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SGA Births (sga + birth)
Selected AbstractsNeighbourhood deprivation and small-for-gestational-age term births in the United StatesPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Irma T. Elo Summary Residential context has received increased attention as a possible contributing factor to race/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in birth outcomes in the United States. Utilising vital statistics birth record data, this study examined the association between neighbourhood deprivation and the risk of a term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth among non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks in eight geographical areas. An SGA birth was defined as a newborn weighing <10th percentile of the sex- and parity-specific birthweight distribution for a given gestational week. Multi-level random intercept logistic regression models were employed and statistical tests were performed to examine whether the association between neighbourhood deprivation and SGA varied by race/ethnicity and study site. The risk of term SGA was higher among non-Hispanic blacks (range 10.8,17.5%) than non-Hispanic whites (range 5.1,9.2%) in all areas and it was higher in cities than in suburban locations. In all areas, non-Hispanic blacks lived in more deprived neighbourhoods than non-Hispanic whites. However, the adjusted associations between neighbourhood deprivation and term SGA did not vary significantly by race/ethnicity or study site. The summary fully adjusted pooled odds ratios, indicating the effect of one standard deviation increase in the deprivation score, were 1.15 [95% CI 1.08, 1.22] for non-Hispanic whites and 1.09 [95% CI 1.05, 1.14] for non-Hispanic blacks. Thus, neighbourhood deprivation was weakly associated with term SGA among both non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks. [source] Risk factors for preterm, low birth weight and small for gestational age birth in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in TownsvilleAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2006Katie Panaretto Objectives: To assess the characteristics of Indigenous births and to examine the risk factors for preterm (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2,500 g) and small for gestational age (SGA) births in a remote urban setting. Design: Prospective cohort of singleton births to women attending Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Services (TAIHS) for shared antenatal care between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003. Main outcome measures: Demographic, obstetric, and antenatal care characteristics are described. Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight and SGA births are assessed. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 25.0 years (95% Cl 24.5,25.5), 15.8% reported hazardous or harmful alcohol use, 15.1% domestic violence, 30% had an inter-pregnancy interval of less than 12 months and 9.2% an unwanted pregnancy. The prevalence of infection was 50.2%. Predictors of preterm birth were a previous preterm birth, low body mass index (BMI) and inadequate antenatal care, with the subgroup at greatest risk of preterm birth being women with a previous preterm birth and infection in the current pregnancy. Predictors of a low birth weight birth were a previous stillbirth, low BMI and an interaction of urine infection and non-Townsville residence; predictors of an SGA birth were tobacco use, pregnancy-induced hypertension and interaction of urine infection and harmful alcohol use. Conclusion: The prevalence of demographic and clinical risk factors is high in this group of urban Indigenous women. Strategies addressing potentially modifiable risk factors should be an important focus of antenatal care delivery to Indigenous women and may represent an opportunity to improve perinatal outcome in Indigenous communities in Australia. [source] Insulin, adiponectin, IGFBP-1 levels and body composition in small for gestational age born non-obese children during prepubertal agesCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Ozlem Sancakli Summary Background, Being small for gestational age (SGA) at birth and postnatal growth pattern may have an impact on insulin resistance and body composition in later life. Adiponectin is a strong determinant of insulin sensitivity. Objective, The aim of this study was to evaluate insulin resistance and adiponectin levels in SGA born children with catch-up growth (CUG) in the absence of obesity in prepubertal ages and relations with body composition and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1. Methods, Twenty-four (15F, 9M) SGA born children with CUG but without obesity were evaluated at age 6·3 ± 0·5 years with respect to glucose, insulin, IGFBP-1, leptin and adiponectin levels, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Their data were compared to that of 62 (27F, 35M) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children. Results, SGA and AGA children had similar height standard deviation score (SDS) corrected for parental height and body mass index (BMI) SDS. Homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly high in SGA (0·7 ± 0·6) than in AGA children (0·4 ± 0·2) (P = 0·029). There were no significant differences in leptin, IGFBP-1, adiponectin, and total and truncal fat between SGA and AGA children. However, being born SGA and having higher BMI in the upper half for the distribution in the sample, although within normal ranges, was associated with lower adiponectin levels (estimated means of log adiponectin levels 3·8 ± 0·3 vs. 4·4 ± 0·1 µg/ml, P = 0·040). Conclusions, SGA children with CUG and with no obesity have higher insulin levels compared to AGA children. Both SGA birth and recent size seem to have an effect on serum adiponectin levels in childhood. [source] Risk factors for small-for-gestational-age babies: The Auckland Birthweight Collaborative StudyJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 