sales volume, however, products with a medium or low environmental score per Euro may also have a substantial impact. This is the case with bars and restaurants, clothing, residential construction, and even a service such as telecommunications. The limitations in real European data made heroic assumptions necessary to operationalize the model. One conclusion, therefore, is that provision of data in Europe urgently needs to be improved, at least to the level of sector detail currently available for the United States and Japan. [source]

Herding in online product choice

PSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 5 2006
Jen-Hung Huang
Previous research has shown that people are influenced by others when making decisions. This work presents three studies examining herding in product choices on the Internet. The first two studies addressed how two cues frequently found on the Internet, that is, sales volume and customer reviews, influence consumer on-line product choices. The third study examined the relative effectiveness of two recommendation sources. The experimental results revealed that subjects used the choices and evaluations of others as cues for making their own choices. However, herding effects are offset significantly by negative comments from others. Additionally, the recommendations of other consumers influence the choices of subjects more effectively than recommendations from an expert. Finally, implications of this work are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

The Protection of Origins for Agricultural Products and Foods in Europe: Status Quo, Problems and Policy Recommendations for the Green Book

THE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Issue 6 2009
Adriano Profeta
The protection of geographical indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs is one of the major pillars of the Common European Agricultural Policy and has become an important part of the transition from supporting commodity markets to enabling producers to market goods which satisfy consumer tastes. According to estimates, a total annual sales volume of approximately ,14 bn is generated with protected geographical indications (PGI) and protected designations of origin (PDO). Nevertheless, the increase in utilization of the protection systems made obvious a number of problems in the practical application of the law. The Commission recognized these criticisms and announced a discussion on the regulation that was to commence officially in the autumn of 2008 with a Green Book about the PDO/PGI protection regime. In this context, the most recent problems are discussed and proposals are made that should be taken into account in order to accomplish the main goals of the regulation. Therefore this article is addressed to agricultural policy makers, consumer associations, as well as food producers and producer associations in Europe in order to provide a starting point for the Green Book debate. [source]

Direct sale of information when precision is unobservable

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2004
Saltuk Ozerturk
I show that the seller can verify her precision by employing a non-linear contract. I derive the equilibrium fee for information as a function of the seller's incentives, the sales volume, and buyers' trading intensity. I also analyse the implications of allowing the seller to trade on her own account for truthfulness and precision choice. JEL Classification: G11, G14, D42 La vente directe d'information quand la précision n'est pas observable., Ce mémoire étudie les incitations d'un vendeur d'information à fournir de l'information précise quand la précision n'est pas observable et que des investisseurs qui ont des anticipations rationnelles peuvent extraire de l'information du prix d'équilibre d'un actif. L'auteur montre que le vendeur peut vérifier sa précision à l'aide d'un contrat non linéaire, et dérive le prix d'équilibre pour l'information comme fonction des incitations du vendeur, du volume de ventes, et de l'intensité de transactions des acheteurs. On analyse aussi les implications qu'entraîne la possibilité pour le vendeur de transiger pour son propre compte sur le choix du degré de précision et de vérité. [source]