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Sanitary Conditions (sanitary + condition)
Selected AbstractsViruses of grapevine in SyriaEPPO BULLETIN, Issue 3 2006T. Mslmanieh Surveys for virus and virus-like diseases were carried out in commercial vineyards and nurseries in seven different Syrian provinces (Aleppo, Dara'a, As Suwayda, Al Qunaytirah, Homs, Hamah, Tartous). Samples were collected at random from 835 individual vines (735 Vitis vinifera and 100 rootstock accessions) for laboratory testing. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and Grapevine virus A (GVA) were the only viruses recovered by mechanical transmission to herbaceous hosts. Vein necrosis developed in c. 53% of graft-inoculated 110R indicators and vein mosaic in V. riparia inoculated with material from cv. Corna Alegra. A total of 71% of the ELISA-tested V. vinifera plants (522 out of 735) were infected by one (14.8%) or more (55.8%) viruses. GVA was the most widespread (54.7%), followed by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1, 47.3%), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV, 29.7%), and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3, 23.9%). Other economically relevant viruses were scarcer, i.e. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2, 9%), GFLV (0.8%) and ArMV (0.1%). The most important Syrian grapevine varieties, i.e. Hellwany, Salty, Balady, and Zeiny, had average infection rates that ranged between 44% and 91%. The highest incidence of infections was observed at Damascus (90%), whereas it ranged between 68% and 79% in the other provinces, except for Hama (36%). Rootstocks were in much better sanitary condition (25% infection). GFkV (22%) was the most common virus, whilst the presence of GLRaV-3 (3%), GLRaV-1, and GFLV (1%) was negligible. Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV) was detected in 72.3% of the samples by RT-PCR. A high percentage of the GRSPaV-positive vines (80%) induced vein necrosis reactions in 110R, thus confirming the recently established correlation between this virus and vein necrosis. [source] QUALITY OF FROZEN SHRIMP THAWED BY RECIRCULATING AIR VERSUS WATER IMMERSIONJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 1 2003C. S. LIN ABSTRACT The quality of shrimp thawed using a constant temperature thawing chamber compared with running water was studied. Shrimp thawed in room temperature air was used as the control. Shrimp thawed using the thawing chamber had lower drip loss, higher yield and moisture content than shrimp thawed by running water. However, the differences were not statistically significant. There were also no significant differences in press juice and shear force between control and shrimp thawed using either thawing method. Shrimp thawed using the thawing chamber had lower aerobic bacterial counts than either control or shrimp thawed using running water. Shrimp thawed using the thawing chamber did not exceed ,1C throughout the thawing experiment, and microbial growth during thawing was also avoided. Results indicated that the thawing chamber has potential for the foodservice industry to produce uniformly thawed products under sanitary conditions. [source] INDICATOR AND PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN GUACAMOLE AND THEIR BEHAVIOR IN AVOCADO PULPJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 4 2001SOFÍ M. ARVIZU-MEDRANO ABSTRACT The presence of some indicator microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria in guacamole sampled from restaurants and street vendors, and the behavior of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were studied in avocado pulp. Coliform, yeast and mold populations showed a wide dispersion, in agreement with the diversity of sanitary conditions observed among places sampled. The frequency of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli were 1.3, 16.0, and 60.0 %, respectively; with higher numbers among street vendors. Populations of E. coli ranged from 29 to 3800 NMP/g and S. aureus from 2.95 to 5.35 log CFU/g. Thirteen out of 16 hemolytic L. monocytogenes strains were pathogenic for mice. In avocado pulp Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 showed a lag phase close to 3 h, and a generation time of 54 min and 1.23 h, respectively. No growth of pathogens was observed in avocado pulp stored at 4-7C. [source] Mathematical Modeling of Microbial Growth in Packaged Refrigerated Orange Juice Treated with Chemical PreservativesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 5 2001S.C. Andrés ABSTRACT Microbial flora of refrigerated orange juice was analyzed during storage at 10 °C and the effects of the following factors were discussed: 1) the previous washing process of the orange peel, 2) the different levels of the added preservatives (citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate), 3) the gaseous permeabilities of the packaging film. Gompertz equation was applied to model molds and yeasts growth for the different treatments and packaging conditions. The washing procedure with sodium hypochlorite extend 2,3 d the storage life of the juice (time to reach microbial counts of 106 CFU/ml) in both packaging films. The use of organic acids and potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate (1.66,6.94 mM) led to storage life values > 11 d in polyethylene and > 20 d in the low gaseous permeability film, maintaining good sanitary conditions. [source] Helicobacter pylori infection in children: population-based age-specific prevalence and risk factors in a developing countryACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010W Jafri Abstract Aim:, We estimated the prevalence, age of acquisition and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) seroprevalence in children aged 1,15 years. Methods:, Exposure was assessed using ELISA. Parents responded to a questionnaire regarding number of individuals sharing house, rooms, water source, latrines, housing and assessment of socioeconomic status (SES) by Hollingshead Index. Results:, Serum of 1976 children was tested. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in children aged 11,15 years was 53.5% (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.58,2.5). It increased with moderate crowding index (CRI) of 2,4 to 45.9% (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.92,1.63) and to 51.2% with CRI >4 (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12,2.06). In middle SES, seropositivity was 50.5% (331/655) (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.29,2.35), whereas in lower SES, it was 47.1% (500/1062) (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1,2.0). Multivariate analysis showed that Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence was high in children aged 6,10 and 11,15 years (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2,1.9 and OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.56,2.47 respectively), in lower-middle SES (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2,2.1 and OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.10,2.0 respectively) and in uneducated fathers (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27,1.95). Conclusion:,Helicobacter pylori seropositivity increases with age, in low-middle SES and is related to father's educational status. Reducing H. pylori seroprevalence will require improvement in sanitary conditions and educational status of the population. [source] | ||||||||||