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Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay (sandwich + enzyme_immunoassay)
Selected AbstractsZoonotic risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV): A study of HEV infection in animals and humans in suburbs of BeijingHEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 12 2009Yibin Chang Aim:, To investigate hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among different animals and workers in pig farms and slaughterhouses, and analyze the genotype of HEV isolated in this study. Methods:, Serum samples were collected from adult swine, cows, sheep, younger swine (< 3 months), and workers in pig farms and slaughterhouses (professional group). Fecal samples were collected from younger swine in the south suburbs of Beijing. Anti-HEV antibody was evaluated by direct sandwich enzyme immunoassay. HEV RNA was extracted from fecal samples and amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR). The PCR products were sequenced, and the sequence homology and phylogenetics of the HEV strains isolated from swine were analyzed. Results:, The anti-HEV positivity rates in adult swine, cows, sheep, younger swine, professional group and general population were 98.23% (222/226), 29.35% (54/184), 9.80% (20/207), 60.73% (99/164), 42.51% (105/247) and 20.29% (522/2572), respectively. The HEV RNA positivity rate of fecal samples was 22.89% (19/83) and 16/19 samples were positive for HEV RNA amplified with both primers, HEV open reading frame (ORF)1 and HEV ORF2. Sequence analysis of these 16 samples showed that there were two groups, designated BJ-1 and BJ-2. The nucleotide homology of BJ-1 and BJ-2 was 99%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both of these groups belonged to genotype 4d. Conclusion:, Workers in pig farms and slaughterhouses were more likely to contract HEV infection than the general population because of close contact with swine with a high prevalence of anti-HEV. [source] IL-6 levels decrease with SSRI treatment in patients with major depressionHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 7 2005Ayse Devrim Basterzi Abstract Objective Some evidence indicates that an immune response with an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines often accompanies major depression. The objective of this study was to examine the serum levels of IL-6 in patients with major depression and the changes occurring in IL-6 levels during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Method Twenty-three patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder and 23 healthy matched controls were included in the study. The severity of depression was measured with the Hamilton rating scale for depression. Blood samples for IL-6 levels were obtained at baseline and at week 6 of treatment and IL-6 concentrations were evaluated using a solid phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay. All patients were treated with an SSRI. Results The IL-6 levels showed no statistically significant difference between the patients and the controls at baseline. However, IL-6 levels after treatment with SSRIs were significantly lower compared with the baseline IL-6 levels of both the patients and the controls. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that proinflammatory cytokines show some changes during the course of treatment of major depression. These findings might also be considered as supporting the hypothesis of a modulatory role of antidepressants on the immune system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Relationship between levels of urinary type IV collagen and renal injuries in patients with IgA nephropathyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 1 2004Hiroaki Io Abstract Because type IV collagen is synthesized by podocytes and mesangial cells, we investigated the relationship between levels of urinary type IV collagen (uIV) and renal injuries in patients with IgA nephropathy. uIV was measured by a highly sensitive one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay prior to renal biopsy. Patients with IgA nephropathy were classified into four grades (grade 1 = good prognosis, grade 2 = relatively good prognosis, grade 3 = relatively poor prognosis, and grade 4 = poor prognosis) by the prognostic criteria of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan. Levels of uIV in grade 4 were significantly higher than those in grades 1,3. These levels tended to increase gradually due to progression of renal injuries. The grades were further divided into two groups: group I (good or relatively good prognoses) and group II (relatively poor or poor prognoses). Patients with proteinuria of <1.0 g/day were defined as groups Ip and IIp. The levels of uIV in group II were significantly higher than those in group I, and those in group IIp were significantly higher than those in group Ip. It appears that the level of uIV can be a useful marker for detection of renal injuries in IgA nephropathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:14,18, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Serum concentration of macrophage-derived chemokine may be a useful inflammatory marker for assessing severity of atopic dermatitis in infants and young childrenPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2003Ting Fan Leung Chemokines are responsible for the trafficking of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Serum chemokine levels were previously shown to be increased in adult patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). We tested whether serum concentrations of chemokines, including macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), eotaxin (EOX), interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), are useful inflammatory markers for assessing AD severity in infants and young children. To investigate this, we assessed the severity of AD clinically using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index system. Serum chemokine concentrations were determined by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Twenty AD patients with a median age of 2.1 years [interquartile range (IQR): 0.6,4.2] were recruited. Their SCORAD score was 23.5 (12.5,33.5). Serum concentrations of MDC, TARC, EOX, IP-10 and MCP-1 were 2551 (1978,3935), 1469 (1125,3070), 68 (57,85), 126 (101,226) and 518 (419,614) pg/ml, respectively. Serum MDC levels correlated with SCORAD (r =,0.608, p = 0.004) and its extent (r =,0.629, p = 0.003) and intensity (r =,0.557, p = 0.011) components. Serum TARC concentration showed weaker correlation with extent (r =,0.474, p = 0.035) and intensity (r =,0.465, p = 0.039) of skin involvement but not SCORAD. The median serum levels of MDC (3131 vs. 2394 pg/ml; p = 0.031) and EOX (80 vs. 61 pg/ml; p = 0.046) were also higher in children with moderate as compared with mild AD. The other chemokines did not correlate with AD severity. In conclusion, our results suggest that serum MDC concentration may be a useful inflammatory marker for assessing AD severity in infants and young children. [source] Serum Concentration of IL-18 Correlates with Disease Extent in Young Children with Atopic DermatitisPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2004Kam Lun Ellis Hon F.A.A.P. Previous studies have suggested that IL-18 may be an inflammatory marker for atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of our study was to test whether the serum concentration of IL-18 is a useful inflammatory marker for assessing AD severity in young children. Nineteen AD patients with a median age of 2.2 years (interquartile range 0.7,4.6 years) were recruited. The severity of AD was clinically determined using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Their SCORAD score was 23.9 (range 18.6,34.8). Serum IL-18 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The median serum concentration of IL-18 was 394 pg/ml (interquartile range 204,612 pg/ml). Serum IL-18 levels correlated with SCORAD scores (r = 0.502, p = 0.029) and their extent component (r = 0.633, p = 0.004). When compared with mild disease with low SCORAD scores, the serum concentration in moderate to severe disease was significantly higher (p = 0.014). We concluded that serum IL-18 concentration is elevated in young children with AD. It may be a useful inflammatory marker that correlates with the extent component of AD in particular, and differentiates mild disease from more severe disease when used for assessing AD severity in young children. [source] Rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene from Vitex rotundifolia, induces apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cellsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 6 2001W. G. Ko Abstract The inhibitory effect of rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, on the proliferation of human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells was examined. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of the growth after 96,h was 22.5,µM. The mode of cell death induced by rotundifuran was found to be apoptosis, which was judged by the morphological alteration of the cells and by the detection of DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis. The degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and flowcytometric analysis. These results suggest that rotundifuran may be used as a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||