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Safe Way (safe + way)
Selected AbstractsDepigmentation Therapy with Q-Switched Ruby Laser After Tanning in Vitiligo UniversalisDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2001Young-Jo Kim MD Background. In vitiligo universalis, repigmentation therapy is seldom effective. Besides, bleaching cream which is often used in depigmentation therapy may lead to several serious complications. Objective. Q-switched (QS) ruby laser can destroy melanosomes in melanocytes and keratinocytes by selective photothermolysis. Methods. We have attempted to destroy melanocytes by using the QS ruby laser after tanning in a patient with extensive vitiligo. Results. The patient had excellent results with no evidence of repigmentation after 1 year. Conclusion. Depigmentation therapy with QS ruby laser after tanning is an effective and safe way of removing remnants of normal pigmentation in patients with vitiligo universalis. [source] HDAC inhibitor valproic acid enhances tumor cell kill in adenovirus-HSVtk mediated suicide gene therapy in HNSCC xenograft mouse modelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2010Vishal Kothari Abstract Safety, efficacy and enhanced transgene expression are the primary concerns while using any vector for gene therapy. One of the widely used vectors in clinical trials is adenovirus which provides a safe way to deliver the therapeutic gene. However, adenovirus has poor transduction efficiency in vivo since most tumor cells express low coxsackie and adenovirus receptors. Similarly transgene expression remains low, possibly because of the chromatization of adenoviral genome upon infection in eukaryotic cells, an effect mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Using a recombinant adenovirus (Ad-HSVtk) carrying the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSVtk) and GFP genes we demonstrate that HDAC inhibitor valproic acid can bring about an increase in CAR expression on host cells and thereby enhanced Ad-HSVtk infectivity. It also resulted in an increase in transgene (HSVtk and GFP) expression. This, in turn, resulted in increased cell kill of HNSCC cells, following ganciclovir treatment in vitro as well as in vivo in a xenograft nude mouse model. [source] Effect of 8-Month Vertical Whole Body Vibration on Bone, Muscle Performance, and Body Balance: A Randomized Controlled Study,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003Saila Torvinen MD Abstract Recent animal studies have given evidence that vibration loading may be an efficient and safe way to improve mass and mechanical competence of bone, thus providing great potential for preventing and treating osteoporosis. Randomized controlled trials on the safety and efficacy of the vibration on human skeleton are, however, lacking. This randomized controlled intervention trial was designed to assess the effects of an 8-month whole body vibration intervention on bone, muscular performance, and body balance in young and healthy adults. Fifty-six volunteers (21 men and 35 women; age, 19-38 years) were randomly assigned to the vibration group or control group. The vibration intervention consisted of an 8-month whole body vibration (4 min/day, 3-5 times per week). During the 4-minute vibration program, the platform oscillated in an ascending order from 25 to 45 Hz, corresponding to estimated maximum vertical accelerations from 2g to 8g. Mass, structure, and estimated strength of bone at the distal tibia and tibial shaft were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at baseline and at 8 months. Bone mineral content was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter, calcaneus, and distal radius using DXA at baseline and after the 8-month intervention. Serum markers of bone turnover were determined at baseline and 3, 6, and 8 months. Five performance tests (vertical jump, isometric extension strength of the lower extremities, grip strength, shuttle run, and postural sway) were performed at baseline and after the 8-month intervention. The 8-month vibration intervention succeeded well and was safe to perform but had no effect on mass, structure, or estimated strength of bone at any skeletal site. Serum markers of bone turnover did not change during the vibration intervention. However, at 8 months, a 7.8% net benefit in the vertical jump height was observed in the vibration group (95% CI, 2.8-13.1%; p = 0.003). On the other performance and balance tests, the vibration intervention had no effect. In conclusion, the studied whole body vibration program had no effect on bones of young, healthy adults, but instead, increased vertical jump height. Future human studies are needed before clinical recommendations for vibration exercise. [source] Biosecurity and the Various Types of Embryos TransferredREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 4 2006M Thibier Contents The aim of the present paper was to review some features related to the risk analysis of three types of embryos to be transferred, namely the in vivo derived, the in vitro produced and the cloned ones. For in vivo -collected embryos, a considerable number of experiments and scientific investigations have been performed and hundreds of thousands of embryos are transferred annually with no contamination of associated diseases. Provided that the code of practice such as that published by the International Embryo Transfer Society is strictly followed by the embryo transfer practitioners, the statement made some 17 years ago saying that the in vivo -derived embryo transfer was the safest way of exchanging genes remains entirely true, thanks to the professionalism of the embryo transfer industry. For the in vitro -produced embryos, some particular rules have to be followed because of specific risks for some pathogens to strongly adhere to the zona pellucida of such embryos. There are some means to monitor and control