4 2001JMD Thompson Objective: This case-control study determined whether internationally recognized risk factors for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) term babies were applicable in New Zealand. Methodology: All babies were born at 37 or more completed weeks of gestation in one of three hospitals in Auckland. Cases weighed less than the sex specific 10th percentile for gestational age at birth, and controls (appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA)) were a random selection of heavier babies. Information was collected by maternal interview and from obstetric databases. Results: Information from 1714 completed interviews (844 SGA and 870 AGA) was available for analysis. Computerized obstetric records were available for 1691 of the 1701 women who consented to such access. In a multivariate analysis allowing for sex, gestational age at birth, social class and other potential confounders, mothers who smoked had a significantly increased risk of an SGA baby (adjusted OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.78,;3.28), as did primiparous mothers (adjusted OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03,;1.73), mothers of Indian ethnicity (adjusted OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.95,;5.30), women with pre-eclamptic toxaemia (adjusted OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.08,;5.40) and those with pre-existing hypertension toxaemia (adjusted OR 5.49; 95% CI 1.81,;16.71). Mothers of SGA infants were shorter (P < 0.001) and reported lower prepregnancy body weights (P < 0.001) than mothers of AGA infants. The population attributable fraction for smoking suggests that up to 18% of SGA infants born in the ABC Study could be related to maternal smoking. Conclusions: Risk factors associated with SGA births in other countries are also important in New Zealand. Smoking in pregnancy is an important and potentially modifiable behaviour, and efforts to decrease the number of women who smoke during pregnancy should be encouraged. [source] Parental exposure to lead and small for gestational age birthsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2006Pau-Chung Chen MD Abstract Background Previous studies about the effect of lead exposure on adverse birth outcomes are still inconsistent and few studies estimate the relationship between parental lead exposure and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. An occupational cohort study to assess whether parental lead exposure would be related to decreased birth weight and shortened gestational ages of their offspring was conducted. Whether higher lead exposure doses would increase risks of low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery, and SGA births was also investigated. Methods A Program to Reduce Exposure by Surveillance System,Blood Lead Levels (Press-BLLS) was established in Taiwan in July 1993. The names of workers exposed to lead was collected from this occupational blood-lead notification database. The birth outcomes of their offspring were determined by linking to the Taiwan birth registration database from 1993 to 1997. Only singleton births whose parental blood-lead concentrations were tested during pregnancy or prior to conception, or within a 1-year span before these two periods were included. Results Among 1,611 eligible births, 72 births were LBW, 74 were preterm deliveries, and 135 were SGA. Maternal blood-lead concentrations (PbBs) equal to or more than 20 µg/dl had a higher risk of mothering a SGA child (risk ratio (RR),=,2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15,3.83). Conclusions Additional evidence of the effects of lead on adverse birth outcomes, especially for SGA births is reported. Maternal exposure to lead plays a more important role in the adverse effect on birth outcome than does paternal exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Hypertension during pregnancy in South Australia, Part 2: Risk factors for adverse maternal and/or perinatal outcome , results of multivariable analysisAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Sophie A. VREEBURG Abstract Objective:, To identify factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with hypertension during pregnancy Design:, A population-based retrospective multivariable analysis using the South Australian perinatal data collection. Methods:, Perinatal data on 70 386 singleton births in 1998,2001 were used in multivariable analyses on three groups: all women combined, all hypertensive women and women with pregnancy hypertension only, in order to identify independent risk factors for requirement for level II/III care, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA) birth and maternal length of stay greater than 7 days. Results:, The risks for the four morbidities were all increased among women with hypertension compared with normotensive women. Those with pre-existing hypertension had the lowest risk (with odds ratios (OR) 1.26,2.90). Pregnancy hypertension held the intermediate position (OR 1.52,5.70), while superimposed pre-eclampsia was associated with the highest risk (OR 2.00,8.75). Among women with hypertension, Aboriginality, older maternal age, nulliparity and pre-existing or gestational diabetes increased the risk for level II/III nursery care, preterm birth and prolonged hospital stay. Smokers had shorter stays, which may be related to their decreased risk of having a Caesarean section or operative vaginal delivery. Asian women, Aboriginal women, smokers and unemployed women had an increased risk for having an SGA baby, while women with pre-existing or gestational diabetes had a reduced risk. Conclusions:, Among hypertensive pregnant women, nulliparity, older maternal age, Aboriginality, unemployment and diabetes are independent risk factors for one or more major adverse pregnancy outcomes. Smoking does not always worsen the outcome for hypertensive women except for SGA births. [source] Risk factors for preterm, low birth weight and small for gestational age birth in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in TownsvilleAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2006Katie Panaretto Objectives: To assess the characteristics of Indigenous births and to examine the risk factors for preterm (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2,500 g) and small for gestational age (SGA) births in a remote urban setting. Design: Prospective cohort of singleton births to women attending Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Services (TAIHS) for shared antenatal care between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003. Main outcome measures: Demographic, obstetric, and antenatal care characteristics are described. Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight and SGA births are assessed. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 25.0 years (95% Cl 24.5,25.5), 15.8% reported hazardous or harmful alcohol use, 15.1% domestic violence, 30% had an inter-pregnancy interval of less than 12 months and 9.2% an unwanted pregnancy. The prevalence of infection was 50.2%. Predictors of preterm birth were a previous preterm birth, low body mass index (BMI) and inadequate antenatal care, with the subgroup at greatest risk of preterm birth being women with a previous preterm birth and infection in the current pregnancy. Predictors of a low birth weight birth were a previous stillbirth, low BMI and an interaction of urine infection and non-Townsville residence; predictors of an SGA birth were tobacco use, pregnancy-induced hypertension and interaction of urine infection and harmful alcohol use. Conclusion: The prevalence of demographic and clinical risk factors is high in this group of urban Indigenous women. Strategies addressing potentially modifiable risk factors should be an important focus of antenatal care delivery to Indigenous women and may represent an opportunity to improve perinatal outcome in Indigenous communities in Australia. [source] Maternal HIV status and pregnancy outcomes in northeastern Tanzania: a registry-based studyBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2008NA Habib Objectives, The proportion of women delivering with known HIV status in sub-Saharan Africa is not well described. Risk of HIV transmission to newborns is a major concern, but there may also be increased risks for other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Design, Hospital registry. Setting, North East Tanzania (1999,2006). Population, Singletons (n= 14 444). Methods, Births were grouped by maternal HIV status and socio-demographic factors predicting HIV status, and associations between status and pregnancy outcomes were studied. Main outcome measures, Maternal HIV status, perinatal mortality, prematurity, small for gestational age (SGA), birthweight and low Apgar score. Results, The proportion of mothers with known HIV status increased from 7% before 2001 to 78% after 2004. Single motherhood, rural residence, low maternal education, maternal and paternal farming and higher paternal age were associated with unknown HIV status. About 7.4% (95% CI 6.7,8.1%) of women were HIV infected, with increased likelihood of infection with higher gravidity, single motherhood, rural residence, maternal business or farming occupations and paternal tribe. Compared with HIV-uninfected women, the untreated HIV-infected women had a higher risk of SGA births (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] 1.6; 95% CI 1.1,2.4), preterm birth (ARR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1,2.7) and perinatal death (ARR 1.9; 95% CI 0.95,3.8). Women with unknown HIV status had moderately increased risks. Treated HIV-infected women had a risk similar to that of the HIV-uninfected women for all outcomes, except for low Apgar score. Conclusion, HIV testing and infection were associated with socio-demographic factors. Untreated HIV-infected women had higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and risks were also increased for women with unknown HIV status. There is still a need to increase availability of HIV testing, education and adequate therapy for pregnant women. [source] Pregnancy-induced hypertension and infant mortality: roles of birthweight centiles and gestational ageBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 1 2007XK Chen Objective, To assess the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) on infant mortality in different birthweight centiles (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and large for gestational age [LGA]) and gestational ages (early preterm, late preterm, and full term). Design, Retrospective cohort study. Setting, Linked birth and infant death data set of USA between 1995 and 2000. Population, A total of 17 464 560 eligible liveborn singleton births delivered after 20th gestational week. Methods, Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between PIH and infant mortality, with adjustment of potential confounders stratified by birthweight centiles and gestational age. Main outcome measure, Infant death (0,364 days) and its three components: early neonatal death (0,6 days), late neonatal death (7,27 days), and postneonatal death (28,364 days). Results, PIH was associated with decreased risks of infant mortality, early neonatal mortality, and late neonatal mortality in both preterm and term SGA births, and PIH was associated with lower postneonatal mortality in preterm SGA births. PIH was associated with decreased risks of infant mortality, early neonatal mortality, late neonatal mortality and postneonatal mortality in preterm AGA births. Decreased risk of infant mortality and early neonatal mortality was associated with PIH in early preterm LGA births. Conclusions, The association between PIH and infant mortality varies depending on different birthweight centiles, gestational age, and age at death. PIH is associated with a decreased risk of infant mortality in SGA births, preterm AGA births, and early preterm LGA births. [source] | ||||||||||