those effects, and the transfer of in vitro -produced embryos can also be a very safe way to exchange genes around the world. The third type of embryos, the cloned ones, is a quite different category and the risk analysis to be soundly made still needs a lot of investigations so as to characterize the potential risks if there are, in terms not only of disease transmission but also in terms of public health, zoonotic risks as well as those related to quality and safety of food. The problem in this regard, is more directly addressed for offspring of clones than to the cloned embryos themselves. Published data on this issue are increasing in numbers so that progress in that area is expected in the few years to come. [source] Porphyrin-Functionalized Dendrimers: Synthesis and Application as Recyclable Photocatalysts in a Nanofiltration Membrane ReactorCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 22 2005Suhas A. Chavan Dr. Abstract The convergent synthesis of a series of porphyrin-functionalized pyrimidine dendrimers has been accomplished by a procedure involving the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) as a key reaction step. The resulting dendritic porphyrin catalysts show high activity in the light-induced generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) from ground-state oxygen. These materials are synthetically useful photosensitizers for the oxidation of various olefinic compounds to the corresponding allylic hydroperoxides. Catalytic activities and regio- and stereoselectivities of the dendritic photosensitizers are comparable to those observed for mononuclear porphyrin catalysts. Recycling of the dendrimer-enlarged homogeneous photocatalysts was possible by solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) by using an oxidatively stable membrane consisting of a polysiloxane polymer and ultrastable Y zeolite as inorganic filler. Moreover, this membrane technology provides a safe way to isolate the hydroperoxide products under very mild conditions. The membrane showed high retention for the macromolecular catalysts, even in chlorinated solvents, but some oxidative degradation of the porphyrin units of the dendrimer was observed over multiple catalytic runs. [source] How to safely compost Cameraria ohridella -infested horse chestnut leaf litter on private compost heapsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 9-10 2004P. Kehrli Abstract:, The horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella (Lep., Gracillariidae) is a recently introduced invasive pest, which frequently defoliates horse chestnut trees Aesculus hippocastanum already in summer. Currently, the removal of leaf litter, in which pupae of C. ohridella hibernate, is the only effective short-term control measure available. In the past the deposition of pest-infested litter on private compost heaps was dissuaded because of the risk of leafminer emergence in the following spring. Thus, the aim of this study was to test safe ways to compost pest-infested horse chestnut leaf litter on small heaps so that private gardeners can save the costs for leaf disposal. The number of C. ohridella adults emerging from heaps covered with either soil or uninfested foliage was reduced by 96% compared with controls. Only single leafminers emerged from the top covered heaps and there was no difference between the use of soil or uninfested foliage as cover. However, cover did not prevent the emergence of a few leafminers over the sides of the heaps. Overall, we conclude that it is relatively safe to compost C. ohridella -infested A. hippocastanum leaf litter on small compost heaps provided they are properly covered. [source] Managing alcohol-related problems among Indigenous Australians: what the literature tells usAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2010Dennis Gray Abstract Objective: To contextualise and provide an overview of two review papers , prepared as part of a larger research program , dealing with different aspects of the treatment of Indigenous Australians with alcohol-related problems. Method: The papers were reviewed thematically and compared to identify key issues raised in them. Findings: Together, the papers highlight the paucity of the evidence base for the provision of treatment for Indigenous Australians with alcohol-related problems. Among the key issues identified are: the need to engage with clients in culturally safe ways; practitioner, organisational and client barriers to engagement; the contexts in which Indigenous drinking and treatment take place; the need to develop rigorous methods of evaluation more appropriate to Indigenous cultural and service provision settings; and the importance of effective partnerships in the provision of services. Conclusion: For those working in the field, the reviews direct attention to the need to review and interrogate our current practice. They also provide clear directions for future research. [source] Learning from the past, looking to the future: Exploring our place with Indigenous AustraliansAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Alison Nelson This paper aims to explore ways in which we as occupational therapists in Australia can participate in enabling a different and better future for all Australians. In doing so, it is necessary to explore our history and our cultures, both individually and collectively as a profession, and to understand the ways in which these shape who we are and what we do. As occupational therapists, we have valuable knowledge and skills that have the potential to contribute in a positive way to the health and educational outcomes of Indigenous Australians. As a profession operating in Australia, we also have a responsibility to reach this potential. This paper aims to present some of these contributions and to provide examples of practical and culturally safe ways in which we can take action. [source] | ||||||||||